Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2052861746', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1023/b:mind.0000045986.90956.7f', 'title': 'Introduction: Machine Learning as Philosophy of Science', 'display_name': 'Introduction: Machine Learning as Philosophy of Science', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2052861746', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1023/b:mind.0000045986.90956.7f', 'mag': '2052861746'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1023/b:mind.0000045986.90956.7f', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160466889', 'display_name': 'Minds and Machines', 'issn_l': '0924-6495', 'issn': ['0924-6495', '1572-8641'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059657954', 'display_name': 'Kevin B. Korb', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'display_name': 'Monash University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02bfwt286', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Kevin B. Korb', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5059657954'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2390, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2990, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.878, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 25, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.969973, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '14', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '433', 'last_page': '440'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10778', 'display_name': 'Mechanistic Explanation in Scientific Discovery and Evolution', 'score': 0.9922, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10778', 'display_name': 'Mechanistic Explanation in Scientific Discovery and Evolution', 'score': 0.9922, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1207', 'display_name': 'History and Philosophy of Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12002', 'display_name': 'Computational Complexity and Algorithmic Information Theory', 'score': 0.9492, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14394', 'display_name': 'Physics of the Mind and Cognitive Science', 'score': 0.914, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation', 'display_name': 'Theory of computation', 'score': 0.7386893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity', 'display_name': 'Simplicity', 'score': 0.72647315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science', 'display_name': 'Philosophy of Science', 'score': 0.594178}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-language', 'display_name': 'Philosophy of language', 'score': 0.5872239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-engineering', 'display_name': 'Philosophy of Engineering', 'score': 0.551306}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110099512', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115', 'display_name': 'Philosophy of science', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9360626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24726157', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407', 'display_name': 'Philosophy of mind', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.86057526}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24858836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718', 'display_name': 'Theory of computation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7386893}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776372474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291', 'display_name': 'Simplicity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72647315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123556308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484761', 'display_name': 'Philosophy of language', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5872239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5602931}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31005864', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3056268', 'display_name': 'Philosophy of computer science', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51985055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.51758516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188147891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638', 'display_name': 'Cognitive science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5167512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4745691}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43375027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28257173}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170143251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842333', 'display_name': 'Western philosophy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.27064002}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182744844', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277', 'display_name': 'Metaphysics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.18914768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11258516}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1023/b:mind.0000045986.90956.7f', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160466889', 'display_name': 'Minds and Machines', 'issn_l': '0924-6495', 'issn': ['0924-6495', '1572-8641'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 32, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1503705371', 'https://openalex.org/W1531190209', 'https://openalex.org/W1571008965', 'https://openalex.org/W1591028080', 'https://openalex.org/W1591422284', 'https://openalex.org/W159185672', 'https://openalex.org/W1595226358', 'https://openalex.org/W1596241100', 'https://openalex.org/W1977270690', 'https://openalex.org/W1989020770', 'https://openalex.org/W1998668381', 'https://openalex.org/W2009231037', 'https://openalex.org/W2014151618', 'https://openalex.org/W2054129760', 'https://openalex.org/W2056238868', 'https://openalex.org/W2057107600', 'https://openalex.org/W2074264162', 'https://openalex.org/W2075725716', 'https://openalex.org/W2094539326', 'https://openalex.org/W210364537', 'https://openalex.org/W2107844279', 'https://openalex.org/W2119409989', 'https://openalex.org/W2132046385', 'https://openalex.org/W2135625884', 'https://openalex.org/W2321927544', 'https://openalex.org/W2323746689', 'https://openalex.org/W2332423244', 'https://openalex.org/W2589661000', 'https://openalex.org/W3128485762', 'https://openalex.org/W3134144540', 'https://openalex.org/W3162439866', 'https://openalex.org/W43010612'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W841040984', 'https://openalex.org/W4246803140', 'https://openalex.org/W3088687493', 'https://openalex.org/W2582157146', 'https://openalex.org/W2132643558', 'https://openalex.org/W2063746664', 'https://openalex.org/W2037107578', 'https://openalex.org/W2016129522', 'https://openalex.org/W1965227077', 'https://openalex.org/W1900284493'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052861746', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-15T01:50:48.050441', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}