Abstract: In the words of the old Negro preacher, We ain't where we ought to be, we ain't where we wanna be, but thank God we ain't where we used to be. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 dramatically increased the number of Black legislators in the state of Mississippi. Prior to the passage of the Voting Rights Act, African Americans had not served in the Mississippi state legislature since 1896. However, by 1988, 22 African Americans gained seats in the state legislature. In this descriptive analysis, the evolution, nature of the membership, and substantive impact of the Mississippi Legislative Black Caucus are assessed. Minority voting research has been categorized as occurring in four generations (Davidson & Grofman, 1994). According to Davidson and Grofman (1994), first generation research questions evaluate minority enfranchisement. Second generation questions are concerned with vote dilution and the election of minority candidates. Furthermore, the authors introduced third and fourth generation questions that address the substantive gains made by African American elected officials.' The research at hand places focus on third and fourth generation research questions. The study proceeds with a historical overview of the election of Black legislators in the state of Mississippi. Secondly, a synopsis of the state's legislative process and the evolution of the Mississippi Legislative Black Caucus are given. Thirdly, the social background