Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2053329162', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'title': 'Improved pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling for mapping brain perfusion', 'display_name': 'Improved pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling for mapping brain perfusion', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-05-24', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2053329162', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'mag': '2053329162', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20512895', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3121564'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S132538424', 'display_name': 'Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'issn_l': '1053-1807', 'issn': ['1053-1807', '1522-2586'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079235407', 'display_name': 'Marzieh Nezamzadeh', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'display_name': 'San Francisco VA Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049peqw80', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125474', 'https://openalex.org/I4210143381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marzieh Nezamzadeh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030543816', 'display_name': 'Gerald B. Matson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'display_name': 'San Francisco VA Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049peqw80', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125474', 'https://openalex.org/I4210143381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gerald B. Matson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026293346', 'display_name': 'N. Vittorio', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6997-635X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'display_name': 'San Francisco VA Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049peqw80', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125474', 'https://openalex.org/I4210143381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Karl Young', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102977342', 'display_name': 'Michael W. Weiner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-1954'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'display_name': 'San Francisco VA Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049peqw80', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125474', 'https://openalex.org/I4210143381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael W. Weiner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044485966', 'display_name': 'Norbert Schuff', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I180670191', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Francisco', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043mz5j54', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'display_name': 'San Francisco VA Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049peqw80', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478', 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'https://openalex.org/I2799886695', 'https://openalex.org/I4210125474', 'https://openalex.org/I4210143381']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Norbert Schuff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I180670191']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1315708478']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.361, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 26, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.894355, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '31', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '1419', 'last_page': '1427'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10378', 'display_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications in Medicine', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10378', 'display_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications in Medicine', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10241', 'display_name': 'Analysis of Brain Functional Connectivity Networks', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11279', 'display_name': 'Lanthanide Luminescence in Biomedical Applications', 'score': 0.9991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2505', 'display_name': 'Materials Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-spin-labeling', 'display_name': 'Arterial spin labeling', 'score': 0.8577887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/perfusion-imaging', 'display_name': 'Perfusion Imaging', 'score': 0.57942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging-data-analysis', 'display_name': 'Neuroimaging Data Analysis', 'score': 0.504358}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3018723549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56284158', 'display_name': 'Arterial spin labeling', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8577887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9893847', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625', 'display_name': 'Reproducibility', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74093276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146957229', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266915', 'display_name': 'Perfusion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71431756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780167933', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652', 'display_name': 'Pulse (music)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6251132}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2989005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963', 'display_name': 'Nuclear medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48494795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C135691158', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7168308', 'display_name': 'Perfusion scanning', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4754619}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46141821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402', 'display_name': 'Nuclear magnetic resonance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.463126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136229726', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092', 'display_name': 'Biomedical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42635798}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37035927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27292106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21634522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19764403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07750842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94915269', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857', 'display_name': 'Detector', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001931', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Mapping', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013113', 'descriptor_name': 'Spin Labels', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001931', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain Mapping', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003198', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Simulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007091', 'descriptor_name': 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008279', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010477', 'descriptor_name': 'Perfusion', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015203', 'descriptor_name': 'Reproducibility of Results', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S132538424', 'display_name': 'Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'issn_l': '1053-1807', 'issn': ['1053-1807', '1522-2586'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3121564', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3121564?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3121564', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20512895', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jmri.22199', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S132538424', 'display_name': 'Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'issn_l': '1053-1807', 'issn': ['1053-1807', '1522-2586'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 23, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1989854445', 'https://openalex.org/W1991779023', 'https://openalex.org/W1996078265', 'https://openalex.org/W1996498530', 'https://openalex.org/W2012056804', 'https://openalex.org/W2055473405', 'https://openalex.org/W2057142326', 'https://openalex.org/W2059432853', 'https://openalex.org/W2067508420', 'https://openalex.org/W2077466520', 'https://openalex.org/W2084787525', 'https://openalex.org/W2090035569', 'https://openalex.org/W2104007404', 'https://openalex.org/W2109381172', 'https://openalex.org/W2112720824', 'https://openalex.org/W2122742494', 'https://openalex.org/W2126976785', 'https://openalex.org/W2129006179', 'https://openalex.org/W2154535553', 'https://openalex.org/W2155061717', 'https://openalex.org/W2162197370', 'https://openalex.org/W4233867216', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3032083687', 'https://openalex.org/W2799743560', 'https://openalex.org/W2471267301', 'https://openalex.org/W2467919609', 'https://openalex.org/W2467341106', 'https://openalex.org/W2385340480', 'https://openalex.org/W2383101986', 'https://openalex.org/W2361304792', 'https://openalex.org/W2133730772', 'https://openalex.org/W2040622355'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Purpose:': [1], 'To': [2], 'investigate': [3], 'arterial': [4], 'spin': [5], 'labeling': [6, 120], '(ASL)': [7], 'methods': [8], 'for': [9, 39], 'improved': [10, 174], 'brain': [11, 99, 175], 'perfusion': [12, 71, 100, 176], 'mapping.': [13], 'Previously,': [14], 'pseudo‐continuous': [15], 'ASL': [16, 27, 47, 87, 131], '(pCASL)': [17], 'was': [18], 'developed': [19], 'to': [20, 173], 'overcome': [21], 'limitations': [22], 'inherent': [23], 'with': [24, 78, 125, 162], 'conventional': [25], 'continuous': [26], '(CASL),': [28], 'but': [29], 'the': [30, 36, 42, 46, 61, 65, 115, 119, 153, 163, 166], 'control': [31], 'scan': [32], '(null': [33], 'pulse)': [34], 'in': [35, 59, 97, 104, 149], 'original': [37], 'method': [38], 'pCASL': [40], 'perturbs': [41], 'equilibrium': [43], 'magnetization,': [44], 'diminishing': [45], 'signal.': [48], 'Here,': [49], 'a': [50], 'new': [51, 167], 'modification': [52], 'of': [53, 96, 170], 'pCASL,': [54], 'termed': [55], 'mpCASL': [56, 79, 126, 145, 171], 'is': [57, 68], 'reported,': [58], 'which': [60], 'perturbation': [62], 'caused': [63], 'by': [64], 'null': [66, 168], 'pulse': [67, 169], 'reduced': [69], 'and': [70, 75, 85, 94, 114, 134], 'mapping': [72], 'improved.': [73], 'Materials': [74], 'Methods:': [76], 'improvements': [77], 'are': [80, 160], 'demonstrated': [81], 'using': [82], 'numerical': [83], 'simulations': [84], 'experiments.': [86], 'signal': [88, 132], 'intensity': [89, 133], 'as': [90, 92], 'well': [91], 'contrast': [93, 137], 'reproducibility': [95, 148], 'vivo': [98], 'images': [101], 'were': [102], 'measured': [103], 'four': [105], 'volunteers': [106], 'who': [107], 'had': [108], 'MRI': [109], 'scans': [110, 151], 'at': [111], '4': [112], 'Tesla': [113], 'data': [116], 'compared': [117], 'across': [118], 'methods.': [121, 155], 'Results:': [122], 'Perfusion': [123], 'maps': [124], 'showed,': [127], 'on': [128], 'average,': [129], 'higher': [130, 135], 'image': [136], 'than': [138, 152], 'those': [139], 'from': [140], 'CASL': [141], 'or': [142], 'pCASL.': [143], 'Furthermore,': [144], 'yielded': [146], 'better': [147], 'repeat': [150], 'other': [154], 'Conclusion:': [156], 'The': [157], 'experimental': [158], 'results': [159], 'consistent': [161], 'hypothesis': [164], 'that': [165], 'leads': [172], 'images.': [177], 'J.': [178], 'Magn.': [179], 'Reson.': [180], 'Imaging': [181], '2010;31:1419–1427.': [182], '©': [183], '2010': [184], 'Wiley‐Liss,': [185], 'Inc.': [186]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053329162', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T21:47:24.579294', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}