Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2048307198', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91078-7', 'title': 'Inhibition of nitric oxide formation does not protect murine cortical cell cultures from N-methyl-d-aspartate neurotoxicity', 'display_name': 'Inhibition of nitric oxide formation does not protect murine cortical cell cultures from N-methyl-d-aspartate neurotoxicity', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2048307198', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91078-7', 'mag': '2048307198', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8275317'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91078-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96638545', 'display_name': 'Brain Research', 'issn_l': '0006-8993', 'issn': ['0006-8993', '1872-6240'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012317445', 'display_name': 'Sandra J. Hewett', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2987-3791'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204465549', 'display_name': 'Washington University in St. Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01yc7t268', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S J Hewett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007749593', 'display_name': 'John A. Corbett', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-4664'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J A Corbett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5038804449', 'display_name': 'Michael L. McDaniel', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M L McDaniel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066110360', 'display_name': 'Dennis W. Choi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-488X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D W Choi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3080, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3080, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 7.407, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 73, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.786294, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '625', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '337', 'last_page': '341'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10155', 'display_name': 'Role of Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10155', 'display_name': 'Role of Nitric Oxide in Health and Disease', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10077', 'display_name': 'Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity and Neurological Disorders', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10493', 'display_name': 'Molecular Mechanisms of Ion Channels Regulation', 'score': 0.9935, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotoxicity', 'display_name': 'Neurotoxicity', 'score': 0.92960984}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptors', 'display_name': 'NMDA Receptors', 'score': 0.521564}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779491297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338704', 'display_name': 'Neurotoxicity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.92960984}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67018056', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414896', 'display_name': 'NMDA receptor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9207299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C519581460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843', 'display_name': 'Nitric oxide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.82164854}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777622882', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417619', 'display_name': 'Nitric oxide synthase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5676703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31573885', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484', 'display_name': 'Programmed cell death', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5537982}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61174792', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510', 'display_name': 'Glutamate receptor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5309427}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5159593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777468819', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173670', 'display_name': 'Arginine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4710892}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778122271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410943', 'display_name': 'Receptor antagonist', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47005165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44776565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40764564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776885963', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245204', 'display_name': 'Antagonist', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.40401846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3893318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37625757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29730261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160', 'display_name': 'Toxicity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.29002362}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20991728}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190283241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311', 'display_name': 'Apoptosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10212967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C515207424', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066', 'display_name': 'Amino acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.05767274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002540', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebral Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016202', 'descriptor_name': 'N-Methylaspartate', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009569', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitric Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000096', 'qualifier_name': 'biosynthesis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001120', 'descriptor_name': 'Arginine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001120', 'descriptor_name': 'Arginine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000031', 'qualifier_name': 'analogs & derivatives', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001120', 'descriptor_name': 'Arginine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016923', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Death', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016923', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Death', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002478', 'descriptor_name': 'Cells, Cultured', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002540', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebral Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002540', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebral Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002540', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebral Cortex', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000166', 'qualifier_name': 'cytology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006152', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclic GMP', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000096', 'qualifier_name': 'biosynthesis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006152', 'descriptor_name': 'Cyclic GMP', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003917', 'descriptor_name': 'Dextrorphan', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003917', 'descriptor_name': 'Dextrorphan', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016202', 'descriptor_name': 'N-Methylaspartate', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000037', 'qualifier_name': 'antagonists & inhibitors', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016202', 'descriptor_name': 'N-Methylaspartate', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009569', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitric Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009569', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitric Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000037', 'qualifier_name': 'antagonists & inhibitors', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009569', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitric Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019335', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitroarginine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019323', 'descriptor_name': 'omega-N-Methylarginine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91078-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96638545', 'display_name': 'Brain Research', 'issn_l': '0006-8993', 'issn': ['0006-8993', '1872-6240'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8275317', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.56}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 30, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W107648938', 'https://openalex.org/W1552073493', 'https://openalex.org/W157207490', 'https://openalex.org/W1594710697', 'https://openalex.org/W1929009802', 'https://openalex.org/W1987499931', 'https://openalex.org/W1988726352', 'https://openalex.org/W1997075816', 'https://openalex.org/W2003292990', 'https://openalex.org/W2020819625', 'https://openalex.org/W2024862570', 'https://openalex.org/W2028676745', 'https://openalex.org/W2029545906', 'https://openalex.org/W2042059481', 'https://openalex.org/W2047632293', 'https://openalex.org/W2047843548', 'https://openalex.org/W2049619207', 'https://openalex.org/W2051031104', 'https://openalex.org/W2051106202', 'https://openalex.org/W2058137293', 'https://openalex.org/W2062913032', 'https://openalex.org/W2073167767', 'https://openalex.org/W2075068003', 'https://openalex.org/W2076211518', 'https://openalex.org/W2085327871', 'https://openalex.org/W2087182196', 'https://openalex.org/W2160348025', 'https://openalex.org/W2401570614', 'https://openalex.org/W2409856369', 'https://openalex.org/W57978968'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W400182687', 'https://openalex.org/W3022336324', 'https://openalex.org/W2547701664', 'https://openalex.org/W2055396424', 'https://openalex.org/W2048307198', 'https://openalex.org/W2042516624', 'https://openalex.org/W2034337797', 'https://openalex.org/W2025958644', 'https://openalex.org/W1985971810', 'https://openalex.org/W180781197'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0], 'examined': [1], 'the': [2, 25, 57, 75], 'role': [3], 'of': [4, 77], 'nitric': [5, 78], 'oxide': [6, 79], 'in': [7, 12], 'N-methyl-d-aspartate': [8], '(NMDA)': [9], 'receptor-mediated': [10, 83], 'neurotoxicity': [11], 'rat': [13, 21], 'and': [14, 22, 67], 'mouse': [15, 23], 'primary': [16], 'cortical': [17], 'cell': [18, 36, 68], 'cultures.': [19], 'In': [20, 55], 'cultures,': [24], 'NO': [26], 'synthase': [27], 'inhibitor,': [28], 'NG-Nitro-l-arginine,': [29], 'blocked': [30], 'cGMP': [31, 65], 'formation': [32, 66], 'but': [33], 'not': [34, 92], 'neuronal': [35, 53], 'death': [37], 'following': [38], 'a': [39], '5–10': [40], 'min': [41], 'exposure': [42], 'to': [43, 51], '300–500': [44], 'μM': [45], 'NMDA.': [46], 'NG-Monomethyl-l-arginine': [47], 'was': [48], 'also': [49], 'unable': [50], 'prevent': [52], 'death.': [54, 69], 'contrast,': [56], 'non-competitive': [58], 'NMDA': [59, 82], 'receptor': [60], 'antagonist,': [61], 'dextrophan,': [62], 'prevented': [63], 'both': [64], 'While': [70], 'other': [71], 'data': [72], 'suggest': [73, 87], 'that': [74, 88], 'synthesis': [76, 90], 'can': [80], 'mediate': [81], 'neurotoxicity,': [84], 'present': [85], 'results': [86], 'such': [89], 'is': [91], 'necessarily': [93], 'required.': [94]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048307198', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-15T12:41:05.407350', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}