Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2052440758', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/762/2/94', 'title': 'LIMITS ON THE STOCHASTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BACKGROUND FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN NANOHERTZ OBSERVATORY FOR GRAVITATIONAL WAVES', 'display_name': 'LIMITS ON THE STOCHASTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BACKGROUND FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN NANOHERTZ OBSERVATORY FOR GRAVITATIONAL WAVES', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-12-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2052440758', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/762/2/94', 'mag': '2052440758'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/762/2/94', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/94/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/94/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059638806', 'display_name': 'Paul Demorest', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-965X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2609998029', 'display_name': 'National Radio Astronomy Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04m24yn62', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2609998029', 'https://openalex.org/I867387847']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. B. Demorest', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2609998029']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035744059', 'display_name': 'R. D. Ferdman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-1235'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5023651', 'display_name': 'McGill University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pxwe438', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. D. Ferdman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['McGill University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'McGill University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017224476', 'display_name': 'M. E. Gonzalez', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. E. Gonzalez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of British Columbia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of British Columbia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028940848', 'display_name': 'D. J. Nice', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6709-2566'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I184759092', 'display_name': 'Lafayette College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036n0x007', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184759092']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Nice', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Lafayette College'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Lafayette College', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I184759092']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023309913', 'display_name': 'S. M. Ransom', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-9714'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2609998029', 'display_name': 'National Radio Astronomy Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04m24yn62', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2609998029', 'https://openalex.org/I867387847']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Ransom', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2609998029']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046076241', 'display_name': 'I. H. Stairs', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9784-8670'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'I. H. Stairs', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of British Columbia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of British Columbia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080561663', 'display_name': 'Zaven Arzoumanian', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6187-8753'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1306266525', 'display_name': 'Goddard Space Flight Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0171mag52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1306266525', 'https://openalex.org/I4210124779']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1329765538', 'display_name': 'Universities Space Research Association', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043pgqy52', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1329765538']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Z. Arzoumanian', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['NASA Goddard Space Flight Center', 'Universities Space Research Association'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'NASA Goddard Space Flight Center', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1306266525']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Universities Space Research Association', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1329765538']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057680253', 'display_name': 'Adam Brazier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-7178'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'display_name': 'Cornell University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6r87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Brazier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Cornell University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Cornell University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029852719', 'display_name': 'Sarah Burke-Spolaor', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-7838'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I122411786', 'display_name': 'California Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dxps055', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Burke-Spolaor', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Jet Propulsion Laboratory | California Institute of Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Jet Propulsion Laboratory | California Institute of Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012004737', 'display_name': 'S. J. Chamberlin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-1433'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43579087', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031q21x57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. J. Chamberlin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004827872', 'display_name': 'J. M. Cordes', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4049-1882'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'display_name': 'Cornell University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6r87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. M. Cordes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Cornell University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Cornell University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101581248', 'display_name': 'Justin A. Ellis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-974X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43579087', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031q21x57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Ellis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5026244912', 'display_name': 'L. S. Finn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-0688'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. S. Finn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089004860', 'display_name': 'P. C. C. Freire', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-9435'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210158571', 'display_name': 'Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04jvemc39', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I149899117', 'https://openalex.org/I4210158571']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. Freire', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210158571']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035975322', 'display_name': 'S. Giampanis', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43579087', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031q21x57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Giampanis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043875639', 'display_name': 'Fredrick Jenet', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-1523'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. Jenet', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040720897', 'display_name': 'V. M. Kaspi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-0307'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5023651', 'display_name': 'McGill University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01pxwe438', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'V. M. Kaspi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['McGill University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'McGill University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5023651']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083382148', 'display_name': 'Joseph Lazio', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I122411786', 'display_name': 'California Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dxps055', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Lazio', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Jet Propulsion Laboratory | California Institute of Technology'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Jet Propulsion Laboratory | California Institute of Technology', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024054187', 'display_name': 'A. N. Lommen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-7536'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173146385', 'display_name': 'Franklin & Marshall College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04fp4ps48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173146385']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. N. Lommen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173146385']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017251529', 'display_name': 'M. A. McLaughlin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-7422'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12097938', 'display_name': 'West Virginia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/011vxgd24', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. McLaughlin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['West Virginia University ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Virginia University ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000568345', 'display_name': 'N. Palliyaguru', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-0262'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12097938', 'display_name': 'West Virginia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/011vxgd24', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'N. Palliyaguru', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['West Virginia University ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Virginia University ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083349550', 'display_name': 'D. Perrodin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-2483'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I173146385', 'display_name': 'Franklin & Marshall College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04fp4ps48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I173146385']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Perrodin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I173146385']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016391781', 'display_name': 'R. M. Shannon', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-6348'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1292875679', 'display_name': 'Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qn8fb07', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1292875679', 'https://openalex.org/I2801453606', 'https://openalex.org/I4387156119']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. M. Shannon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['CSIRO'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'CSIRO', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1292875679']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058214105', 'display_name': 'Xavier Siemens', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-2990'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I43579087', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031q21x57', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'X. Siemens', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Univ. of Wisconsin Milwaukee', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I43579087']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069168543', 'display_name': 'Daniel R. Stinebring', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1797-3277'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I70571728', 'display_name': 'Oberlin College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05ac26z88', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I70571728']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Stinebring', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Oberlin College > > > >'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Oberlin College > > > >', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I70571728']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086627438', 'display_name': 'Joseph K. Swiggum', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-3837'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12097938', 'display_name': 'West Virginia University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/011vxgd24', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Swiggum', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['West Virginia University ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'West Virginia University ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12097938']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016223122', 'display_name': 'Weiwei Zhu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-4058'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. W. Zhu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of British Columbia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of British Columbia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 15, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4499, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4499, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 19.795, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 316, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999949, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '762', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '94', 'last_page': '94'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12450', 'display_name': 'Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12450', 'display_name': 'Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10463', 'display_name': 'Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11405', 'display_name': 'Geophysics and Gravity Measurements', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1910', 'display_name': 'Oceanography'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave-background', 'display_name': 'Gravitational wave background', 'score': 0.60219777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set', 'display_name': 'Data set', 'score': 0.44460693}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110363677', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360', 'display_name': 'Pulsar', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9552994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8112047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190330329', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035', 'display_name': 'Gravitational wave', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7657095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779919027', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832', 'display_name': 'Observatory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6737535}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781201033', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5598005', 'display_name': 'Gravitational wave background', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.60219777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107195408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302080', 'display_name': 'Gravitational-wave observatory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5862756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5411683}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173120059', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40392', 'display_name': 'Supermassive black hole', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52752405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177562468', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893', 'display_name': 'Dispersion (optics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45586917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58489278', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284', 'display_name': 'Data set', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44460693}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C168110828', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626', 'display_name': 'Spectral density', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41843954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37154272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19022304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12333086}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.09023103}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0797911}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/762/2/94', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/94/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.6641', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1201.6641', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/pa_fac/104', 'pdf_url': 'https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1103&context=pa_fac', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402611', 'display_name': 'ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2802326326', 'host_organization_name': 'The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802326326'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130214-090255320', 'pdf_url': 'https://authors.library.caltech.edu/36918/7/Demorest_2013_ApJ_762_94.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402162', 'display_name': 'CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I122411786', 'host_organization_name': 'California Institute of Technology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['California Institute of Technology'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1201.6641', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/762/2/94', 'pdf_url': 'https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/762/2/94/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1980519', 'display_name': 'The Astrophysical Journal', 'issn_l': '0004-637X', 'issn': ['0004-637X', '1538-4357'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2052440758', 'https://openalex.org/W3102988893'], 'referenced_works_count': 55, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1643132601', 'https://openalex.org/W1667165204', 'https://openalex.org/W1725759073', 'https://openalex.org/W1964233067', 'https://openalex.org/W1981155145', 'https://openalex.org/W1984527294', 'https://openalex.org/W1988414640', 'https://openalex.org/W1993907078', 'https://openalex.org/W1994462522', 'https://openalex.org/W1994565959', 'https://openalex.org/W2001576348', 'https://openalex.org/W2020781433', 'https://openalex.org/W2024152591', 'https://openalex.org/W2025727932', 'https://openalex.org/W2031441326', 'https://openalex.org/W2033842403', 'https://openalex.org/W2044000452', 'https://openalex.org/W2046240047', 'https://openalex.org/W2046245205', 'https://openalex.org/W2047232614', 'https://openalex.org/W2061294627', 'https://openalex.org/W2064733721', 'https://openalex.org/W2067169011', 'https://openalex.org/W2073277973', 'https://openalex.org/W2076655426', 'https://openalex.org/W2078178292', 'https://openalex.org/W2078543352', 'https://openalex.org/W2083539495', 'https://openalex.org/W2087794046', 'https://openalex.org/W2100459684', 'https://openalex.org/W2111420545', 'https://openalex.org/W2114805877', 'https://openalex.org/W2117097547', 'https://openalex.org/W2133034989', 'https://openalex.org/W2133292720', 'https://openalex.org/W2136355021', 'https://openalex.org/W2143927851', 'https://openalex.org/W2145078547', 'https://openalex.org/W2147957691', 'https://openalex.org/W2156691056', 'https://openalex.org/W2157358283', 'https://openalex.org/W2170120409', 'https://openalex.org/W2432517183', 'https://openalex.org/W2594942906', 'https://openalex.org/W2952358176', 'https://openalex.org/W2997761044', 'https://openalex.org/W3098136306', 'https://openalex.org/W3099570014', 'https://openalex.org/W3099901108', 'https://openalex.org/W3100974022', 'https://openalex.org/W3104181541', 'https://openalex.org/W3121468163', 'https://openalex.org/W3121636630', 'https://openalex.org/W3122080733', 'https://openalex.org/W3125041110'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4385211005', 'https://openalex.org/W4383047562', 'https://openalex.org/W4200159144', 'https://openalex.org/W3100904340', 'https://openalex.org/W2950742644', 'https://openalex.org/W2796176046', 'https://openalex.org/W2049095601', 'https://openalex.org/W2044000452', 'https://openalex.org/W2022027923', 'https://openalex.org/W2000706340'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0, 23, 43, 85, 142], 'present': [1, 86], 'an': [2, 152], 'analysis': [3], 'of': [4, 12, 31, 55, 96, 135, 158, 168, 183], 'high-precision': [5], 'pulsar': [6, 49], 'timing': [7, 50, 65, 77, 91, 112, 182], 'data': [8, 46, 126, 148], 'taken': [9], 'as': [10], 'part': [11], 'the': [13, 36, 53, 74, 94, 111, 117, 156, 159, 181, 184, 189], 'North': [14], 'American': [15], 'Nanohertz': [16], 'Observatory': [17], 'for': [18, 28, 88, 93], 'Gravitational': [19], 'Waves': [20], '(NANOGrav)': [21], 'project.': [22], 'have': [24], 'observed': [25], '17': [26], 'pulsars': [27, 136, 187], 'a': [29, 97, 102, 128, 133, 139], 'span': [30], 'roughly': [32], 'five': [33], 'years': [34], 'using': [35, 47], 'Green': [37], 'Bank': [38], 'and': [39, 59, 73, 120, 193], 'Arecibo': [40], 'radio': [41], 'telescopes.': [42], 'analyze': [44], 'these': [45, 144], 'standard': [48], 'models,': [51], 'with': [52, 101], 'addition': [54], 'time-variable': [56], 'dispersion': [57], 'measure': [58], 'frequency-variable': [60], 'pulse': [61], 'shape': [62], 'terms.': [63], 'Sub-microsecond': [64], 'residuals': [66, 78, 92], 'are': [67, 82], 'obtained': [68], 'in': [69, 79, 188], 'nearly': [70], 'all': [71], 'cases,': [72], 'best': [75, 186], 'rms': [76], 'this': [80], 'set': [81, 134, 149, 151], '∼30–50': [83], 'ns.': [84], 'methods': [87, 145], 'analyzing': [89], 'post-fit': [90], 'presence': [95], 'gravitational': [98, 165], 'wave': [99, 166], 'signal': [100], 'specified': [103], 'spectral': [104], 'shape.': [105], 'These': [106], 'optimally': [107], 'take': [108], 'into': [109], 'account': [110], 'fluctuation': [113], 'power': [114], 'removed': [115], 'by': [116, 180], 'model': [118], 'fit,': [119], 'can': [121], 'be': [122], 'applied': [123], 'to': [124, 132, 137, 146, 150], 'either': [125], 'from': [127], 'single': [129], 'pulsar,': [130], 'or': [131], 'detect': [138], 'correlated': [140], 'signal.': [141], 'apply': [143], 'our': [147], 'upper': [153], 'limit': [154], 'on': [155], 'strength': [157], 'nHz-frequency': [160], 'stochastic': [161], 'supermassive': [162], 'black': [163], 'hole': [164], 'background': [167], 'hc(1': [169], 'yr−1)': [170], '<': [171], '7': [172], '×': [173], '10−15': [174], '(95%).': [175], 'This': [176], 'result': [177], 'is': [178], 'dominated': [179], 'two': [185], 'set,': [190], 'PSRs': [191], 'J1713+0747': [192], 'J1909−3744.': [194]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052440758', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 51}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T09:51:58.393502', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}