Publication Information

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2645, 2690, 2719, 2733, 2756, 2796, 2821, 2948, 3011, 3021, 3123, 3144, 3209, 3240, 3289, 3307, 3310, 3353, 3364, 3389, 3411, 3500, 3523, 3581, 3600, 3612, 3639, 3657, 3744, 3789, 3819, 3825, 3848, 3894, 3919, 3979, 3993, 4012, 4045, 4047, 4058, 4062, 4066, 4069, 4071, 4148, 4163, 4201, 4203, 4231, 4271, 4307, 4353, 4387, 4411], 'catalytic': [11, 207, 220, 416, 2048, 2453], 'properties': [12, 221], 'of': [13, 22, 25, 40, 53, 90, 104, 115, 151, 161, 173, 196, 222, 231, 234, 249, 262, 299, 313, 324, 360, 370, 382, 405, 428, 459, 478, 563, 574, 678, 684, 753, 857, 864, 935, 959, 1029, 1036, 1148, 1156, 1182, 1286, 1373, 1401, 1504, 1642, 1677, 1697, 1753, 1764, 1776, 1788, 1879, 1940, 1987, 2053, 2154, 2167, 2179, 2190, 2302, 2305, 2326, 2414, 2426, 2462, 2477, 2495, 2693, 2746, 2812, 2823, 2832, 2853, 2883, 2905, 2915, 2930, 2942, 2972, 3007, 3017, 3023, 3066, 3082, 3151, 3167, 3185, 3235, 3312, 3424, 3431, 3508, 3518, 3541, 3555, 3592, 3605, 3627, 3655, 3662, 3667, 3670, 3702, 3763, 3772, 3798, 3801, 3836, 3844, 3846, 3852, 3859, 3933, 3947, 3959, 3962, 3968, 3999, 4002, 4024, 4043, 4082, 4088, 4125, 4146, 4169, 4182, 4188, 4218, 4268, 4305, 4321, 4377, 4392], 'nonribosomal': [14, 54, 197, 223, 263, 406, 421, 2327, 2415, 2472], 'peptide': [15, 42, 55, 198, 224, 251, 264, 407, 463, 487, 504, 565, 679, 1384, 1509, 1575, 1683, 1698, 1765, 1775, 1964, 2155, 2186, 2313, 2328, 2416, 2473, 2479, 2954, 3008, 3494, 3544, 3861], 'synthetases.': [16, 225], 'However,': [17, 226, 1972], 'molecular': [18, 227, 451, 878], 'biochemical': [20, 229], 'aspects': [21, 230, 860], 'condensation': [24, 175, 181, 188, 233, 384, 390, 397, 1206, 1666, 1717, 1862, 1942, 2442, 2448, 3952, 4027], 'two': [26, 92, 153, 235, 301, 362, 1881, 2182], 'aminoacyl': [27, 34, 236, 243], 'substrates': [28, 237], 'or': [29, 238, 500, 510, 1140, 1180, 1205, 1581, 1640, 1665, 2487, 3883, 3905], 'a': [30, 41, 62, 75, 95, 112, 140, 159, 165, 168, 206, 239, 250, 271, 284, 304, 321, 349, 368, 374, 377, 415, 425, 475, 1019, 1145, 1379, 1383, 1402, 1410, 1570, 1720, 1751, 1871, 1976, 2231, 2303, 2408, 2440, 2452, 2797, 2803, 2809, 2927, 2977, 3067, 3370, 3628, 3689, 3856, 3869, 4025, 4079, 4179, 4254, 4276, 4297, 4318, 4343, 4383, 4388, 4399], 'peptidyl': [31, 240, 1141, 1293], 'an': [33, 57, 242, 266, 1030, 1287, 1420, 1513, 1868, 2788, 4396], 'substrate,': [35, 244], 'leading': [36, 245], 'to': [37, 80, 101, 144, 190, 246, 289, 310, 353, 399, 423, 569, 695, 743, 942, 1136, 1281, 1328, 1378, 1500, 1515, 1537, 1566, 1672, 1769, 1784, 1810, 1856, 1866, 1959, 2044, 2150, 2198, 2210, 2222, 2230, 2321, 2410, 2439, 2470, 2485, 2758, 2801, 2938, 3108, 3381, 3510, 3522, 3536, 3698, 3786, 3965, 3986, 4078, 4093, 4121, 4138, 4160, 4223, 4334, 4346, 4398], 'formation': [39, 64, 103, 200, 248, 273, 312, 409, 1700, 2157, 3520, 3697, 3835, 4019], 'bond,': [43, 252], 'have': [44, 253, 691, 740, 872, 1686, 1705, 1768, 2406], 'remained': [45, 254, 873], 'essentially': [46, 255, 874], 'impenetrable.': [47, 256], 'To': [48, 257, 2848, 3341, 3854], 'investigate': [49, 258, 2322, 2471], 'this': [50, 259, 1495, 1724, 2403, 2879], 'crucial': [51, 260, 568], 'part': [52, 261, 1752, 2461], 'synthesis,': [56, 265, 1531], 'in': [58, 167, 193, 267, 376, 402, 673, 952, 1026, 1409, 1494, 1512, 1562, 1690, 1759, 1803, 1950, 2050, 2171, 2200, 2236, 2546, 2655, 2710, 2850, 2936, 3071, 3346, 3488, 3526, 3659, 3734, 3887, 3909, 3971, 3976, 4034, 4100, 4107, 4178, 4215, 4233, 4266, 4338, 4350, 4367, 4374, 4406], 'vitro': [59, 268, 3429, 3527], 'assay': [60, 269, 3126, 3393, 3489, 3735, 3757, 3888, 3910, 4031], 'for': [61, 270, 582, 974, 1723, 1772, 1874, 1938, 2311, 2525, 2663, 2959, 3182, 3195, 3199, 3203, 3207, 3212, 3617, 3874, 4103, 4109, 4359], 'dipeptide': [63, 117, 272, 326, 3838], 'was': [65, 124, 155, 274, 333, 364, 2508, 2653, 2741, 2876, 2909, 3027, 3230, 3249, 3283, 3302, 3316, 3351, 3418, 3435, 3513, 3533, 3587, 3646, 3681, 3707, 3758, 3792, 3829, 3839, 3871, 3885, 3907, 3928, 3942, 3954, 4010, 4037, 4091, 4195, 4243, 4315, 4380], 'developed.': [66, 275], 'Two': [67, 276], 'recombinant': [68, 277, 738, 2216, 2331, 2695, 3019, 3084, 3119, 3314, 3543], 'holomodules,': [69, 278], 'GrsA': [70, 279, 1187, 1647, 3847, 4084], '(PheATE),': [71, 280], 'providing': [72, 281], 'd-Phe,': [73, 282], 'C-terminally': [76, 285], 'truncated': [77, 286, 2488, 4041], 'TycB,': [78, 287, 1193, 1653], 'corresponding': [79, 288, 2484, 2793], 'first,': [82, 291], 'l-Pro-incorporating': [83, 292], 'module': [84, 293, 1416, 1503, 1796, 3851], '(ProCAT),': [85, 294], 'were': [86, 295, 2219, 2490, 2528, 2539, 2631, 2661, 2754, 2836, 2957, 3121, 3175, 3387, 3621, 3778, 3809, 3991, 4056, 4131, 4158, 4176, 4213, 4264], 'investigated.': [87, 296], 'Upon': [88, 297, 1558], 'combination': [89, 298], 'aminoacylated': [93, 302], 'modules,': [94, 303, 936, 2857], 'fast': [96, 305], 'reaction': [97, 306, 1622, 1696, 2056, 2153, 2425, 3532, 3586, 3791, 3953], 'is': [98, 307, 567, 1133, 1278, 1386, 1407, 1561, 1748, 1945, 2165, 2420, 2460], 'observed,': [99, 308], 'due': [100, 309, 2229], 'linear': [106, 315, 1574, 1774, 4331, 4344], 'dipeptided-Phe-l-Pro-S-enzyme': [107, 316], 'on': [108, 317, 876, 1493, 2422, 2976, 3811, 4021, 4253, 4296, 4382], 'ProCAT,': [109, 318, 1174, 1634, 3204, 3902], 'followed': [110, 319, 4341], 'by': [111, 126, 320, 335, 457, 498, 681, 1144, 1371, 1569, 1682, 2160, 2436, 2743, 2838, 3088, 3515, 3589, 3623, 3648, 3683, 3760, 3795, 3832, 3930, 3944, 3956, 3996, 4142, 4198, 4245, 4251, 4273, 4342], 'noncatalyzed': [113, 322], 'release': [114, 323], 'from': [118, 327, 1497, 1518, 1793, 2492, 2534, 3232, 3369, 3754, 3784, 3984, 4136], 'enzyme.': [120, 329, 3584], 'The': [121, 330, 491, 689, 949, 1015, 1276, 2536, 2738, 2751, 2780, 2816, 3064, 3214, 3280, 3297, 3384, 3506, 3529, 3585, 3756, 3807, 3834, 3951, 4029, 4053, 4097, 4155, 4311], 'liberated': [122, 331], 'product': [123, 332, 961, 2795], 'identified': [125, 334, 1714], 'TLC,': [127, 336, 4199], 'high': [128, 337, 1626], 'pressure': [129, 338, 1170, 1627], 'liquid': [130, 339, 1171, 1623, 1628, 3671, 3684, 3692], 'chromatography-mass': [131, 340], 'spectrometry,': [132, 341], '1H': [133, 342, 4202], '13C': [135, 344, 4204], 'NMR,': [136, 345], 'comparison': [138, 347], 'with': [139, 201, 348, 410, 436, 699, 955, 1152, 1761, 2318, 2530, 2633, 2641, 2784, 3163, 3286, 3652, 3821, 3864, 4040, 4048, 4151, 4166], 'chemically': [141, 350], 'synthesized': [142, 351, 456], 'standard': [143, 352], 'be': [145, 191, 354, 400, 495, 507, 968, 1567, 1578, 1770, 1811, 2223, 3106, 3158, 3379], 'expectedd-Phe-l-Pro': [147, 356], 'diketopiperazine.': [148, 357], 'Further': [149, 358], 'minimization': [150, 359], 'modules': [154, 363, 950, 1756, 1789, 1804, 1883, 2486, 2489], 'not': [156, 365, 468, 1706, 2221], 'possible': [157, 366, 1968], 'without': [158, 367], 'loss': [160, 369, 3166], 'transfer': [162, 371], 'activity.': [163, 372], 'Likewise,': [164, 373], 'mutation': [166, 375, 2800, 2831], 'proposed': [169, 378], 'active-site': [170, 379, 1985], 'motif': [171, 380, 1978, 1986, 2459], '(HHXXXDG)': [172, 381], 'domain': [176, 189, 385, 398, 748, 1017, 1139, 1197, 1200, 1203, 1207, 1657, 1660, 1663, 1667, 1718, 1747, 1943, 2449], 'giving': [177, 386], 'ProCAT(H147V),': [178, 387], 'abolished': [179, 388], 'reaction.': [182, 391], 'These': [183, 392, 449], 'results': [184, 393, 690, 3070, 4098], 'strongly': [185, 394], 'suggest': [186, 395], 'involved': [192, 401], 'catalysis': [195, 404], 'bond': [199, 408, 1385, 1699, 2156, 2417, 2474, 4018], 'histidine': [203, 412, 2040], '147': [204, 413], 'playing': [205, 414], 'role.': [208, 417], 'Microorganisms': [418], 'use': [419], 'pathway': [422], 'synthesize': [424], 'large': [426, 476, 2201], 'group': [427, 1151, 1392, 1400], 'structurally': [429], 'diverse': [430], 'often': [432], 'complex': [433, 572, 1540, 2324], 'secondary': [434, 2192], 'metabolites': [435], 'biological': [437, 700], 'activities,': [438], 'including': [439, 2308], 'antibiotics,': [440], 'siderophores,': [441], 'biosurfactants,': [442], 'immunosuppressants,': [443], 'antitumor': [445], 'antiviral': [447], 'agents.': [448], 'low': [450], 'weight': [452], 'peptide-based': [453], 'compounds': [454, 585], 'are': [455, 933, 951, 1781, 1801, 1864, 2158, 2188, 4105], 'means': [458], 'multifunctional': [460], 'enzymes,': [461, 2037], 'synthetases,': [464, 1684, 2314], 'which': [465, 937, 1406, 1560, 2194, 2652], 'can': [466, 494, 506, 967, 1576], 'recruit': [467], 'only': [469], 'proteogenic': [470], 'amino': [471, 480, 1021, 1396, 1404, 1521, 1948, 3074, 3579, 3704, 3767, 3867, 3936], 'acids': [472, 481, 484, 1949], 'but': [473, 2432], 'also': [474, 1577], 'number': [477, 1763], 'unusual': [479], 'hydroxy': [483], 'that': [485, 1767, 1982, 2446, 2456, 2807], 'form': [486, 1028, 4094], 'ester': [489, 3813], 'bonds.': [490], 'incorporated': [492, 1812], 'constituents': [493], 'further': [496, 4196], 'altered': [497], 'epimerization': [499, 1202, 1662], 'N-methylation,': [501], 'backbone': [505], 'acylated,': [508], 'glycosylated,': [509], 'cyclized': [511], '(1Marahiel': [512, 586, 880, 979, 1583, 1818, 1999], 'M.A.': [513, 548, 587, 603, 622, 637, 654, 710, 725, 761, 775, 787, 807, 839, 881, 918, 980, 998, 1041, 1061, 1075, 1212, 1240, 1262, 1307, 1445, 1584, 1819, 1887, 2000, 2243, 2336, 2360, 2867, 2890, 3036, 3050, 3327, 3451, 3718], 'Stachelhaus': [514, 588, 634, 722, 836, 882, 981, 1072, 1585, 1820, 2001, 2864, 2887], 'T.': [515, 589, 618, 635, 650, 706, 723, 757, 785, 837, 883, 982, 996, 1039, 1073, 1115, 1210, 1232, 1258, 1335, 1459, 1586, 1821, 1901, 2002, 2241, 2672, 2865, 2888, 3046, 3323, 3714], 'Mootz': [516, 590, 884, 983, 1587, 1822, 2003], 'H.D.': [517, 591, 805, 885, 916, 984, 1059, 1443, 1588, 1823, 1885, 2004, 2334, 3034], 'Chem.': [518, 537, 549, 592, 604, 790, 886, 905, 921, 985, 1001, 1044, 1215, 1247, 1263, 1314, 1354, 1432, 1448, 1478, 1589, 1608, 1824, 1890, 1920, 2005, 2130, 2246, 2286, 2339, 2367, 2392, 3051, 3328, 3458, 3719], 'Rev.': [519, 538, 593, 887, 906, 986, 1433, 1590, 1609, 1825, 2006, 2061], '1997;': [520, 539, 551, 594, 606, 810, 844, 888, 907, 923, 987, 1064, 1080, 1434, 1450, 1591, 1610, 1826, 1892, 2007, 2288, 2341, 2394, 3039], '97:': [521, 540, 595, 889, 908, 988, 1435, 1592, 1611, 1827, 2008], '2651-2673Crossref': [522, 596, 890, 989, 1593, 1828, 2009], 'PubMed': [523, 542, 557, 597, 612, 627, 644, 660, 715, 732, 767, 781, 799, 813, 829, 847, 891, 910, 926, 990, 1010, 1053, 1067, 1083, 1105, 1124, 1224, 1254, 1271, 1322, 1363, 1437, 1453, 1487, 1553, 1594, 1613, 1829, 1895, 1929, 2010, 2066, 2079, 2095, 2119, 2137, 2255, 2273, 2294, 2344, 2375, 2397, 2873, 2896, 2997, 3042, 3059, 3098, 3336, 3466, 3483, 3727], 'Scopus': [524, 543, 558, 598, 613, 628, 645, 661, 716, 733, 768, 800, 830, 848, 892, 911, 927, 991, 1011, 1054, 1084, 1106, 1125, 1225, 1272, 1323, 1364, 1438, 1454, 1488, 1554, 1595, 1614, 1830, 1896, 1930, 2011, 2067, 2080, 2096, 2120, 2256, 2274, 2295, 2345, 2376, 2398, 2998, 3060, 3099, 3337, 3467, 3484, 3728], '(925)': [525, 599, 893, 992, 1596, 1831, 2012], 'Google': [526, 545, 560, 600, 615, 630, 647, 663, 718, 735, 770, 782, 802, 814, 832, 850, 894, 913, 929, 993, 1013, 1056, 1068, 1086, 1108, 1127, 1227, 1255, 1274, 1325, 1366, 1440, 1456, 1490, 1556, 1597, 1616, 1744, 1832, 1852, 1898, 1932, 2013, 2033, 2069, 2082, 2098, 2122, 2138, 2258, 2276, 2297, 2347, 2378, 2400, 2874, 2897, 3000, 3043, 3062, 3101, 3339, 3469, 3486, 3730], 'Scholar,': [527, 546, 601, 616, 631, 648, 719, 771, 783, 803, 815, 833, 895, 914, 994, 1057, 1069, 1087, 1228, 1256, 1441, 1457, 1598, 1833, 1899, 2014, 2070, 2083, 2099, 2123, 2139, 2259, 2277, 2348, 2379, 3044, 3470], '2von': [528, 896, 1599], 'Döhren': [529, 821, 897, 1096, 1424, 1600, 2265], 'H.': [530, 822, 824, 898, 1094, 1097, 1099, 1425, 1544, 1601, 2266, 2268], 'Keller': [531, 899, 1426, 1602], 'U.': [532, 900, 1427, 1603], 'Vater': [533, 901, 1235, 1336, 1428, 1460, 1604, 1902], 'J.': [534, 776, 788, 808, 843, 902, 999, 1042, 1062, 1079, 1118, 1213, 1236, 1245, 1337, 1352, 1429, 1461, 1476, 1605, 1903, 1918, 2073, 2091, 2128, 2244, 2279, 2668, 2868, 2891, 3037], 'Zocher': [535, 903, 1116, 1430, 1606], 'R.': [536, 904, 1089, 1112, 1117, 1309, 1349, 1431, 1473, 1542, 1607, 1734, 1842, 1915, 2023, 2362, 3453], '2675-2705Crossref': [541, 909, 1436, 1612], '(205)': [544, 912, 1439, 1615], '3Marahiel': [547, 602], 'Biol.': [550, 605, 789, 922, 1000, 1043, 1120, 1214, 1246, 1264, 1315, 1353, 1449, 1477, 1891, 1919, 2075, 2129, 2245, 2287, 2340, 2368, 2393, 3052, 3329, 3459, 3720], '4:': [552, 607, 2289], '561-567Abstract': [553, 608], 'Full': [554, 609, 794, 796, 1005, 1007, 1048, 1050, 1219, 1221, 1251, 1268, 1319, 1358, 1360, 1482, 1484, 1924, 1926, 2134, 2250, 2252, 2291, 2372, 3056, 3333, 3463, 3724], 'Text': [555, 610, 795, 797, 1006, 1008, 1049, 1051, 1220, 1222, 1252, 1269, 1320, 1359, 1361, 1483, 1485, 1925, 1927, 2135, 2251, 2253, 2292, 2373, 3057, 3334, 3464, 3725], 'PDF': [556, 611, 798, 1009, 1052, 1223, 1253, 1270, 1321, 1362, 1486, 1928, 2136, 2254, 2293, 2374, 3058, 3335, 3465, 3726], '(107)': [559, 614], 'Scholar).': [561, 664, 736, 851, 930, 1014, 1128, 1275, 1326, 1491, 1557, 1617, 1745, 1853, 1933, 2034, 2148, 2298, 2401, 2708, 3001, 3063, 3340, 3731], 'Study': [562], 'synthetases': [566, 680, 871, 932, 1965, 2187], 'understanding': [570], 'biosynthesis': [573], 'bioactive': [575], 'peptides': [576], 'should': [578], 'produce': [579], 'useful': [580], 'tools': [581, 2320], 'synthesizing': [583], 'novel': [584, 697], '4Stachelhaus': [617], 'Schneider': [619, 651, 707, 758], 'A.': [620, 633, 652, 708, 721, 759, 1110, 1260, 1341, 1465, 1907, 2101, 2112, 2125, 3048, 3325, 3716], 'Marahiel': [621, 636, 653, 709, 724, 760, 774, 786, 806, 838, 917, 997, 1040, 1060, 1074, 1211, 1239, 1261, 1306, 1444, 1886, 2242, 2335, 2359, 2866, 2889, 3035, 3049, 3326, 3450, 3717], 'Science.': [623, 711, 2115], '1995;': [624, 712, 791, 826, 1002, 1045, 1102, 1216, 1741, 1849, 2030, 2247, 2270], '269:': [625, 713], '69-72Crossref': [626, 714], '(266)': [629, 717], '5Schneider': [632, 720], 'Mol.': [638, 726, 1119, 2074], 'Gen.': [639, 727], 'Genet.': [640, 728], '1998;': [641, 729, 3480], '257:': [642, 730], '308-318Crossref': [643, 731], '(102)': [646, 734], '6Stachelhaus': [649], 'Biochem.': [655, 762, 2062, 2090], 'Pharmacol.': [656, 763], '1996;': [657, 764, 1265, 1316, 1355, 1479, 1921, 2369, 3053, 3330, 3460, 3721], '52:': [658, 765], '177-186Crossref': [659, 766], '(58)': [662, 769], 'In': [665, 1669, 2402, 2468, 3428, 4119], 'recent': [666, 2300], 'years,': [667], 'progress': [669], 'made': [672], 'elucidating': [674], 'structure': [677, 958], 'sequencing': [682, 2839], 'several': [683, 3171], 'biosynthetic': [686], 'gene': [687, 2794, 2901, 2971, 3217], 'clusters.': [688], 'already': [692], 'enabled': [693], 'us': [694, 2317], 'create': [696], 'products': [698, 2630], 'activity': [701, 2235, 3168, 3540], 'through': [702], 'genetic': [703], 'engineering': [704], '(4Stachelhaus': [705], 'Also,': [737], 'proteins': [739, 2332, 3026, 3104, 3120, 3156, 3187, 4090], 'utilized': [742, 2540], 'gain': [744], 'architecture': [749], 'mechanisms': [752, 2325], 'substrate': [754, 1020, 1132], 'activation': [755], '(6Stachelhaus': [756], '7Gocht': [772], 'M.': [773, 819, 1238, 1305, 1347, 1471, 1913, 2263, 2358, 3449], 'Bacteriol.': [777, 809, 1063, 2869, 2892, 3038], '1994;': [778, 1121, 2145, 2870, 2893], '176:': [779, 2871, 2894], '2654-2662Crossref': [780], '8Stachelhaus': [784, 995], '270:': [792, 1003, 1046, 1217, 2248], '6163-6169Abstract': [793, 1004, 1047, 1218, 2249], '(140)': [801, 1012, 1055, 1226, 2257], '9Mootz': [804, 1058], '179:': [811, 1065, 3040], '6843-6850Crossref': [812, 1066, 3041], '10Pfeifer': [816, 2260], 'E.': [817, 835, 1071, 2105, 2261, 2963], 'Pavela-Vrancic': [818, 2262], 'von': [820, 1095, 1113, 2264], 'Kleinkauf': [823, 1098, 1543, 2267], 'Biochemistry.': [825, 1549, 2269, 3479], '34:': [827, 2271], '7450-7459Crossref': [828, 2272], '(52)': [831, 2275], '11Conti': [834, 1070], 'Brick': [840, 1076], 'P.': [841, 1077, 1303, 1345, 1469, 1730, 1838, 1911, 2019, 2356, 3447, 3478], 'EMBO': [842, 1078], '16:': [845, 1081], '4174-4183Crossref': [846, 1082], '(588)': [849, 1085], 'On': [852, 2212], 'other': [854, 1962, 2214], 'hand,': [855, 2215], 'most': [856, 1563], 'mechanistic': [859, 1675], 'underlying': [861], 'processes': [863], 'condensation,': [865], 'epimerization,': [866], 'termination': [867], 'interaction': [869, 2178], 'between': [870, 1388, 2819], 'elusive': [875], 'level': [879], '12Mootz': [915, 1442], 'Curr.': [919, 1446, 1888, 2337, 2390], 'Opin.': [920, 1447, 1889, 2338, 2391], '1:': [924, 1451, 1893, 2342, 2395], '543-551Crossref': [925, 1452, 1894, 2343], '(60)': [928, 1455, 1897, 2346], 'Peptide': [931], 'composed': [934], 'contain': [938, 1975], 'all': [939, 1532, 2664, 3542], 'enzymatic': [940], 'activities': [941], 'incorporate': [943], 'one': [944, 1967, 2166], 'constituent': [945, 1809], 'product.': [948], 'co-linear': [953], 'arrangement': [954, 3003], 'primary': [957], '(see': [962, 1815, 4206], 'Fig.': [963, 1816, 4035, 4101], '1),': [964], 'they': [966, 1800], 'subdivided': [969], 'different': [971, 3842, 3973], 'domains': [972, 1780, 1863, 1974], 'responsible': [973, 1703], 'single': [976, 2441], 'chemical': [977], 'reactions': [978, 1680, 2169], 'adenylation': [1016, 1196, 1656, 3539], 'recognizes': [1018], 'acid': [1022, 1522, 3075, 3705, 4366, 4373], 'activates': [1024], 'it': [1025, 1524, 2175], 'acyl': [1031, 1150, 1391, 1791, 1808, 1990], 'adenylate': [1032], 'at': [1033, 1419, 1953, 2180, 3078, 3160, 3188, 3614, 3780, 3877, 4133, 4302, 4317], 'expense': [1035], 'ATP': [1037, 3893, 3918], '(8Stachelhaus': [1038, 1209, 2240], '13Dieckmann': [1088], 'Lee': [1090], 'Y.-O.': [1091], 'van': [1092], 'Liempt': [1093], 'FEBS': [1100], 'Lett.': [1101], '357:': [1103], '212-216Crossref': [1104], '(66)': [1107], 'Scholar,14Haese': [1109], 'Pieper': [1111], 'Ostrowski': [1114], '243:': [1122], '116-122Crossref': [1123], '(44)': [1126, 1555], 'Subsequently,': [1129, 3643], 'activated': [1131, 1390, 3634], 'covalently': [1134, 1279, 1535], 'bound': [1135, 1536], 'thiolation': [1138, 1199, 1659], 'carrier': [1142, 1294, 1331, 1859], 'protein': [1143, 1295, 1960, 2934, 2960, 3315, 3345, 3376, 3416, 4051], 'thioester': [1146, 3519], 'linkage': [1147], 'thiol': [1154], 'moiety': [1155, 1285], 'co-factor': [1158, 3433], '4′-phosphopantetheine': [1159, 1618], '(P-pant)': [1160], '1The': [1161], 'abbreviations': [1162], 'used': [1163, 2757, 4316], 'are:': [1164], 'P-pant4′-phosphopantetheineDKPdiketopiperazinePCRpolymerase': [1165], 'chain': [1166, 1510, 1621], 'reactionLSCliquid': [1167], 'scintillation': [1168, 1624, 3672, 3685, 3693], 'countingHPLChigh': [1169], 'chromatographyMSmass': [1172], 'spectrometryACVδ-(l-α-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valinePheATEPheAT,': [1173], 'ProCA,': [1175, 1635, 3208, 3903], 'ProAT,': [1177, 1637, 3904], 'deletion': [1178, 1638], 'mutants': [1179, 1639], 'derivatives': [1181, 1641, 2951, 3845, 4042], 'phenylalanine': [1184, 1644, 3927], '(Phe)-activating': [1185, 1645], 'enzyme': [1186, 1192, 1506, 1539, 1646, 1652, 2437, 3773, 4054, 4075], 'proline': [1190, 1650, 3922, 3941], '(Pro)-activating': [1191, 1651], 'containing': [1194, 1654, 2899, 3117, 3491, 3631, 3890, 3912], '(A),': [1198, 1658, 4060], '(T),': [1201, 1661], '(E),': [1204, 1664], '(C).': [1208, 1668], '15Schlumbohm': [1229], 'W.': [1230, 1546, 1732, 1840, 2021], 'Stein': [1231], 'Ullrich': [1233], 'C.': [1234, 1311, 1733, 1841, 2022, 2364, 3455], 'Krause': [1237], 'Kruft': [1241, 1338, 1462, 1904], 'V.': [1242, 1339, 1463, 1728, 1836, 1905, 2017], 'Wittmann-Liebold': [1243, 1342, 1466, 1908], 'B.': [1244, 1343, 1467, 1909, 2501], '1991;': [1248], '266:': [1249], '23135-23141Abstract': [1250], '16Stachelhaus': [1257, 3045], 'Hüser': [1259, 3047, 3324, 3715], '3:': [1266, 1317, 2370, 3054, 3227, 3331, 3461, 3722], '913-921Abstract': [1267, 3055, 3332, 3723], '(120)': [1273, 3061, 3338, 3729], 'latter': [1277], 'attached': [1280], 'side-chain': [1283], 'hydroxyl': [1284], 'invariant': [1288], 'serine': [1289], 'residue': [1290, 4194], 'within': [1291, 2791, 2981], '(17Lambalot': [1296, 3440], 'R.H.': [1297, 2350, 3441], 'Gehring': [1298, 2351, 2382, 3442], 'A.M.': [1299, 2352, 2383, 3443], 'Flugel': [1300, 2353, 2388, 3444], 'R.S.': [1301, 2087, 2354, 2389, 3445], 'Zuber': [1302, 2355, 3446, 3477], 'LaCelle': [1304, 2357, 3448], 'Reid': [1308, 2361, 3452], 'Khosla': [1310, 2363, 3454], 'Walsh': [1312, 2365, 3456, 3475], 'C.T.': [1313, 2366, 2381, 3457, 3476], '923-936Abstract': [1318, 2371, 3462], '(736)': [1324, 2377, 3468], 'According': [1327], 'multiple': [1330, 1858, 2172], 'thiotemplate': [1332], 'model': [1333], '(18Stein': [1334], 'Otto': [1340, 1464, 1906], 'Franke': [1344, 1468, 1910], 'Panico': [1346, 1470, 1912], 'McDowell': [1348, 1472, 1914], 'Morris': [1350, 1474, 1916], 'H.R.': [1351, 1475, 1917], '271:': [1356, 1480, 1922], '15428-15435Abstract': [1357, 1481, 1923], '(174)': [1365, 1489, 1931], 'Scholar),': [1367, 2898, 3102], 'elongation': [1368, 1692], 'then': [1369, 3419, 3830, 4354], 'occurs': [1370], 'swinging': [1372], 'loaded': [1375, 1408, 1876], 'P-pant': [1376, 1877, 2233, 2306, 2859, 3013, 3215, 3434], 'arm': [1377], 'donor': [1380, 1872], 'site,': [1381], 'where': [1382], 'formed': [1387, 1771], 'free': [1395], '(or': [1397], 'imino,': [1398], 'hydroxy)': [1399], 'second': [1403, 2039], 'acid,': [1405, 3580, 3824, 3937], 'similar': [1411], 'manner': [1412], 'onto': [1413], 'next': [1415], 'positioned': [1418], 'acceptor': [1421, 1869], 'site': [1422, 1725, 1873, 2806, 2914], '(2von': [1423], '18Stein': [1458, 1900], 'Passed': [1492], 'fashion': [1496], 'first': [1499, 1807, 1954, 3850], 'last': [1502], 'complex,': [1507], 'grows': [1511], 'N-': [1514], 'C-terminal': [1516], 'direction': [1517], 'starter': [1520], 'until': [1523], 'reaches': [1525], 'its': [1526, 2982], 'final': [1527, 1777], 'length.': [1528, 1778], 'During': [1529], 'intermediates': [1533], 'remain': [1534], '(19Roskoski': [1541], 'Gevers': [1545], 'Lipmann': [1547], 'F.': [1548], '1970;': [1550, 3095], '9:': [1551], '4846-4851Crossref': [1552], 'release,': [1559], 'cases': [1564], 'thought': [1565], 'mediated': [1568], 'thioesterase': [1571], 'domain,': [1572], 'branched,': [1579], 'cyclized,': [1580], 'oligomerized': [1582], 'diketopiperazine': [1619], 'polymerase': [1620, 2975], 'counting': [1625, 3686], 'chromatography': [1629], 'mass': [1630, 4404], 'spectrometry': [1631], 'δ-(l-α-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine': [1632], 'PheAT,': [1633, 3200], 'our': [1670], 'effort': [1671], 'understand': [1673], 'details': [1676], 'manifold': [1679], 'catalyzed': [1681], 'we': [1685, 2405], 'particularly': [1688], 'interested': [1689], 'process,': [1693], 'because': [1694], 'site(s)': [1704], 'yet': [1707], 'characterized.': [1709], 'Sequence': [1710], 'analysis,': [1711], 'however,': [1712], 'so-called': [1716], 'as': [1719, 1750, 1993, 2046, 2827, 2829, 3030, 3251, 3319, 3437, 3710, 4014, 4032, 4395], 'good': [1721], 'candidate': [1722], '(20de': [1726], 'Crécy-Lagard': [1727, 1835, 2016], 'Marlière': [1729, 1837, 2018], 'Saurin': [1731, 1839, 2020], 'Acad.': [1735, 1843, 2024], 'Sci.': [1736, 1740, 1844, 1848, 2025, 2029, 2142], 'Ser.': [1737, 1845, 2026], 'II': [1738, 1846, 2027, 4259], 'Life': [1739, 1847, 2028, 3609], '318:': [1742, 1850, 2031], '927-936PubMed': [1743, 1851, 2032], 'This': [1746, 2966, 3002], 'found': [1749, 2220], 'repetitive': [1755], 'coincides': [1758], 'frequency': [1760], 'bonds': [1766], 'Condensation': [1779], 'always': [1782], 'fused': [1783], 'N-terminal': [1786], 'end': [1787], 'accepting': [1790], 'groups': [1792], 'preceding': [1795], '(elongation': [1797], 'modules),': [1798], 'absent': [1802], 'activating': [1805], '(initiation': [1813], 'modules)': [1814], '1)': [1817, 2549], '20de': [1834, 2015], 'With': [1854], 'respect': [1855], 'model,': [1860], 'expected': [1865], 'harbor': [1867], 'carriers': [1878], 'adjacent': [1882], '(12Mootz': [1884, 2333], 'A': [1934, 2586, 2675, 3504, 3970, 4108], 'data': [1935], 'base': [1936, 2049], 'search': [1937], 'homologues': [1939], '(which': [1944], 'about': [1946], '450': [1947], 'length)': [1951], 'reveals': [1952], 'sight': [1955], 'no': [1956, 3164], 'significant': [1957], 'similarities': [1958], 'sequences': [1961, 2542], 'than': [1963], '(for': [1966], 'homologue,': [1969], 'see': [1970], '"Discussion").': [1971], 'sequence': [1977, 3076], '(HHXXXDG,': [1979], 'His': [1980, 2458], 'motif)': [1981], 'resembles': [1983], 'well': [1988, 2828], 'studied': [1989], 'transferases,': [1991, 2307], 'such': [1992], 'dihydrolipoyl': [1994], 'transacetylase': [1995], 'chloramphenicol': [1997], 'acetyltransferase': [1998], 'For': [2035, 2878, 3769, 4208], 'these': [2036, 3186, 4089], 'shown': [2043, 4099], 'act': [2045], 'course': [2052], 'respective': [2055], '(21Shaw': [2057], 'W.V.': [2058, 2127, 2141], 'CRC': [2059], 'Crit.': [2060], '1983;': [2063], '14:': [2064], '1-46Crossref': [2065], '(181)': [2068], '22Leslie': [2071], 'A.G.W.': [2072], '1990;': [2076, 2994], '213:': [2077], '167-186Crossref': [2078], '(116)': [2081], '23Russell': [2084], 'G.C.': [2085], 'Machado': [2086], 'Guest': [2088], 'J.R.': [2089], '1992;': [2092, 2116, 3226], '287:': [2093], '611-619Crossref': [2094], '(32)': [2097], '24Mattevi': [2100], 'Obmolova': [2102], 'G.': [2103], 'Schulze': [2104], 'Kalk': [2106], 'K.H.': [2107], 'Westphal': [2108], 'A.H.': [2109, 2987], 'de': [2110], 'Kok': [2111], 'Hol': [2113], 'W.G.J.': [2114], '255:': [2117], '1544-1550Crossref': [2118], '(231)': [2121], '25Lewendon': [2124], 'Shaw': [2126], '1993;': [2131], '268:': [2132], '20997-21001Abstract': [2133], '26Shaw': [2140], 'Prog.': [2143], 'Oxford.': [2144], '76:': [2146], '565-580Google': [2147], 'Attempts': [2149], 'study': [2151, 2411], 'confronted': [2159], 'some': [2161], 'experimental': [2162], 'difficulties.': [2163], 'It': [2164, 2419], 'performed': [2170, 2509, 3250, 3436, 3709, 4381], 'number,': [2173], 'requires': [2176], 'least': [2181], 'modules.': [2183], 'Furthermore,': [2184], 'members': [2189], 'metabolism,': [2193], 'makes': [2195, 2207], 'them': [2196, 2208], 'hard': [2197], 'purify': [2199], 'quantities,': [2202], 'their': [2204, 2226, 3865], 'enormous': [2205], 'size': [2206, 4286, 4290], 'difficult': [2209], 'handle.': [2211], 'enzymes': [2217], '(fragments)': [2218], 'modified': [2224, 3352, 3392], 'active': [2227, 2466], 'holo-forms': [2228], 'missing': [2232], 'transferase': [2234, 2860, 3014, 3216], 'heterologous': [2238], 'host': [2239], '27Ku': [2278], 'Mirmira': [2280], 'R.G.': [2281], 'Liu': [2282], 'L.': [2283], 'Santi': [2284], 'D.V.': [2285], '203-207Abstract': [2290], '(35)': [2296], 'Very': [2299], 'discovery': [2301], 'superfamily': [2304], 'those': [2309], 'specific': [2310], 'modifying': [2312], 'provided': [2316], 'synthesis': [2329, 2431], 'using': [2330, 2510, 2697, 2748, 2840, 3111, 3177, 3254, 3421, 3688, 3841, 4275], '17Lambalot': [2349], '28Walsh': [2380], 'Weinreb': [2384], 'P.H.': [2385, 3472], 'Quadri': [2386, 3473], 'L.E.': [2387], '309-315Crossref': [2396], '(216)': [2399], 'work,': [2404], 'developed': [2407], 'system': [2409, 2516, 4235, 4300, 4386], 'process': [2413], 'formation.': [2418], 'based': [2421], 'initiation': [2424], 'gramicidin': [2427], 'S': [2428], 'tyrocidine': [2430], 'simplified': [2435], 'fragmentation': [2438], 'event.': [2443], 'We': [2444], 'show': [2445], 'indeed': [2450], 'plays': [2451], 'role': [2454], '(one': [2463], 'of)': [2464], 'site(s).': [2467], 'order': [2469, 2937, 4120], 'formation,': [2475], 'fragments': [2476, 2956, 3010, 3546, 3863], 'synthetase': [2480, 2856, 2955, 3009, 3495, 3545, 3862], 'genes': [2481], 'grsAand': [2482], 'tycB': [2483], 'PCR-amplified': [2491], 'chromosomal': [2493, 3233], 'DNA': [2494, 2665, 3234, 3282], 'Bacillus': [2496, 3236], 'brevis': [2497, 2502], 'ATCC': [2498, 2503, 3238], '9999': [2499], '8185,': [2504], 'respectively.': [2505], 'PCR': [2506, 2515, 2531, 2629, 2636, 3247], 'amplification': [2507, 3248], 'Expand': [2512], 'long': [2513], 'range': [2514], '(Boehringer': [2517], 'Mannheim)': [2518], 'following': [2519, 2537, 2752, 3256, 3552, 4312], "manufacturer's": [2521], 'protocol.': [2522], 'Restriction': [2523], 'sites': [2524, 2545, 2818], 'subsequent': [2526, 3308], 'cloning': [2527], 'introduced': [2529, 2783], 'oligonucleotides,': [2532], 'purchased': [2533, 3753], 'MWG-Biotech.': [2535], 'nucleotides': [2538], '(modified': [2541], 'underlined;': [2543], 'restriction': [2544, 2805], 'boldface': [2547], 'type):': [2548], '5′-PheATE-NcoI,': [2550], '5′-ATA': [2551, 2584, 2619, 3260, 3271], 'TCC': [2552, 2564, 2574, 2608, 2621, 2766, 2776], 'ATG': [2553], 'GTA': [2554], 'AAC': [2555], 'AGT': [2556], 'TCT': [2557, 2567, 3273], 'AAA': [2558, 3265, 3266], 'AG-3′;': [2559], '2)': [2560], '3′-PheAT-BamHI:': [2561], '5′-ATC': [2562], 'GGA': [2563, 2620], 'ATT': [2565], 'TGG': [2566, 2587, 2598, 2768], 'ATA': [2568], 'CAA': [2569, 2580], 'C-3′;': [2570, 2581], '3)': [2571], '3′-GrsA-BamHI,': [2572], '5′-ATAGGA': [2573, 2607], 'CGT': [2575, 2600], 'TAA': [2576], 'TGA': [2577, 2602, 2778, 3274], 'ATC': [2578], 'GGC': [2579], '4)': [2582], '5′-ProCAT-NcoI,': [2583], 'CC': [2585], 'GTG': [2588], 'TAT': [2589, 3267], 'TTA': [2590], 'GCA': [2591, 3261, 3278], 'AAG': [2592, 2609, 3263], 'AAC-3′;': [2593], '5)': [2594], '5′-ProAT-NcoI,': [2595], '5′-TAT': [2596], 'CCA': [2597, 2613], 'TTC': [2599, 2623, 2627, 3276], 'TGC': [2601, 3262], 'CAG': [2603, 3264, 3275], 'AAG-3′;': [2604], '6)': [2605], '3′-ProCA-BamHI,': [2606], 'AAT': [2610, 2614], 'TTG': [2611], 'CTC': [2612, 2624, 3268], 'CGC-3′;': [2615], '7)': [2617], '3′-ProCAT-BamHI,': [2618], 'GCT': [2622, 2770], 'CCC': [2625], 'GCC': [2626], 'C-3′.': [2628], 'purified': [2632, 3107, 3380], 'QIAquick-spin': [2635], 'purification': [2637, 3022, 3311], 'kit': [2638], '(Qiagen),': [2639], 'digested': [2640, 3285], 'NcoI': [2642], 'BamHI,': [2644], 'ligated': [2646, 3290], 'His6-tag': [2649], 'vector': [2650, 2820, 3245, 3295], 'pQE60,': [2651], 'cut': [2654], 'same': [2657, 4030], 'manner.': [2658], 'Standard': [2659], 'procedures': [2660], 'applied': [2662, 4222], 'manipulations': [2666], '(29Sambrook': [2667], 'Fritsch': [2669], 'E.F.': [2670], 'Maniatis': [2671], 'Molecular': [2673], 'Cloning:': [2674], 'Laboratory': [2676, 2683], 'Manual.': [2677], '2nd': [2678], 'Ed.': [2679], 'Cold': [2680, 2685], 'Spring': [2681, 2686], 'Harbor': [2682], 'Press,': [2684], 'Harbor,': [2687], 'NY1989Google': [2688], 'Scholar)': [2689, 2875, 3229, 3487], 'preparation': [2692, 4410], 'plasmids': [2696, 2714, 2826], 'Escherichia': [2698], 'coli': [2699, 2964, 3305], 'strain': [2700, 2967], 'XL1-Blue': [2701], '(30Bullock': [2702], 'W.O.': [2703], 'BioTechniques.': [2704], '1987;': [2705], '5:': [2706], '376-378Google': [2707], 'Cloning': [2709], 'pQE60': [2711, 2950], 'yielded': [2712], 'pPheAT': [2715], '(using': [2716], 'oligonucleotides': [2717], '1': [2718, 3145, 3412, 3574, 3653, 3880, 3913, 3960, 3966, 4137, 4339], '2),': [2720], 'pPheATE': [2721], '(1': [2722], 'plus': [2723, 2727, 2731, 2736], '3),': [2724], 'pProCA': [2725], '(4': [2726, 2730], '6),': [2728], 'pProCAT': [2729, 2747], '7),': [2732], 'pProAT': [2734], '(5': [2735], '7).': [2737], 'plasmid': [2739, 2762, 2834, 2917, 2922], 'pProCAT(H147V)': [2740, 2835], 'obtained': [2742], 'site-directed': [2744], 'mutagenesis': [2745], 'inverse': [2749], 'PCR.': [2750], 'primers': [2753, 2786], '5′-phosphorylated': [2755], 'amplify': [2759], 'entire': [2761], 'pProCAT:': [2763], '5′-H147V,': [2764], '5′-TGA': [2765], 'TCA': [2767], 'ACG': [2769], 'GG-3′;': [2771], '3′-H147V,': [2772], '5′-CGT': [2773], 'GAA': [2774], 'AGC': [2775, 3277], 'AGA': [2777, 3272], 'CC-3′.': [2779], 'mutations': [2781], '(underlined)': [2782], 'effect': [2787], 'H(CAC)147V(GTG)': [2789], 'substitution': [2790], 'silent': [2798], 'H(CAT)146H(CAC)': [2799], 'generate': [2802], 'PmaCI': [2804], 'allowed': [2808, 3004], 'simple': [2810], 'detection': [2811], 'mutated': [2814], 'plasmid.': [2815], 'fusion': [2817, 3065], 'inserts': [2822], 'constructed': [2825], 'confirmed': [2837], 'ABI': [2842], 'prism': [2843], '310': [2844], 'Genetic': [2845], 'Analyzer': [2846], '(ABI).': [2847], 'achieve': [2849], 'vivo': [2851], 'production': [2852, 2929], 'functional': [2854, 4026], 'holopeptide': [2855], 'genegsp': [2861], '(31Borchert': [2862, 2885], 'S.': [2863, 2886], '2458-2462Crossref': [2872, 2895], 'co-expressed.': [2877], 'purpose,': [2880], 'thePvuII': [2881], 'fragment': [2882], 'pGsp+': [2884], 'thegsp': [2900], 'under': [2902, 4191], 'control': [2904], 'T7': [2907, 2974], 'promoter,': [2908], 'cloned': [2910, 3241], 'SmaI': [2913], 'pREP4,': [2918], 'yielding': [2919], 'helper': [2921], 'pREP4/gsp.': [2923], 'Normally,': [2924], 'pREP4': [2925], 'facilitates': [2926], 'constitutive': [2928], 'lac': [2932], 'repressor': [2933], 'LacI': [2935], 'ensure': [2939, 3855], 'tight': [2940], 'regulation': [2941], 'pQE': [2943], 'expression': [2944, 2961, 3244, 3299, 3309], 'vectors.': [2945], 'Both': [2946], 'pREP4/gsp': [2947], 'carrying': [2952], 'transformed': [2958, 3303], 'BL21(DE3).': [2965], 'bears': [2968], 'isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible': [2970], 'λ': [2978], 'prophage': [2979], 'DE3': [2980], 'chromosome': [2983], '(32Studier': [2984], 'F.W.': [2985], 'Rosenberg': [2986], 'Dunn': [2988], 'J.J.': [2989], 'Dubendorff': [2990], 'J.W.': [2991], 'Methods': [2992], 'Enzymol.': [2993], '185:': [2995], '60-89Crossref': [2996], '(6011)': [2999], 'co-expression': [3006], 'Gsp.': [3015], 'Expression': [3016], 'constructs': [3020], 'His6-tagged': [3025], 'carried': [3028, 3317, 3534, 3872, 4038], 'out': [3029, 3318, 3535, 3873, 4039], 'described': [3031, 3252, 3320, 3438, 3711, 4015, 4033], 'previously': [3032, 3321, 3712], '(9Mootz': [3033], 'His6': [3068, 3293], 'tag': [3069, 3294], 'appending': [3072], '"GSRSHHHHHH"': [3077], 'C': [3080], 'terminus': [3081], 'protein.': [3085], 'As': [3086, 3367], 'judged': [3087, 3368, 3514], 'SDS-polyacrylamide': [3089, 3372], 'gel': [3090, 4227], 'electrophoresis': [3091], '(33Laemmli': [3092], 'U.K.': [3093], 'Nature.': [3094], '227:': [3096], '680-685Crossref': [3097], '(207856)': [3100], 'could': [3105, 3157, 3378], 'apparent': [3109], 'homogeneity': [3110], 'single-step': [3112], 'Ni2+': [3113], 'affinity': [3114], 'chromatography.': [3115], 'Fractions': [3116], 'pooled': [3122, 3388], 'dialyzed': [3124, 3390], 'against': [3125, 3391], 'buffer': [3127, 3350, 3394, 3490, 3736, 3889, 3911, 4269, 4329, 4336, 4348, 4357, 4369], '(50': [3128, 3395], 'mm': [3129, 3134, 3138, 3142, 3146, 3356, 3361, 3396, 3401, 3405, 3409, 3413, 3502, 3559, 3564, 3568, 3572, 3575, 3578, 3594, 3597, 3742, 3892, 3917, 3921, 3932], 'HEPES,': [3130, 3397, 3560], 'pH': [3131, 3398, 3561], '8.0,': [3132, 3399, 3562], '100': [3133, 3556, 3563], 'sodium': [3135, 3362, 3402, 3565, 4172], 'chloride,': [3136, 3140, 3363, 3403, 3407, 3566, 3570], '10': [3137, 3365, 3404, 3408, 3497, 3567, 3618, 4325, 4360], 'magnesium': [3139, 3406, 3569], '2': [3141, 3571, 3593, 3741, 3891, 3916], 'dithioerythritol,': [3143, 3573], 'EDTA).': [3147], 'After': [3148, 3664, 4186], 'addition': [3150, 3591, 3666, 3762, 3797, 3958, 3998], '10%': [3152, 3803, 3822, 4004, 4267], 'glycerol': [3153], '(v/v),': [3154, 4221], 'stored': [3159], '−80': [3161], '°C': [3162, 3616], 'observable': [3165], 'even': [3169], 'after': [3170, 3524], 'months.': [3172], 'Protein': [3173], 'concentrations': [3174], 'determined': [3176, 3420, 3682], 'calculated': [3179], 'extinction': [3180], 'coefficients': [3181], 'absorbance': [3184], '280': [3189], 'nm': [3190, 3493, 3498, 3583, 3739, 4309], '(A280):': [3191], '138,690': [3192], 'm−1': [3193], 'cm−1': [3194, 3198, 3202, 3206, 3211], 'GrsA,': [3196], '69,180m−1': [3197], '92,230m−1': [3201], '90,830m−1': [3205], '38,980m−1': [3210], 'ProAT.': [3213], 'bli': [3218], '(34Gaidenko': [3219], 'T.A.': [3220], 'Belitsky': [3221], 'B.R.': [3222], 'Haykinson': [3223], 'M.J.': [3224], 'Biotechnologia.': [3225], '13-19Google': [3228], 'amplified': [3231, 3281], 'licheniformis': [3237], '10716': [3239], 'pQE70.': [3246, 3296], 'above': [3253], '5′-modified': [3257], 'oligonucleotides:': [3258], '5′-Bli-SphI,': [3259], 'ATG-3′;': [3269], '3′-Bli-BglII,': [3270], 'CG-3′.': [3279], 'purified,': [3284], 'SphI': [3287], 'andBglII,': [3288], 'resultant': [3298], 'plasmid,': [3300], 'pBli,': [3301], 'inE.': [3304], 'M15[pREP4],': [3306], '(16Stachelhaus': [3322, 3713], 'maintain': [3342], 'overexpressed': [3344], 'solution,': [3347], 'sonication': [3349], 'contained': [3354, 3550, 3737], '50': [3355, 3558], 'HEPES': [3357], '(pH': [3358], '8.0),': [3359], '500': [3360, 3492, 3738, 4167], 'mmβ-mercaptoethanol.': [3366], 'Coomassie-stained': [3371], 'gel,': [3373], '28-kDa': [3375], 'Bli': [3377, 3425], 'near': [3382], 'homogeneity.': [3383], 'relevant': [3385], 'fractions': [3386], '250': [3400, 3582, 4283], 'β-mercaptoethanol,': [3410], 'EDTA);': [3414], 'concentration': [3417], 'calculatedA280': [3423], '(31,750': [3426], 'm−1cm−1).': [3427], 'incorporation': [3430], 'elsewhere': [3439], '35Weinreb': [3471], 'L.E.N.': [3474], '37:': [3481], '1575-1584Crossref': [3482], '(40)': [3485], '(fragment),': [3496], 'Bli,': [3499], '0.1': [3501, 4170], 'coenzyme': [3503], '(CoASH).': [3505], 'extent': [3507], 'apo': [3509], 'holo': [3511], 'conversion': [3512], 'rate': [3517, 4320], 'prior': [3521], 'modification.': [3528], 'ATP-pyrophosphate': [3530], 'exchange': [3531], 'confirm': [3537], 'purified.': [3547], 'Reaction': [3548, 3732], 'mixtures': [3549, 3733], '(final': [3553], 'volume': [3554, 3961, 3967], 'μl):': [3557], 'EDTA,': [3576], '0.5': [3577, 3625, 3660, 3920, 3931], 'initiated': [3588, 3759, 3955], 'ATP,': [3595, 3743], '0.2': [3596], 'tetrasodium': [3598, 3606, 3637], 'pyrophosphate,': [3599, 3638], '0.15': [3601], 'μCi': [3602, 3746], '(16.06': [3603], 'Ci/mmol)': [3604, 3749, 3752, 3899], '[32P]pyrophosphate': [3607], '(NEN': [3608], 'Science': [3610], 'Products)': [3611], 'incubated': [3613, 3886, 3908], '37': [3615, 3878], 'min.': [3619], 'Reactions': [3620], 'quenched': [3622, 3793, 3995], 'adding': [3624, 4143], 'ml': [3626, 3654, 3661, 3669, 4001, 4323], 'stop': [3629], 'mix': [3630], '1.2%': [3632], '(w/v)': [3633, 3804], 'charcoal,': [3635], '0.1m': [3636], '0.35': [3640, 4322], 'mperchloric': [3641], 'acid.': [3642, 3768, 3806, 4006], 'charcoal': [3645], 'pelleted': [3647], 'centrifugation,': [3649], 'washed': [3650, 3820, 4164], 'once': [3651, 4165], 'water,': [3656, 4147], 'resuspended': [3658], 'water.': [3663], '3.5': [3668], 'fluid': [3673], '(Rotiscint': [3674], 'Eco': [3675], 'Plus;': [3676], 'Roth),': [3677], 'charcoal-bound': [3679], 'radioactivity': [3680], '(LSC)': [3687], '1900CA': [3690], 'Tri-Carb': [3691], 'analyzer': [3694], '(Packard).': [3695], 'Thioester': [3696], 'monitor': [3699], 'amount': [3701], 'covalent': [3703], 'binding': [3706], 'basically': [3708], 'enzyme,': [3740, 3915], '3': [3745, 3875, 4281, 4291], 'ofl-[4-3H]phenylalanine': [3747, 3897], '(27.0': [3748, 3898], 'orl-[5-3H]proline': [3750], '(24.7': [3751, 3949], 'Amersham/Buchler.': [3755], 'cognate': [3765, 3866], 'radiolabeled': [3766, 4211], 'determination': [3771], 'kinetics,': [3774], 'samples': [3775, 3808, 3990, 4128, 4175, 4212, 4262, 4379], '(100': [3776, 4129], 'μL)': [3777, 4130], 'removed': [3779, 4132], 'various': [3781], 'time': [3782, 3982, 4134], 'points': [3783, 3983, 4135], '5': [3785], '600': [3787, 3987], 's,': [3788, 3988], 'immediately': [3794, 3994, 4149], '800': [3799], 'μl': [3800, 4145, 4168, 4217], 'chilled': [3802, 4003], 'trichloroacetic': [3805, 3823, 4005], 'collected': [3810, 4011], 'mixed': [3812], 'filters': [3814], '(ME25;': [3815], 'Schleicher': [3816], '&': [3817, 4294], 'Schüll)': [3818], 'acid-stable': [3827], 'label': [3828, 4009], 'quantified': [3831, 4013], 'LSC.': [3833], 'analyzed': [3840, 4272], 'combinations': [3843, 3974, 4055], 'TycB.': [3853], 'complete': [3857, 4080], 'acylation': [3858], 'acids,': [3868], 'preincubation': [3870], 'min': [3876, 4361], '°C;': [3879], 'μm': [3881, 3896, 3914, 3946], 'PheATE': [3882, 4044, 4057, 4061, 4065], 'PheAT': [3884, 4070], '4.4': [3895], '(mixture': [3900, 3923], 'A);': [3901], 'ProCAT(H147V)': [3906, 4059], 'B).': [3924], 'Alternatively,': [3925], 'labeled': [3926], 'replaced': [3929], 'unlabeled': [3935, 3940], 'and/or': [3938, 4250], 'substituted': [3943], '4.8': [3945], 'l-[5-3H]proline': [3948], 'Ci/mmol).': [3950], 'mixture': [3963, 3969], 'B': [3964, 4270, 4337, 4349, 4358], 'delineated': [3975], 'Figs.': [3977], '4': [3978, 4036, 4102], '6.': [3980], 'At': [3981], '15': [3985], '100-μl': [3989], 'taken': [3992], '0.8': [4000], 'Trichloroacetic': [4007], 'acid-precipitable': [4008], 'above.Figure': [4016], '6Peptide': [4017], 'depends': [4020], 'presence': [4023], 'domain.': [4028], 'ProCAT': [4046, 4072, 4104], 'mutant': [4050], 'ProCAT(H147V).': [4052], 'ProAT': [4063], '(B),': [4064], 'ProCA': [4067], '(C),': [4068], '(D).': [4073], '100%': [4074, 4347, 4356], '(charged)': [4076], 'refers': [4077], 'aminoacylation': [4081], 'derivative': [4085], 'used.': [4086], 'None': [4087], 'able': [4092], 'dipeptide.': [4096], 'included': [4106], 'comparison.View': [4110], 'Large': [4111], 'Image': [4112], 'Figure': [4113], 'ViewerDownload': [4114], 'Hi-res': [4115], 'image': [4116], 'Download': [4117], '(PPT)': [4118], 'analyze': [4122], 'nature': [4124], 'product(s),': [4127], '60': [4139, 4228], 'min,': [4140, 4340, 4352], 'diluted': [4141], '400': [4144], 'extracted': [4150], 'butanol/chloroform': [4152], '(4:1': [4153], '(v/v)).': [4154, 4241], 'organic': [4156], 'phases': [4157], 'transferred': [4159], 'fresh': [4161], 'tubes': [4162], 'm': [4171], 'chloride.': [4173], 'Nonradioactive': [4174, 4261], 'prepared': [4177, 4263], '10-fold': [4180], 'up-scale': [4181], 'radioactive': [4184], 'assay.': [4185], 'removal': [4187], 'solvent': [4190, 4234], 'vacuum,': [4192], 'investigated': [4197], 'HPLC-MS,': [4200], 'NMR': [4205], 'below).': [4207], 'TLC': [4209], 'separation,': [4210], 'resolved': [4214, 4265], '20': [4216, 4351], '90%': [4219], 'ethanol': [4220], 'silica': [4224], 'plates': [4225], '(Silica': [4226], 'F254;': [4229], 'Merck)': [4230], 'run': [4232], 'A:': [4236], 'ethyl': [4237], 'acetate/pyridine/acetic': [4238], 'acid/water': [4239], '(90:30:9:16': [4240], 'Labeling': [4242], 'visualized': [4244], 'autoradiography': [4246], '(X-Omat': [4247], 'AR;': [4248], 'Kodak)': [4249], 'scanning': [4252], 'LB2723': [4255], 'thin': [4256], 'layer': [4257], 'scanner': [4258], '(Berthold).': [4260], 'HPLC': [4274, 4299, 4385], 'C18': [4277], 'reversed-phase': [4278], 'column': [4279], '(Nucleosil': [4280], '×': [4282], 'mm,': [4284], 'pore': [4285], '120': [4287], 'Å,': [4288], 'particle': [4289], 'mm;': [4292], 'Macherey': [4293], 'Nagel)': [4295], 'Pharmacia': [4298], 'monitoring': [4301], 'detector': [4303], 'wavelengths': [4304], '214': [4306], '256': [4308], 'simultaneously.': [4310], 'gradient': [4313, 4332, 4345], 'profile': [4314], 'flow': [4319], 'min−1:': [4324], 's': [4326], 'loading': [4327], '(10%': [4328], 'B),': [4330], 'up': [4333], '30%': [4335], 'holding': [4355], '(buffer': [4362], 'A,': [4363], '0.05%': [4364], 'formic': [4365, 4372], 'H2O;': [4368], 'B,': [4370], '0.04%': [4371], 'methanol).': [4375], 'HPLC-MS': [4376], 'nonradioactive': [4378], 'Gynkotek': [4384], 'ESI': [4389], 'source': [4390], '(Analytica': [4391], 'Branford': [4393], 'Inc.)': [4394], 'interface': [4397], 'HP': [4400], '5989': [4401], 'Hewlett': [4402], 'Packard': [4403], 'spectrometer': [4405], 'negative': [4407], 'mode.': [4408], 'Sample': [4409], 'c': [4412]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2047261739', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-10T16:53:27.397326', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}