Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2049008862', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/2523653', 'title': 'The Economics of Labor Markets and Labor Relations.', 'display_name': 'The Economics of Labor Markets and Labor Relations.', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2049008862', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/2523653', 'mag': '2049008862'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/2523653', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S192274990', 'display_name': 'ILR Review', 'issn_l': '0019-7939', 'issn': ['0019-7939', '2162-271X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072370604', 'display_name': 'Paul F. Gerhart', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul F. Gerhart', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090464948', 'display_name': 'Bruce E. Kaufman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-0670'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bruce E. Kaufman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.868, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 40, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.926976, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '41', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '322', 'last_page': '322'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10208', 'display_name': 'Labor market dynamics and wage inequality', 'score': 0.435, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10208', 'display_name': 'Labor market dynamics and wage inequality', 'score': 0.435, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11421', 'display_name': 'Labor Movements and Unions', 'score': 0.4197, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3321', 'display_name': 'Public Administration'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/personnel-economics', 'display_name': 'Personnel economics', 'score': 0.7261778}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C85289506', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578748', 'display_name': 'Personnel economics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7261778}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80984254', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608190', 'display_name': 'Labor relations', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.694916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145236788', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161', 'display_name': 'Labour economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.60978425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5648382}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38104776', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932071', 'display_name': 'Industrial relations', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49137607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C72614640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7443850', 'display_name': 'Secondary labor market', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4605057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09335855}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/2523653', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S192274990', 'display_name': 'ILR Review', 'issn_l': '0019-7939', 'issn': ['0019-7939', '2162-271X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.64, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8', 'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W577756945', 'https://openalex.org/W4302061760', 'https://openalex.org/W3215411603', 'https://openalex.org/W3174928312', 'https://openalex.org/W2393542416', 'https://openalex.org/W2357290504', 'https://openalex.org/W2351567506', 'https://openalex.org/W2090232292', 'https://openalex.org/W1576303100', 'https://openalex.org/W1565066324'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2049008862', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-02T02:34:49.980968', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}