Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2055091491', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.943', 'title': 'An Analysis on the Force Requirement of Combined Operations for Forward and Backward Tube Forming', 'display_name': 'An Analysis on the Force Requirement of Combined Operations for Forward and Backward Tube Forming', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2055091491', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.943', 'mag': '2055091491'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.943', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S87940674', 'display_name': 'Materials science forum', 'issn_l': '0255-5476', 'issn': ['0255-5476', '1662-9752', '1662-9760'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310317839', 'host_organization_name': 'Trans Tech Publications', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310317839'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Trans Tech Publications'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109201404', 'display_name': 'Beong Bok Hwang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I191879574', 'display_name': 'Inha University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01easw929', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Beong Bok Hwang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Inha University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Inha University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035171882', 'display_name': 'G.M. Lee', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I191879574', 'display_name': 'Inha University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01easw929', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G.M. Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Inha University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Inha University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024596186', 'display_name': 'Y.H. Lee', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6892-4270'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I191879574', 'display_name': 'Inha University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01easw929', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Y.H. Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Inha University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Inha University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108667106', 'display_name': 'J.H. Ok', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I191879574', 'display_name': 'Inha University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01easw929', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.H. Ok', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Inha University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Inha University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100678302', 'display_name': 'Seung-Jun Kim', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0561-2763'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I191879574', 'display_name': 'Inha University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01easw929', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S.H. Kim', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Inha University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Inha University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I191879574']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 61}, 'biblio': {'volume': '519-521', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '943', 'last_page': '948'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11201', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy and Material Forming', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11201', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy and Material Forming', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10670', 'display_name': 'Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2202', 'display_name': 'Aerospace Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10700', 'display_name': 'Metal Forming Simulation Techniques', 'score': 0.9956, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/material-flow', 'display_name': 'Material Flow', 'score': 0.4742595}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778958987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139143', 'display_name': 'Extrusion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.88765264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111106434', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072430', 'display_name': 'Die (integrated circuit)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.79166317}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777551473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093072', 'display_name': 'Tube (container)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7201328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.71193534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178635117', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499', 'display_name': 'RADIUS', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.59195685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204366326', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650', 'display_name': 'Deformation (meteorology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5774546}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139321929', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363994', 'display_name': 'Forming processes', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5527559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135628077', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184', 'display_name': 'Finite element method', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5151976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183906286', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4284762', 'display_name': 'Material flow', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4742595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C500300565', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667', 'display_name': 'Computer simulation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44913897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98045186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663', 'display_name': 'Process (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4288217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41152862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40581986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66938386', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538', 'display_name': 'Structural engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39849675}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2964388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1831406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15242815}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09232396}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.943', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S87940674', 'display_name': 'Materials science forum', 'issn_l': '0255-5476', 'issn': ['0255-5476', '1662-9752', '1662-9760'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310317839', 'host_organization_name': 'Trans Tech Publications', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310317839'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Trans Tech Publications'], 'type': 'book series'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 3, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1515157277', 'https://openalex.org/W2042815729', 'https://openalex.org/W2100371626'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W900085070', 'https://openalex.org/W74685722', 'https://openalex.org/W4365456219', 'https://openalex.org/W4312852343', 'https://openalex.org/W3179550613', 'https://openalex.org/W2372377738', 'https://openalex.org/W2354106973', 'https://openalex.org/W2046309225', 'https://openalex.org/W2029846753', 'https://openalex.org/W2005214958'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'the': [1, 4, 13, 63, 67, 95, 193, 216, 241, 256, 262, 269, 273, 291, 295], 'present': [2], 'study,': [3], 'finite': [5], 'element': [6], 'analysis': [7, 96], 'has': [8, 208], 'been': [9, 209], 'conducted': [10], 'to': [11, 50, 125, 191, 221], 'investigate': [12, 192], 'deformation': [14, 98], 'characteristics': [15, 102], 'of': [16, 31, 69, 97, 118, 141, 169, 230, 243, 250], 'forward': [17, 105, 203, 244], 'and': [18, 35, 62, 86, 100, 130, 156, 161, 167, 172, 178, 198, 204, 234, 248, 260, 272, 282], 'backward': [19, 111, 131, 150, 205, 251], 'can': [20], 'extrusion': [21, 107, 113, 177, 181, 223, 297], 'process': [22, 114, 146, 182, 196, 224], 'using': [23], 'AA': [24], '1100': [25], 'aluminum': [26], 'alloy': [27], 'tubes': [28, 56], 'in': [29, 39, 75, 103, 116, 139, 183, 201, 225, 228], 'terms': [30, 117, 140, 229], 'maximum': [32, 231, 235], 'forming': [33, 173, 232, 263], 'load': [34, 174, 233, 264], 'extruded': [36, 199, 245, 252], 'length': [37, 242], 'ratio': [38, 258, 271], 'a': [40, 104], 'combined': [41, 108, 176, 217, 296], 'material': [42], 'flow.': [43], 'A': [44], 'commercially': [45], 'available': [46], 'code': [47], 'is': [48, 92, 219, 265], 'used': [49], 'conduct': [51], 'rigid-plastic': [52], 'FEM': [53], 'simulation.': [54], 'Hollow': [55], 'are': [57, 137, 188], 'selected': [58], 'as': [59, 149, 255, 278], 'initial': [60], 'billets': [61], 'punch': [64, 78, 87, 127, 157, 283], 'geometries': [65], 'follow': [66], 'recommendation': [68], 'ICFG.': [70], 'Selected': [71], 'design': [72, 275], 'parametrs': [73], 'involved': [74], 'simulation': [76, 135, 212], 'includes': [77], 'nose': [79, 128], 'radius,': [80, 83], 'die': [81, 153, 170, 279], 'corner': [82, 154, 280], 'frictional': [84], 'condition,': [85], 'face': [88, 158, 284], 'angle.': [89], 'The': [90, 134], 'investigation': [91], 'foucused': [93], 'on': [94, 165, 238, 290], 'pattern': [99], 'its': [101], 'tube': [106, 112, 132, 151, 246, 253], 'simultaneously': [109], 'with': [110], 'main': [115], 'force': [119, 292], 'requirements': [120], 'for': [121, 144, 294], 'this': [122], 'operation': [123, 218, 227], 'according': [124], 'various': [126], 'radii': [129], 'thickness.': [133], 'results': [136, 213], 'summarized': [138], 'load-stroke': [142], 'relationships': [143, 194], 'different': [145], 'parameters': [147, 197], 'such': [148, 277], 'thickness,': [152], 'radii,': [155], 'angle,': [159], 'respectively,': [160], 'pressure': [162, 171, 236], 'distributions': [163], 'exerted': [164, 237], 'die,': [166, 239], 'comparison': [168], 'between': [175, 195], 'two': [179], 'stage': [180], 'sequencial': [184], 'operation.': [185], 'Extensive': [186], 'analyses': [187], 'also': [189], 'made': [190], 'lengths': [200], 'both': [202], 'directions.': [206], 'It': [207], 'concluded': [210], 'from': [211], 'that': [214, 249], 'a)': [215], 'superior': [220], 'multi-stage': [222], 'sequential': [226], 'b)': [240], 'increases': [247], 'decreases': [254], 'thickness': [257, 270], 'decreases,': [259], 'c)': [261], 'influenced': [266], 'much': [267, 289], 'by': [268], 'other': [274], 'factors': [276], 'radius': [281], 'angle': [285], 'does': [286], 'not': [287], 'affect': [288], 'requirement': [293], 'process.': [298]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055091491', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T17:45:29.180921', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}