Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2046863527', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.10.001', 'title': 'Modeling attention to salient proto-objects', 'display_name': 'Modeling attention to salient proto-objects', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2046863527', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.10.001', 'mag': '2046863527', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17098563'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.10.001', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S123019304', 'display_name': 'Neural Networks', 'issn_l': '0893-6080', 'issn': ['0893-6080', '1879-2782'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033965949', 'display_name': 'Dirk B. Walther', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-9858'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157725225', 'display_name': 'University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/047426m28', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dirk Walther', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I157725225']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084822308', 'display_name': 'Christof Koch', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-8067'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I122411786', 'display_name': 'California Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05dxps055', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christof Koch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, MC 216-76, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA#TAB#'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, MC 216-76, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA#TAB#', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I122411786']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3350, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3350, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 16.518, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 1215, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.904034, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '19', 'issue': '9', 'first_page': '1395', 'last_page': '1407'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks', 'score': 0.9956, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks', 'score': 0.9956, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10427', 'display_name': 'Neural Mechanisms of Visual Perception and Processing', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11605', 'display_name': 'Computational Modeling of Visual Saliency Detection', 'score': 0.987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1707', 'display_name': 'Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/serialization', 'display_name': 'Serialization', 'score': 0.78622496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-attention', 'display_name': 'Visual Attention', 'score': 0.632165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/salient-object-detection', 'display_name': 'Salient Object Detection', 'score': 0.574305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-attention', 'display_name': 'Top-Down Attention', 'score': 0.570635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception', 'display_name': 'Visual Perception', 'score': 0.558622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bottom-up-attention', 'display_name': 'Bottom-Up Attention', 'score': 0.549375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-objects', 'display_name': 'Visual Objects', 'score': 0.48445582}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation', 'display_name': 'Isolation (microbiology)', 'score': 0.459587}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52723943', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127410', 'display_name': 'Serialization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.78622496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78008795}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780719617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752', 'display_name': 'Salient', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67379856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.61470413}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781238097', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026', 'display_name': 'Object (grammar)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6077207}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780103172', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309721', 'display_name': 'Visual Objects', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48445582}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775941552', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305', 'display_name': 'Isolation (microbiology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.459587}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64876066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226', 'display_name': 'Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45893025}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779345533', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75785', 'display_name': 'Visual cortex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43478587}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4341225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781181686', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068', 'display_name': 'Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43044358}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3989188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188147891', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638', 'display_name': 'Cognitive science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38904685}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36571723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32587242}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26760741', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402', 'display_name': 'Perception', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.23675984}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18888485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.117403746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001288', 'descriptor_name': 'Attention', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008954', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Biological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010364', 'descriptor_name': 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003198', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Simulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004193', 'descriptor_name': 'Discrimination Learning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004193', 'descriptor_name': 'Discrimination Learning', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005246', 'descriptor_name': 'Feedback', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016571', 'descriptor_name': 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010364', 'descriptor_name': 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010775', 'descriptor_name': 'Photic Stimulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010775', 'descriptor_name': 'Photic Stimulation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012372', 'descriptor_name': 'ROC Curve', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2006.10.001', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S123019304', 'display_name': 'Neural Networks', 'issn_l': '0893-6080', 'issn': ['0893-6080', '1879-2782'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17098563', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.52}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 74, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W134309601', 'https://openalex.org/W1480428936', 'https://openalex.org/W1497599070', 'https://openalex.org/W1499918426', 'https://openalex.org/W1624854622', 'https://openalex.org/W1760883005', 'https://openalex.org/W1770420845', 'https://openalex.org/W1822159224', 'https://openalex.org/W1896124767', 'https://openalex.org/W1964026607', 'https://openalex.org/W1967011375', 'https://openalex.org/W1972622551', 'https://openalex.org/W1972907538', 'https://openalex.org/W1978509807', 'https://openalex.org/W1987794317', 'https://openalex.org/W1996200136', 'https://openalex.org/W2006256395', 'https://openalex.org/W2008082546', 'https://openalex.org/W2015987438', 'https://openalex.org/W2016289462', 'https://openalex.org/W2030522750', 'https://openalex.org/W2033118251', 'https://openalex.org/W2040568291', 'https://openalex.org/W2045466646', 'https://openalex.org/W2048180049', 'https://openalex.org/W2054802006', 'https://openalex.org/W2056141741', 'https://openalex.org/W2070281753', 'https://openalex.org/W2086590817', 'https://openalex.org/W2087540179', 'https://openalex.org/W2089597841', 'https://openalex.org/W2101060374', 'https://openalex.org/W2102584403', 'https://openalex.org/W2103504761', 'https://openalex.org/W2106862758', 'https://openalex.org/W2109326756', 'https://openalex.org/W2112263218', 'https://openalex.org/W2112325651', 'https://openalex.org/W2114587936', 'https://openalex.org/W2115441154', 'https://openalex.org/W2116565096', 'https://openalex.org/W2116799824', 'https://openalex.org/W2117301471', 'https://openalex.org/W2119823327', 'https://openalex.org/W2119888746', 'https://openalex.org/W2121947440', 'https://openalex.org/W2122710056', 'https://openalex.org/W2122896223', 'https://openalex.org/W2126869312', 'https://openalex.org/W2127329379', 'https://openalex.org/W2128272608', 'https://openalex.org/W2128570962', 'https://openalex.org/W2131744263', 'https://openalex.org/W2135988428', 'https://openalex.org/W2136869398', 'https://openalex.org/W2138333897', 'https://openalex.org/W2140446269', 'https://openalex.org/W2142796031', 'https://openalex.org/W2144982973', 'https://openalex.org/W2146892472', 'https://openalex.org/W2149095485', 'https://openalex.org/W2149194912', 'https://openalex.org/W2151103935', 'https://openalex.org/W2156039623', 'https://openalex.org/W2158240273', 'https://openalex.org/W2169534307', 'https://openalex.org/W2170161511', 'https://openalex.org/W2237250383', 'https://openalex.org/W2338095341', 'https://openalex.org/W4249293656', 'https://openalex.org/W4251019013', 'https://openalex.org/W4256003687', 'https://openalex.org/W438288536', 'https://openalex.org/W575576090'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4289440709', 'https://openalex.org/W4211183178', 'https://openalex.org/W3197963161', 'https://openalex.org/W2895695801', 'https://openalex.org/W2339929040', 'https://openalex.org/W2155582136', 'https://openalex.org/W2144730066', 'https://openalex.org/W2070026887', 'https://openalex.org/W2025765519', 'https://openalex.org/W1592975281'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Selective': [0], 'visual': [1, 10, 38, 46], 'attention': [2, 54], 'is': [3], 'believed': [4], 'to': [5, 28, 71, 91, 99], 'be': [6, 50], 'responsible': [7], 'for': [8, 12], 'serializing': [9], 'information': [11, 47], 'recognizing': [13, 94, 101], 'one': [14], 'object': [15, 87], 'at': [16], 'a': [17, 20, 63, 84, 105], 'time': [18], 'in': [19, 73, 89, 97, 104], 'complex': [21, 107], 'scene.': [22, 108], 'But': [23], 'how': [24], 'can': [25, 49, 82], 'we': [26], 'attend': [27], 'objects': [29, 96, 103], 'before': [30], 'they': [31], 'are': [32], 'recognized?': [33], 'In': [34], 'coherence': [35], 'theory': [36], 'of': [37, 45, 67, 86], 'cognition,': [39], 'so-called': [40], 'proto-objects': [41, 72], 'form': [42], 'volatile': [43], 'units': [44], 'that': [48, 78], 'accessed': [51], 'by': [52], 'selective': [53], 'and': [55, 69], 'subsequently': [56], 'validated': [57], 'as': [58], 'actual': [59], 'objects.': [60], 'We': [61, 76], 'propose': [62], 'biologically': [64], 'plausible': [65], 'model': [66, 81, 85], 'forming': [68], 'attending': [70], 'natural': [74], 'scenes.': [75], 'demonstrate': [77], 'the': [79], 'suggested': [80], 'enable': [83], 'recognition': [88], 'cortex': [90], 'expand': [92], 'from': [93], 'individual': [95], 'isolation': [98], 'sequentially': [100], 'all': [102], 'more': [106]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046863527', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 39}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 52}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 57}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 60}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 81}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 94}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 95}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 100}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 147}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 108}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-13T01:06:13.991611', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}