Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2052282654', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01140.x', 'title': 'Aortic Regurgitation: Quantitative Methods by Echocardiography', 'display_name': 'Aortic Regurgitation: Quantitative Methods by Echocardiography', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2052282654', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01140.x', 'mag': '2052282654', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10978997'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01140.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S127438345', 'display_name': 'Echocardiography', 'issn_l': '0742-2822', 'issn': ['0742-2822', '1540-8175'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059521676', 'display_name': 'Deborah Ekery', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1286490081', 'display_name': 'Boston Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010b9wj87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1286490081']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'DEBORAH L. EKERY', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Section of Cardiology, Boston University Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Section of Cardiology, Boston University Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1286490081']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084549058', 'display_name': 'Ravin Davidoff', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-5325'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1286490081', 'display_name': 'Boston Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010b9wj87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1286490081']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'RAVIN DAVIDOFF', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Boston Medical Center, boston, Massachusetts'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Boston Medical Center, boston, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1286490081']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3350, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3350, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.27, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 14, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.414226, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '17', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '293', 'last_page': '302'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10172', 'display_name': 'Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10172', 'display_name': 'Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10821', 'display_name': 'Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2705', 'display_name': 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10372', 'display_name': 'Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/regurgitant-fraction', 'display_name': 'Regurgitant fraction', 'score': 0.80549383}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ventricular-outflow-tract', 'display_name': 'Ventricular outflow tract', 'score': 0.6439783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/aortography', 'display_name': 'Aortography', 'score': 0.5207429}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780168065', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930043', 'display_name': 'Regurgitation (circulation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.84417045}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778793143', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930043', 'display_name': 'Regurgitant fraction', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.80549383}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7213429}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164705383', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379', 'display_name': 'Cardiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.701375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777361368', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920318', 'display_name': 'Ventricular outflow tract', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6439783}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.62900805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778921608', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002035', 'display_name': 'Ventricle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5671876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778119558', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4778773', 'display_name': 'Aortography', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5207429}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780346441', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55609890', 'display_name': 'Doppler echocardiography', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5107053}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C194242075', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546776', 'display_name': 'Body orifice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49315828}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142757262', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436', 'display_name': 'Doppler effect', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43546775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41636184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779980429', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101004', 'display_name': 'Aorta', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22756791}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84393581', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642', 'display_name': 'Blood pressure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22303393}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778198053', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754', 'display_name': 'Heart failure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.112817556}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08295861}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.07451108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78085059', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641303', 'display_name': 'Ejection fraction', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57900726', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492905', 'display_name': 'Diastole', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001022', 'descriptor_name': 'Aortic Valve Insufficiency', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015150', 'descriptor_name': 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001022', 'descriptor_name': 'Aortic Valve Insufficiency', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01140.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S127438345', 'display_name': 'Echocardiography', 'issn_l': '0742-2822', 'issn': ['0742-2822', '1540-8175'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10978997', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 41, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1971172161', 'https://openalex.org/W1977011049', 'https://openalex.org/W1977555868', 'https://openalex.org/W1983142129', 'https://openalex.org/W1983232576', 'https://openalex.org/W1984338850', 'https://openalex.org/W1984643880', 'https://openalex.org/W1985154367', 'https://openalex.org/W1986294592', 'https://openalex.org/W1989013018', 'https://openalex.org/W1993295851', 'https://openalex.org/W2003489087', 'https://openalex.org/W2004417058', 'https://openalex.org/W2008177730', 'https://openalex.org/W2009568022', 'https://openalex.org/W2010958918', 'https://openalex.org/W2013031209', 'https://openalex.org/W2021030140', 'https://openalex.org/W2024236986', 'https://openalex.org/W2026524603', 'https://openalex.org/W2033671586', 'https://openalex.org/W2038796678', 'https://openalex.org/W2043734328', 'https://openalex.org/W2050144347', 'https://openalex.org/W2052362924', 'https://openalex.org/W2058474705', 'https://openalex.org/W2059575927', 'https://openalex.org/W2059754388', 'https://openalex.org/W2059784024', 'https://openalex.org/W2066667006', 'https://openalex.org/W2068535819', 'https://openalex.org/W2071506026', 'https://openalex.org/W2073934241', 'https://openalex.org/W2080835756', 'https://openalex.org/W2084702787', 'https://openalex.org/W2087282703', 'https://openalex.org/W2092687305', 'https://openalex.org/W2094748784', 'https://openalex.org/W2097372455', 'https://openalex.org/W2123207687', 'https://openalex.org/W2125249803'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2791113332', 'https://openalex.org/W2439460112', 'https://openalex.org/W2404775750', 'https://openalex.org/W2157319192', 'https://openalex.org/W2128584462', 'https://openalex.org/W2071506026', 'https://openalex.org/W1984643880', 'https://openalex.org/W1980248261', 'https://openalex.org/W1977532176', 'https://openalex.org/W1966333222'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Quantification': [0], 'of': [1, 14, 23, 53, 58, 61, 71, 87, 91, 117, 127, 137, 151, 183, 215, 222, 225], 'aortic': [2, 165], 'regurgitation': [3, 15], '(AR)': [4], 'is': [5, 27, 143, 178, 186, 200, 209], 'a': [6, 30, 179, 213, 219], 'common': [7, 189], 'and': [8, 82, 146, 207], 'difficult': [9], 'clinical': [10], 'problem.': [11], 'The': [12, 80, 115], 'severity': [13, 224], 'has': [16, 44, 158], 'traditionally': [17], 'been': [18, 159], 'estimated': [19], 'with': [20, 113], 'the': [21, 38, 51, 59, 62, 66, 72, 105, 122, 128, 133, 138, 149, 155, 163, 223], 'use': [22, 116, 212], 'contrast': [24], 'aortography,': [25], 'which': [26, 169], 'impractical': [28], 'as': [29, 46, 171], 'screening': [31], 'tool': [32, 49], 'or': [33, 108], 'for': [34, 77], 'serial': [35], 'examinations.': [36], 'In': [37], 'past': [39], 'two': [40], 'decades,': [41], 'Doppler': [42, 56, 89, 98, 119], 'echocardiography': [43, 193], 'emerged': [45], 'an': [47], 'important': [48], 'in': [50, 111, 148, 191], 'quantification': [52, 150], 'AR.': [54, 114, 152, 226], 'Pulsed': [55], 'mapping': [57], 'depth': [60], 'regurgitant': [63, 92, 106, 109, 129, 166], 'jet': [64, 130], 'into': [65], 'left': [67, 139], 'ventricle': [68], 'was': [69], 'one': [70], 'initial': [73], 'echocardiographic': [74, 198], 'methods': [75], 'used': [76, 102, 160], 'this': [78, 177, 184], 'purpose.': [79], 'slope': [81], 'pressure': [83], '(or': [84, 124], 'velocity)': [85], 'half-time': [86], 'continuous-wave': [88], 'profiles': [90], 'jets': [93], 'are': [94], 'also': [95], 'useful.': [96], 'These': [97], 'techniques': [99], 'may': [100], 'be': [101], 'to': [103, 120, 132, 161, 211, 217], 'determine': [104, 162], 'volume': [107], 'fraction': [110], 'patients': [112], 'color': [118], 'measure': [121], 'height': [123, 134], 'cross-sectional': [125], 'area)': [126, 136], 'relative': [131], '(cross-sectional': [135], 'ventricular': [140], 'outflow': [141], 'tract': [142], 'both': [144], 'sensitive': [145], 'specific': [147], 'More': [153], 'recently,': [154], 'continuity': [156], 'principle': [157], 'effective': [164], 'orifice': [167], 'area,': [168], 'increases': [170], 'AR': [172], 'becomes': [173], 'more': [174], 'severe.': [175], 'Although': [176, 195], 'promising': [180], 'tool,': [181], 'calculation': [182], 'value': [185], 'not': [187], 'yet': [188], 'practice': [190], 'most': [192], 'laboratories.': [194], 'no': [196], 'single': [197], 'technique': [199], 'without': [201], 'limitations,': [202], 'all': [203], 'have': [204], 'some': [205], 'validity,': [206], 'it': [208], 'reasonable': [210], 'combination': [214], 'them': [216], 'obtain': [218], 'composite': [220], 'estimate': [221]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052282654', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T22:11:15.997092', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}