Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2048832405', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10163270903087204', 'title': 'The Internet dilemma and control policy: political and economic implications of the Internet in North Korea', 'display_name': 'The Internet dilemma and control policy: political and economic implications of the Internet in North Korea', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2048832405', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10163270903087204', 'mag': '2048832405'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10163270903087204', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164831473', 'display_name': 'Korean Journal of Defense Analysis', 'issn_l': '1016-3271', 'issn': ['1016-3271', '1941-4641'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053442202', 'display_name': 'Kyungmin Ko', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1037-2038'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I83202590', 'display_name': 'Jeju National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05hnb4n85', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I83202590']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kyungmin Ko', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Brain Korea 21, Department of Political Science and Diplomacy , Jeju National University , Jeju City, South Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Brain Korea 21, Department of Political Science and Diplomacy , Jeju National University , Jeju City, South Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I83202590']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100666471', 'display_name': 'Heejin Lee', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-2779'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210151992', 'display_name': 'Korea University of International Studies', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05cx42j02', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210151992']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I193775966', 'display_name': 'Yonsei University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wjejq96', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I193775966']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heejin Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Graduate School of International Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Graduate School of International Studies Yonsei University Seoul South Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210151992', 'https://openalex.org/I193775966']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012678031', 'display_name': 'Seungkwon Jang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1646-4104'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I896994792', 'display_name': 'Sungkonghoe University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04rg3qa61', 'country_code': 'KR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I896994792']}], 'countries': ['KR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Seungkwon Jang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Distribution and Information Science , Sungkonghoe University , Seoul, South Korea'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Distribution and Information Science , Sungkonghoe University , Seoul, South Korea', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I896994792']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.41, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 41, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.927379, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '279', 'last_page': '295'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13337', 'display_name': 'Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies', 'score': 0.991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13337', 'display_name': 'Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies', 'score': 0.991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12221', 'display_name': 'Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies', 'score': 0.9426, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13303', 'display_name': 'Asian Culture and Media Studies', 'score': 0.9408, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3316', 'display_name': 'Cultural Studies'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778496695', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128', 'display_name': 'Dilemma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7944962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110875604', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75', 'display_name': 'The Internet', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6737514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60224736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5242182}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68346564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229', 'display_name': 'Authoritarianism', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.50787383}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138921699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555', 'display_name': 'Political economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42720604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3360418}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32882953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2655993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555826173', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174', 'display_name': 'Democracy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.13645494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.090176046}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/10163270903087204', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S164831473', 'display_name': 'Korean Journal of Defense Analysis', 'issn_l': '1016-3271', 'issn': ['1016-3271', '1941-4641'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.51, 'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 19, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1566842236', 'https://openalex.org/W1567404157', 'https://openalex.org/W1875123366', 'https://openalex.org/W1967064175', 'https://openalex.org/W1975187003', 'https://openalex.org/W2012843030', 'https://openalex.org/W2046088011', 'https://openalex.org/W2052931543', 'https://openalex.org/W2061723558', 'https://openalex.org/W2068391918', 'https://openalex.org/W2078055941', 'https://openalex.org/W2081857447', 'https://openalex.org/W2098524718', 'https://openalex.org/W2542222232', 'https://openalex.org/W2800048123', 'https://openalex.org/W3155384522', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W657726360', 'https://openalex.org/W826614643'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4229875274', 'https://openalex.org/W4225068229', 'https://openalex.org/W3215855702', 'https://openalex.org/W3125926933', 'https://openalex.org/W3082908045', 'https://openalex.org/W2615931598', 'https://openalex.org/W2505912126', 'https://openalex.org/W2183634162', 'https://openalex.org/W2061601489', 'https://openalex.org/W1980950897'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'The': [1, 320, 389, 604, 611, 632, 690, 750, 1047, 1170, 1457, 1545], 'Internet': [2, 36, 67, 79, 97, 139, 153, 252, 281, 293, 393, 468, 605, 624, 715, 743, 751, 808, 826, 855, 879, 893, 906, 943, 959, 978, 1188, 1414, 1492, 1508, 1527, 1615, 1703, 1717, 1726, 1741, 1847], 'poses': [3], 'a': [4, 16, 100, 451, 503, 658, 1034, 1052, 1155, 1476, 1652, 1668, 1865], '“dilemma”': [5], 'to': [6, 15, 30, 41, 73, 99, 113, 147, 177, 246, 262, 291, 502, 513, 1217, 1276, 1494, 1505, 1510, 1525, 1592, 1637, 1661, 1695, 1801, 1923], 'authoritarian': [7, 85], 'countries.': [8], 'While': [9], 'it': [10, 18, 235, 277, 1211, 1714], 'can': [11, 19, 1650, 1692], 'bring': [12], 'economic': [13, 26, 51, 63, 117, 300], 'dynamism': [14], 'country,': [17], 'also': [20, 1031], 'cause': [21], 'political': [22, 28, 61, 194], 'destabilization': [23], 'by': [24, 1564], 'enabling': [25], 'and': [27, 53, 59, 62, 75, 81, 95, 116, 129, 134, 144, 161, 171, 174, 211, 223, 257, 311, 333, 346, 350, 365, 381, 442, 547, 556, 559, 570, 579, 582, 592, 606, 625, 643, 650, 698, 709, 729, 737, 744, 748, 796, 809, 821, 827, 835, 850, 856, 864, 880, 890, 894, 903, 907, 940, 944, 960, 983, 1042, 1097, 1113, 1137, 1164, 1174, 1222, 1237, 1250, 1257, 1274, 1317, 1332, 1340, 1344, 1358, 1362, 1396, 1435, 1465, 1617, 1631, 1663, 1679, 1768, 1784, 1790, 1799, 1818, 1836, 1848, 1871, 1894, 1896, 1903], 'information': [29, 1437, 1629], 'flow': [31], 'freely': [32], 'beyond': [33], 'governmental': [34], 'control.': [35], 'policies': [37], 'vary': [38], 'from': [39, 92, 1197, 1529], 'country': [40, 42], 'depending': [43], 'upon': [44], 'their': [45, 48], 'own': [46], 'strategies,': [47], 'level': [49, 137], 'of': [50, 65, 77, 108, 138, 250, 266, 323, 368, 391, 410, 419, 430, 450, 479, 508, 530, 535, 541, 683, 769, 778, 806, 971, 1005, 1023, 1058, 1072, 1106, 1145, 1192, 1232, 1272, 1330, 1335, 1360, 1394, 1400, 1411, 1424, 1459, 1547, 1710, 1797, 1829], 'development': [52], 'international': [54, 114, 1436], 'politics.': [55], 'This': [56, 1857], 'paper': [57], 'discusses': [58], 'examines': [60], 'implications': [64], 'the': [66, 78, 109, 136, 149, 152, 158, 190, 193, 197, 224, 228, 232, 248, 251, 254, 264, 267, 273, 280, 292, 314, 351, 392, 411, 417, 428, 447, 467, 474, 506, 684, 742, 770, 776, 807, 836, 865, 972, 1015, 1021, 1025, 1038, 1043, 1056, 1059, 1146, 1149, 1180, 1187, 1190, 1198, 1229, 1233, 1327, 1371, 1397, 1401, 1409, 1413, 1416, 1425, 1449, 1491, 1507, 1548, 1565, 1572, 1626, 1635, 1672, 1683, 1696, 1701, 1716, 1872, 1898, 1917], 'in': [68, 71, 84, 209, 214, 253, 286, 298, 313, 317, 325, 413, 416, 421, 427, 493, 516, 519, 552, 575, 627, 654, 667, 687, 689, 693, 746, 755, 772, 775, 830, 859, 882, 897, 910, 947, 962, 975, 1055, 1103, 1148, 1179, 1225, 1279, 1338, 1472, 1542, 1567, 1571, 1588, 1609, 1628, 1655, 1671, 1686, 1718, 1727, 1743, 1746, 1759, 1766, 1770, 1804, 1812, 1826, 1850, 1864, 1888, 1907], 'North': [69, 87, 123, 162, 168, 186, 205, 221, 239, 270, 494, 517, 536, 553, 576, 655, 1002, 1039, 1101, 1140, 1181, 1199, 1234, 1280, 1282, 1363, 1477, 1486, 1543, 1805, 1908], 'Korea': [70, 88, 124, 163, 222, 240, 271, 495, 518, 537, 1008, 1163, 1376, 1487, 1523, 1587, 1811, 1870], 'relation': [72], 'theories': [74], 'notions': [76], 'dilemma': [80], 'control': [82, 244, 284, 1630, 1684, 1712], 'policy': [83, 98, 102, 188, 245, 261], 'regimes.': [86], 'cannot': [89], 'move': [90], 'drastically': [91], 'its': [93, 1495], 'restrictive': [94], 'reactive': [96], 'proactive': [101], 'unless': [103], 'there': [104, 510], 'are': [105, 1166, 1421], 'radical': [106], 'changes': [107], 'regime': [110, 274], 'with': [111, 282, 1475, 1623], 'regard': [112], 'relations': [115], 'development.': [118], 'It': [119, 1207], 'is': [120, 200, 236, 275, 294, 522, 1049, 1177, 1208, 1212, 1448, 1682, 1859], 'expected': [121, 237], 'that': [122, 238, 1226, 1485, 1892], 'will': [125, 175, 218, 241, 278, 1488, 1613, 1620, 1633], 'gradually': [126], 'experiment': [127], 'building': [128], 'using': [130, 1412], 'an': [131, 1473, 1624], 'intranet': [132], 'internally,': [133], 'increase': [135], 'opening': [140], 'while': [141, 288], 'arranging': [142], 'technological': [143], 'institutional': [145], 'measures': [146, 285], 'mitigate': [148], 'risks': [150], 'which': [151, 521, 1030, 1681], 'may': [154], 'cause.': [155], 'Until': [156], 'recently,': [157], 'United': [159, 225], 'States': [160, 226], 'have': [164, 1407, 1614, 1634], 'had': [165], 'rows': [166], 'over': [167], "Korea's": [169, 187, 206, 1003, 1254, 1301, 1364, 1787], 'nuclear': [170, 212], 'missile': [172], 'tests,': [173], 'continue': [176], 'do': [178], 'so': [179], 'for': [180, 401, 473, 657, 753, 921, 980, 1346, 1378, 1415, 1677, 1700], 'some': [181, 283], 'time.': [182], 'These': [183], 'disputes': [184], 'affect': [185], 'regarding': [189], 'Internet.': [191, 268], 'However,': [192, 1064], 'environment': [195], 'surrounding': [196], 'Korean': [198, 1040, 1182, 1200, 1235, 1283, 1336, 1478, 1914], 'peninsula': [199], 'changing': [201], 'very': [202], 'fast.': [203], 'Despite': [204], 'rocket': [207], 'launch': [208], 'April': [210], 'test': [213], 'May': [215], '2009,': [216, 1090], 'dialogue': [217], 'begin': [219], 'between': [220, 1172, 1220], 'under': [227, 1014, 1916], 'Obama': [229], 'administration.': [230], 'Given': [231], 'recent': [233, 659, 1866], 'changes,': [234], 'follow': [242], "Cuba's": [243], 'minimize': [247], 'risk': [249], 'first': [255], 'instance,': [256], 'then': [258], "China's": [259], 'open': [260, 279, 1490], 'maximize': [263], 'value': [265], 'When': [269], 'considers': [272], 'secured,': [276], 'place,': [287], 'free': [289], 'access': [290, 1616, 1694], 'currently': [295], 'allowed': [296], 'only': [297, 1010], 'special': [299], 'zones.': [301], 'Notes': [302], '1.': [303], 'David': [304], 'C.': [305, 383, 599, 798, 823, 852], 'Gompert,': [306], '“Right': [307], 'Makes': [308], 'Might:': [309], 'Freedom': [310], 'Power': [312, 626, 881, 961, 1849], 'Information': [315, 324, 685, 691, 973, 1319], 'Age,”': [316], 'Strategic': [318], 'Appraisal:': [319], 'Changing': [321, 408, 767], 'Role': [322, 409, 768], 'Warfare,': [326], 'ed.': [327, 432, 1833], 'Zalmay': [328], 'Khalilzad,': [329], 'John': [330], 'P.': [331, 361, 1837], 'White,': [332], 'Andrew': [334], 'W.': [335], 'Marshall': [336], '(Santa': [337, 355, 701, 812], 'Monica,': [338, 356, 702, 813], 'CA:': [339, 357, 703, 814], 'RAND,': [340, 358, 704, 815], '1999);': [341], 'Christopher': [342, 1538], 'R.': [343], 'Kedzie,': [344], 'Communication': [345, 497], 'Democracy:': [347], 'Coincident': [348], 'Revolutions': [349], 'Emergent': [352], "Dictator's": [353, 602, 936, 954, 1294, 1936], 'Dilemma': [354, 1256, 1789], '1997);': [359], 'George': [360], 'Shultz,': [362], '“New': [363], 'Realities': [364], 'New': [366], 'Ways': [367], 'Thinking,”': [369], 'Foreign': [370, 785], 'Affairs': [371, 786], '63,': [372], 'no.': [373, 483, 563, 586, 615, 636, 674, 723, 788, 842, 871, 1263, 1287, 1308, 1556, 1579, 1598, 1733, 1929], '4': [374, 1264], '(Spring': [375], '1985):': [376], '705–21.': [377], '2.': [378], 'Shanthi': [379, 819, 848], 'Kalathil': [380, 591, 642, 728, 820, 849, 889, 902, 939], 'Taylor': [382, 598, 822, 851], 'Boas,': [384, 593, 600, 644, 730, 824, 853, 891, 904, 934, 941, 952, 1292, 1934], 'Open': [385, 594, 645, 731, 1506], 'Networks,': [386, 595, 646, 732], 'Closed': [387, 596, 647, 733], 'Regimes:': [388, 832, 861], 'Impact': [390], 'on': [394, 1037, 1189, 1342], 'Authoritarian': [395, 831, 860, 898, 911, 948], 'Rule': [396], '(Washington,': [397], 'D.C.:': [398], 'Carnegie': [399, 838, 867], 'Endowment': [400, 839, 868], 'International': [402, 560, 583], 'Peace,': [403], '2003);': [404, 764], 'Francoise': [405, 433], 'Mengin,': [406, 765], '“The': [407, 463, 601, 623, 766, 825, 854, 878, 892, 905, 935, 942, 953, 958, 1293, 1355, 1725, 1846, 1935], 'State': [412, 771, 828, 857, 895, 908, 945], 'Greater': [414, 773], 'China': [415, 481, 774], 'Age': [418, 429, 777], 'Information,”': [420], 'Cyber': [422], 'China:': [423], 'Reshaping': [424], 'National': [425], 'Identities': [426], 'Information,': [431], 'Mengin': [434], '(New': [435, 454, 1839], 'York:': [436, 455], 'Palgrave': [437], 'Macmillan,': [438], '2004);': [439], 'Jack': [440], 'Goldsmith': [441], 'Tim': [443], 'Wu,': [444], 'Who': [445], 'Controls': [446], 'Internet:': [448, 1873], 'Illusions': [449], 'Borderless': [452], 'World': [453, 1393], 'Oxford': [456], 'University': [457, 762], 'Press,': [458, 763], '2006);': [459, 1752], 'Tamara': [460], 'Renee': [461], 'Shie,': [462], 'Tangled': [464], 'Web:': [465], 'Does': [466], 'Offer': [469], 'Promise': [470], 'or': [471, 1214], 'Peril': [472], 'Chinese': [475, 803, 1611], 'Communist': [476, 1641], 'Party?”': [477], 'Journal': [478], 'Contemporary': [480], '13,': [482, 1884], '40': [484], '(August': [485], '2004):': [486], '523–40.': [487], '3.': [488, 846], 'Kyungmin': [489, 1093, 1246, 1268, 1819], 'Ko,': [490, 1094, 1135, 1247, 1269, 1782, 1794, 1820], 'IT': [491, 558, 581, 1255, 1365, 1788], 'Strategy': [492, 1275, 1800], '(Seoul:': [496, 539], 'Books,': [498], '2004).': [499], '4.': [500], 'According': [501], 'source': [504], 'at': [505, 524, 1020, 1070, 1326, 1370], 'Ministry': [507, 529, 540], 'Unification,': [509, 531, 542, 1347], 'were': [511, 1067], '120,000': [512], '130,000': [514], 'computers': [515], '2001,': [520], 'estimated': [523], '185': [525], 'persons': [526], 'per': [527], 'computer.': [528], '2001': [532], 'Overall': [533], 'Evaluation': [534], 'Economy,': [538], '2001).': [543], '5.': [544], 'Heejin': [545, 568, 1098, 1248, 1814], 'Lee': [546, 569, 649, 1902], 'Jaeho': [548, 571], 'Hwang,': [549, 572, 651, 1904], '“ICT': [550, 573, 652, 1905], 'Development': [551, 561, 574, 584, 653, 1906], 'Korea:': [554, 577, 1568], 'Changes': [555, 578], 'Challenges,”': [557, 580], '2,': [562, 585], '1': [564, 587, 675, 1599], '(2004):': [565, 588], '75–87.': [566, 589], '6.': [567], '7.': [590], 'Regimes;': [597, 648, 734], 'Dilemma?': [603], 'U.S.': [607], 'Policy': [608, 1261, 1731], 'toward': [609], 'Cuba,”': [610], 'Washington': [612, 633], 'Quarterly': [613, 634], '23,': [614], '3': [616, 637], '(Summer': [617, 638], '2000):': [618], '57–67.': [619], '8.': [620], 'Nina': [621, 679, 696, 781], 'Hachigian,': [622, 680, 782, 877, 957, 968, 1644, 1845], 'One-Party': [628, 883, 963, 1851], 'East': [629, 884, 964, 1852], 'Asian': [630, 718, 885, 965, 1553, 1576, 1595, 1853, 1926], 'States,”': [631, 886, 966, 1854], '25,': [635, 926, 1732], '2002):': [639], '41.': [640, 1648], '9.': [641], 'Korea”;': [656], 'example,': [660], 'see': [661, 1218], 'Myroslaw': [662], 'J.': [663], 'Kyj,': [664], '“Internet': [665], 'Use': [666, 805], "Ukraine's": [668], 'Orange': [669], 'Revolution,”': [670], 'Business': [671], 'Horizons': [672], '49,': [673], '(2006):': [676, 1600], '71–80.': [677], '10.': [678], '“Political': [681, 969], 'Implications': [682, 970], 'Revolution': [686, 692, 974], 'Asia,”': [688], 'Asia,': [694, 756, 1771], 'ed.,': [695, 757, 1110, 1772], 'Hachigian': [697], 'Lily': [699], 'Wu': [700], '2003),': [705], '71–2;': [706], 'Hao': [707], 'Xiaoming': [708], 'Chow': [710], 'Seet': [711], 'Kay,': [712], '“Factors': [713], 'Affecting': [714], 'Development:': [716], 'An': [717], 'Survey,”': [719], 'First': [720], 'Monday': [721], '9,': [722], '2': [724, 789, 1288, 1580], '(2004),': [725], 'http://firstmonday/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1118/1038.': [726], '11.': [727], 'Randy': [735], 'Kluver': [736], 'Kack': [738], 'Linchuan': [739], 'Qiu,': [740], '“China,': [741], 'Democracy,”': [745], 'Rhetoric': [747], 'Reality:': [749], 'Challenge': [752], 'Democracy': [754], 'Indrajit': [758], 'Banerjee': [759], '(Singapore:': [760], 'Eastern': [761], 'Information.”': [779], '12.': [780], "“China's": [783, 1645], 'Cyber-Strategy,”': [784, 1646], '80,': [787], '(March/April': [790], '2001):': [791, 1736], '118;': [792], 'Michael': [793], 'S.': [794, 1834], 'Chase': [795], 'James': [797], 'Mulvenon,': [799], "You've": [800], 'Got': [801], 'Dissent!': [802], 'Dissident': [804], "Beijing's": [810], 'Counter-Strategies': [811], '2002),': [816], 'xiii.': [817], '13.': [818], 'Control': [829, 858, 896, 909, 946], 'China,': [833, 862], 'Cuba,': [834, 863], 'Counterrevolution,”': [837, 866], 'Working': [840, 869], 'Papers,': [841, 870], '21': [843, 872], '(July': [844, 873], '2001),': [845, 874], '14.': [847], '3–4.': [875], '15.': [876], '42–3.': [887], '16.': [888, 913], 'Regimes,”': [899, 912, 949], '17.': [900, 901, 950], '18.': [914], 'BBC': [915, 923], 'News,': [916, 924], '“Google': [917], 'Move': [918], '‘Black': [919], 'Day’': [920], 'China,”': [922], 'January': [925, 1453], '2006,': [927], 'http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4647398.stm': [928], '(accessed': [929, 1203, 1749, 1882], 'August': [930, 993, 1204, 1382, 1533], '16,': [931], '2006).': [932], '19.': [933], 'Dilemma.”': [937, 955], '20.': [938], '21.': [951], '22.': [956], '41–58;': [967], 'Asia.”': [976], '23.': [977], 'Corporation': [979], 'Assigned': [981], 'Names': [982], 'Numbers': [984], '(ICANN),': [985], '“Clarification': [986], 'Regarding': [987], '.KP': [988], 'Country': [989], 'Code': [990], 'Top-Level': [991], 'Domain,”': [992], '17,': [994], '2007,': [995, 1880], 'http://www.iana.org/root-whois/kp.htm.': [996], '24.': [997], 'Reporters': [998, 1078, 1084], 'Without': [999], 'Borders': [1000, 1080, 1086], 'reported': [1001], 'registration': [1004], 'ccTLD:': [1006], '“North': [1007, 1082, 1124, 1253, 1300, 1502, 1586, 1786, 1810, 1869], 'has': [1009, 1890], 'two': [1011], 'websites': [1012, 1066, 1176, 1697], 'registered': [1013], 'domain': [1016], 'name': [1017], '‘.kp,’': [1018], 'acquired': [1019], 'end': [1022], '2007:': [1024], 'official': [1026, 1221, 1243, 1398], 'computer': [1027], 'center': [1028, 1685], '(http://www.kcce.kp),': [1029], 'acts': [1032], 'as': [1033, 1051, 1389], 'surveillance': [1035], 'body': [1036], 'network,': [1041], 'government': [1044], 'portal': [1045], '(http://www.naenara.kp).': [1046], 'Web': [1048], 'used': [1050], 'propaganda': [1053, 1230], 'tool': [1054], 'service': [1057], 'Kim': [1060], 'Jong': [1061], 'Il': [1062], 'regime.”': [1063], 'these': [1065], 'not': [1068, 1489], 'traceable': [1069], 'time': [1071], 'writing': [1073], 'this': [1074, 1708], 'article': [1075], '(April': [1076], '2009).': [1077], 'without': [1079, 1085], 'USA,': [1081, 1087], 'Korea,”': [1083, 1102, 1141, 1281, 1806], 'March': [1088, 1429], '12,': [1089], 'http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=26139&Valider=OK.': [1091], '25.': [1092], 'Seungkwon': [1095, 1251], 'Jang,': [1096, 1252, 1785], 'Lee,': [1099, 1138, 1249, 1299, 1783, 1815], '“.kp': [1100, 1139], 'Digital': [1104, 1827], 'Review': [1105, 1285, 1828], 'Asia': [1107, 1830], 'Pacific': [1108, 1831], '2007/2008,': [1109], 'Felix': [1111], 'Librero': [1112], 'Patricia': [1114], 'B.': [1115], 'Arinto': [1116, 1838], '(India:': [1117], 'Sage,': [1118, 1841], '2008),': [1119], '39–40.': [1120, 1142], '26.': [1121], 'JoongAng': [1122, 1128], 'Daily,': [1123, 1129], 'Growing': [1125], 'Computer': [1126], 'Network,”': [1127], 'December': [1130], '5,': [1131, 1751], '2002,': [1132], 'http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=1912016.': [1133], '27.': [1134], 'Jang': [1136, 1817], '28.': [1143], 'Most': [1144], 'sites': [1147, 1224, 1241, 1665], 'Appendix': [1150], 'no': [1151], 'longer': [1152], 'exist.': [1153], 'Only': [1154], 'few': [1156], '(e.g.': [1157], 'Chosun': [1158, 1160, 1480, 1500, 1513, 1520, 1531], 'Tongsin,': [1159], 'Sinbo,': [1161], "People's": [1162, 1823], 'Uriminzokkiri)': [1165], 'still': [1167], 'active.': [1168], '29.': [1169], 'distinction': [1171], '“official”': [1173], '“unofficial”': [1175], 'meaningless': [1178], 'case.': [1183], 'Hiroyasu': [1184], 'Akutsu,': [1185], '“Is': [1186], 'Side': [1191], '‘Rogue': [1193], 'States’?': [1194], 'A': [1195], 'Lesson': [1196], 'Case,”': [1201], 'ifrm.glocom.ac.jp/gii/akutsu19990621en.html': [1202], '3,': [1205, 1516, 1879], '2002).': [1206], 'partly': [1209, 1238], 'because': [1210, 1239], 'more': [1213], 'less': [1215], 'impossible': [1216], 'differences': [1219], 'unofficial': [1223, 1240], 'all': [1227, 1659], 'serve': [1228], 'purposes': [1231], 'regime,': [1236], 'outnumber': [1242], 'sites.': [1244], '30.': [1245], 'Dualist': [1258, 1791], 'Strategy,”': [1259], 'Informatization': [1260], '14,': [1262], '(Winter': [1265], '2007):': [1266, 1885], '87;': [1267], '“A': [1270, 1795], 'Study': [1271, 1796], 'Method': [1273, 1798], 'Build': [1277, 1802], 'e-Government': [1278, 1803], 'Studies': [1284], '7,': [1286, 1534], '(2003):': [1289, 1581], '299–329.': [1290], '31.': [1291], 'Dilemma,”': [1295, 1937], '62.': [1296], '32.': [1297], 'Younghwan': [1298], 'Internet,': [1302], 'Where': [1303], 'Is': [1304], 'It?”': [1305], 'Weekly': [1306], 'Chosun,': [1307], '1621,': [1309], 'September': [1310], '28,': [1311], '2000.': [1312, 1455], '33.': [1313], 'Jaejung': [1314], 'Kwon,': [1315], '“Science': [1316], 'Technological': [1318], 'Service': [1320, 1528], 'System,': [1321], 'Kwang': [1322], 'Myung.”': [1323], 'Paper': [1324, 1368], 'presented': [1325, 1369], '42nd': [1328], 'Conference': [1329], 'Science': [1331, 1343, 1678], 'Technology': [1333, 1345], 'Association': [1334], 'Residents': [1337], 'Japan': [1339], 'Symposiums': [1341], 'Japan,': [1348], 'October': [1349, 1515, 1750], '5–6,': [1350], '2002.': [1351, 1384], '34.': [1352], 'Chanmo': [1353], 'Park,': [1354], 'Present': [1356], 'Situation': [1357], 'Task': [1359], 'South': [1361], 'Industry': [1366], 'Cooperation.”': [1367], '17th': [1372], 'Future': [1373, 1379], 'Strategies': [1374], 'Forum,': [1375], 'Institute': [1377], 'Strategies,': [1380], 'Seoul,': [1381], '24,': [1383], '35.': [1385], 'Government-published': [1386], 'periodicals': [1387], 'such': [1388], 'Kwahakŭi': [1390, 1418, 1427, 1431, 1441], 'Segye': [1391], '(The': [1392], 'Science)': [1395], 'journal': [1399], 'cabinet': [1402], 'Minju': [1403, 1445, 1451], 'Chos[obreve]n': [1404, 1460], '(Democratic': [1405], 'Chos[obreve]n)': [1406], 'advocated': [1408], 'benefits': [1410], 'public.': [1417], 'Segye,': [1419, 1428, 1432, 1442], '“What': [1420, 1447], 'Main': [1422], 'Functions': [1423], 'Internet?”': [1426, 1450], '1996;': [1430, 1444], '“Scientific': [1433], 'research': [1434], 'communication': [1438, 1632], 'network:': [1439], 'Internet,”': [1440], 'February': [1443, 1719, 1878], 'Chos[obreve]n,': [1446, 1452], '21,': [1454], '36.': [1456], 'president': [1458], 'Cheshin': [1461], 'Co.': [1462], '(Chos[obreve]n': [1463], 'Posts': [1464], 'Telecommunications': [1466, 1730], 'Corporation),': [1467], 'Mr': [1468], 'Chol-Poong': [1469], 'Hwang': [1470], 'said': [1471], 'interview': [1474], 'newspaper,': [1479], 'Sinbo': [1481], '(February': [1482], '1,': [1483], '2003)': [1484], 'due': [1493], 'possibly': [1496], 'threatening': [1497], 'national': [1498], 'security.': [1499], 'Iilbo,': [1501, 1514], 'Korea,': [1503], 'Impossible': [1504], 'Due': [1509], 'Regime': [1511], 'Maintenance,”': [1512], '2003,': [1517], 'http://nk.chosun.com/news/news.html?ACT=detail&cat_id=4&res_id=39323&page=2.': [1518], '37.': [1519], 'Ilbo,': [1521, 1532], '“N.': [1522], 'Likely': [1524], 'Provide': [1526], '2009,”': [1530], '2008,': [1535], 'http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200808/200808070011.html.': [1536], '38.': [1537], 'Hale,': [1539], '“Real': [1540], 'Reform': [1541], 'Korea?': [1544], 'Aftermath': [1546], 'July': [1549], '2002': [1550], 'Economic': [1551, 1574], 'Measures,”': [1552], 'Survey': [1554, 1577, 1596, 1927], '45,': [1555], '6': [1557, 1930], '(2005):': [1558], '823–42.': [1559], '39.': [1560], 'Richard': [1561], 'Tait,': [1562], '“Playing': [1563], 'Rules': [1566], 'Lessons': [1569], 'Learned': [1570], 'North–South': [1573], 'Engagement,”': [1575], '43,': [1578], '305–28;': [1582], 'Meredith': [1583], 'Jung-en': [1584], 'Woo,': [1585, 1809], '2005:': [1589], 'Maximizing': [1590], 'Profit': [1591], 'Save': [1593], 'Socialism,”': [1594], '46,': [1597], '49–55.': [1601], '40.': [1602], '“Perhaps': [1603], 'five': [1604], 'years': [1605], 'hence,': [1606], 'when': [1607, 1713], 'one': [1608, 1887], 'ten': [1610], 'citizens': [1612], 'virtually': [1618], 'everyone': [1619], 'know': [1621], 'someone': [1622], 'account,': [1625], 'shift': [1627], 'potential': [1636], 'undermine': [1638], 'CCP': [1639], '[China': [1640], 'Party]': [1642], 'rule.”': [1643], '131–2.': [1647], 'We': [1649], 'find': [1651], 'similar': [1653], 'case': [1654], 'Saudi': [1656, 1690, 1705, 1728, 1744, 1760], 'Arabia': [1657, 1706, 1745, 1761], 'where': [1658], 'connections': [1660], 'domestic': [1662], 'overseas': [1664], 'go': [1666], 'through': [1667], 'proxy': [1669], 'server': [1670], 'KACST': [1673], '(King': [1674], 'Abdulaziz': [1675], 'City': [1676], 'Technology),': [1680], 'Jeddah.': [1687], 'From': [1688, 1920], 'KACST,': [1689], 'authorities': [1691], 'block': [1693], 'deemed': [1698], 'unfit': [1699], "country's": [1702], 'users.': [1704], 'implemented': [1707], 'type': [1709], 'central': [1711], 'opened': [1715], '1999.': [1720], 'See': [1721], 'Khalid': [1722], 'M.': [1723], 'Al-Tawil,': [1724], 'Arabia,”': [1729], '8–9': [1734], '(September': [1735], '625–32;': [1737], 'ONI': [1738], '(OpenNet': [1739], 'Initiative),': [1740], 'Filtering': [1742], '2004,': [1747], 'http://www.opennetinitiative.net/studies/saudi/ONI_Saudi_Arabia_Country_Study.pdf,': [1748], 'Al-Saggaf,': [1753], 'Yeslam,': [1754], '“Exploring': [1755], 'Political': [1756], 'Online': [1757], 'Forums': [1758], 'Through': [1762], 'Thematic': [1763], 'Content': [1764], 'Analysis,”': [1765], 'Computing': [1767], 'Philosophy': [1769], 'Soraj': [1773], 'Hongladarom': [1774], '(Newcastle,': [1775], 'UK:': [1776], 'Cambridge': [1777], 'Scholars': [1778], 'Publishing,': [1779], '2007).': [1780], '42.': [1781], 'Strategy.”': [1792], '43.': [1793], '316–20.': [1807], '44.': [1808, 1855], '2005”;': [1813], 'Sungkwon': [1816], '‘‘Korea,': [1821], 'Democratic': [1822], 'Republic': [1824], 'of,’’': [1825], '2009/2010,': [1832], 'Akhtar': [1835], 'Delhi:': [1840], '2009),': [1842], '229–33.': [1843], '45.': [1844], '46.': [1856], 'concern': [1858], 'nowhere': [1860], 'better': [1861], 'expressed': [1862], 'than': [1863], 'article,': [1867], 'Economist,': [1868, 1877], 'Weird': [1874], 'But': [1875], 'Wired,”': [1876], 'http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8640881': [1881], 'June': [1883], '“No': [1886], 'Pyongyang': [1889], 'forgotten': [1891], 'glasnost': [1893], 'perestroika—openness': [1895], 'transparency—killed': [1897], 'Soviet': [1899], 'Union.”': [1900], '47.': [1901], 'Korea.”': [1909], '48.': [1910], 'Sebastian': [1911], 'Harnisch,': [1912], '“U.S.–North': [1913], 'Relations': [1915], 'Bush': [1918], 'Administration:': [1919], '‘Slow': [1921], 'Go’': [1922], '‘No': [1924], 'Go’,”': [1925], '42,': [1928], '(2002):': [1931], '856–82.': [1932], '49.': [1933], '60.': [1938]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048832405', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T09:49:52.909104', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}