Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2050121754', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.74.5.409', 'title': 'THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VIRUS INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM', 'display_name': 'THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VIRUS INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM', 'publication_year': 1941, 'publication_date': '1941-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2050121754', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.74.5.409', 'mag': '2050121754', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19871144', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2135201'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.74.5.409', 'pdf_url': 'https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/74/5/409/1182379/409.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22947807', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Experimental Medicine', 'issn_l': '0022-1007', 'issn': ['0022-1007', '1540-9538'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315676', 'host_organization_name': 'Rockefeller University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315676'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Rockefeller University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/74/5/409/1182379/409.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109328641', 'display_name': 'J. Casals', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130795', 'display_name': 'Institute for Medical Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03bpc5f92', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130795']}], 'countries': ['MY'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. Casals', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['From the Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'From the Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130795']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110114400', 'display_name': 'Ronald Palacios', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130795', 'display_name': 'Institute for Medical Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03bpc5f92', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130795']}], 'countries': ['MY'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Palacios', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['From the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'From the Laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130795']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.667, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 95, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.965517, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '74', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '409', 'last_page': '426'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11780', 'display_name': 'Rabies epidemiology and control', 'score': 0.9663, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2406', 'display_name': 'Virology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11780', 'display_name': 'Rabies epidemiology and control', 'score': 0.9663, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2406', 'display_name': 'Virology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12047', 'display_name': 'Viral Infections and Vectors', 'score': 0.9511, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13201', 'display_name': 'Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis', 'score': 0.9196, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/complement-fixation-test', 'display_name': 'Complement fixation test', 'score': 0.86343646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/encephalomyelitis', 'display_name': 'Encephalomyelitis', 'score': 0.73779184}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C152669594', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904197', 'display_name': 'Complement fixation test', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.86343646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780190958', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1878776', 'display_name': 'Lymphocytic choriomeningitis', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7855392}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777899865', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1634879', 'display_name': 'Encephalomyelitis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.73779184}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83455156', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199615', 'display_name': 'Encephalitis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7301136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159047783', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215', 'display_name': 'Virology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.71642673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522874641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808', 'display_name': 'Virus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5857626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.55376804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776849203', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39222', 'display_name': 'Rabies', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5435519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159654299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460', 'display_name': 'Antibody', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5221301}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32611913', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189', 'display_name': 'Titer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4991455}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.49805284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45189115', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502159', 'display_name': 'Serology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46194252}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C147483822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537', 'display_name': 'Antigen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.40655777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780640218', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277', 'display_name': 'Multiple sclerosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15211093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167672396', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800', 'display_name': 'CD8', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.74.5.409', 'pdf_url': 'https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/74/5/409/1182379/409.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22947807', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Experimental Medicine', 'issn_l': '0022-1007', 'issn': ['0022-1007', '1540-9538'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315676', 'host_organization_name': 'Rockefeller University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315676'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Rockefeller University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2135201', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2135201?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2135201', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19871144', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.74.5.409', 'pdf_url': 'https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/74/5/409/1182379/409.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S22947807', 'display_name': 'The Journal of Experimental Medicine', 'issn_l': '0022-1007', 'issn': ['0022-1007', '1540-9538'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315676', 'host_organization_name': 'Rockefeller University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315676'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Rockefeller University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 2, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1964084563', 'https://openalex.org/W1975719843'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4289958066', 'https://openalex.org/W2979191780', 'https://openalex.org/W2412098508', 'https://openalex.org/W2186752702', 'https://openalex.org/W2171386548', 'https://openalex.org/W2062620257', 'https://openalex.org/W2050233884', 'https://openalex.org/W2004261413', 'https://openalex.org/W1975803895', 'https://openalex.org/W1504949979'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0], 'specific': [1], 'complement': [2], 'fixation': [3], 'test': [4], 'can': [5], 'be': [6], 'obtained': [7], 'in': [8, 34, 50, 149, 154, 159, 177, 180], 'various': [9], 'central': [10], 'nervous': [11], 'system': [12], 'virus': [13, 86], 'infections': [14], 'by': [15], 'using': [16], 'as': [17], 'antigens': [18], 'emulsions': [19], 'of': [20, 53, 74, 80, 84, 91, 93, 130, 132, 162, 191, 202, 218], 'infected': [21], 'brain': [22, 28], 'tissue,': [23], 'freezing': [24], 'and': [25, 30, 71, 111, 117, 167, 206, 222], 'thawing': [26], 'the': [27, 51, 81, 85, 94, 146, 160], 'emulsion,': [29], 'then': [31], 'centrifuging': [32], 'it': [33], 'an': [35, 189, 200], 'angle': [36], 'head': [37], 'centrifuge': [38], 'at': [39, 143], '3500': [40], 'R.P.M.': [41], 'for': [42, 103, 109, 115, 122, 137], '1': [43], 'hour.': [44], 'The': [45, 78], 'method': [46], 'has': [47, 140], 'proved': [48], 'reliable': [49], 'case': [52], 'rabies,': [54], 'St.': [55, 219], 'Louis': [56, 220], 'encephalitis,': [57, 60], 'Japanese': [58], 'B': [59], 'lymphocytic': [61, 223], 'choriomeningitis,': [62, 224], 'Eastern': [63, 203], 'equine': [64, 67, 204, 214], 'encephalomyelitis,': [65, 68, 205], 'Western': [66, 213], 'louping': [69, 192], 'ill,': [70, 193], 'spontaneous': [72], 'encephalomyelitis': [73], 'mice': [75], "(Theiler's": [76], 'disease).': [77], 'specificity': [79], 'reaction,': [82], 'regardless': [83], 'involved,': [87], 'requires': [88], 'different': [89], 'temperatures': [90], 'inactivation': [92, 131], 'sera': [95, 127, 161, 181], 'according': [96], 'to': [97], 'animal': [98], 'species:': [99], '56': [100], 'degrees': [101, 107, 113, 134], 'C.': [102, 108, 114, 135], 'guinea': [104, 164], 'pig,': [105], '60': [106, 133], 'mouse,': [110], '65': [112], 'rabbit': [116], 'dog': [118], 'sera,': [119], 'all': [120], 'heated': [121], '20': [123, 138], 'minutes.': [124], 'For': [125], 'human': [126], 'a': [128], 'temperature': [129, 145], 'also': [136], 'minutes': [139], 'been': [141, 228], 'adopted;': [142], 'this': [144], 'reaction': [147], 'is': [148], 'general': [150], 'specific.': [151], 'Complement-fixing': [152, 173], 'antibodies': [153, 174, 226], 'high': [155, 178], 'titre': [156, 179], 'were': [157, 175], 'found': [158, 229], 'rabbits,': [163], 'pigs,': [165], 'mice,': [166], 'dogs': [168], 'immunized': [169], 'with': [170], 'rabies': [171], 'virus.': [172], 'present': [176], 'drawn': [182], 'from': [183, 194, 207], 'two': [184, 208], 'persons': [185, 196, 209], '8': [186], 'years': [187, 198, 211], 'after': [188, 199, 212, 235], 'attack': [190, 201], 'five': [195], '2(1/2)': [197, 210], 'encephalomyelitis.': [215], 'In': [216], 'cases': [217], 'encephalitis': [221], 'complement-fixing': [225], 'have': [227], 'shortly': [230], 'following': [231], 'infection': [232], 'but': [233], 'not': [234], 'long': [236], 'periods.': [237]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050121754', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T22:18:17.267575', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}