Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2045766127', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.841165', 'title': 'Optimization of Biodiesel Production from<i>Carthamus Tinctorius</i>L.<i>CV</i>.Thori 78: A Novel Cultivar of Safflower Crop', 'display_name': 'Optimization of Biodiesel Production from<i>Carthamus Tinctorius</i>L.<i>CV</i>.Thori 78: A Novel Cultivar of Safflower Crop', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-02-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2045766127', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.841165', 'mag': '2045766127'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.841165', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S65809584', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Green Energy', 'issn_l': '1543-5075', 'issn': ['1543-5075', '1543-5083'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100782639', 'display_name': 'Mushtaq Ahmad', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-2848'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12469534', 'display_name': 'Quaid-i-Azam University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04s9hft57', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139322472', 'display_name': 'Universiti Sains Malaysia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02rgb2k63', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}], 'countries': ['MY', 'PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mushtaq Ahmad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109681500', 'display_name': 'Lee Keat Teong', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139322472', 'display_name': 'Universiti Sains Malaysia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02rgb2k63', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}], 'countries': ['MY'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lee Keat Teong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029265556', 'display_name': 'Shazia Sultana', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12469534', 'display_name': 'Quaid-i-Azam University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04s9hft57', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139322472', 'display_name': 'Universiti Sains Malaysia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02rgb2k63', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}], 'countries': ['MY', 'PK'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Shazia Sultana', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan', 'School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073594482', 'display_name': 'Inam Ullah Khan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-6273'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12469534', 'display_name': 'Quaid-i-Azam University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04s9hft57', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Inam Ullah Khan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077826336', 'display_name': 'Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6394-2917'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139322472', 'display_name': 'Universiti Sains Malaysia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02rgb2k63', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}], 'countries': ['MY'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ahmad Abdullah Zuhairi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139322472']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071751462', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Zafar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-3907'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I12469534', 'display_name': 'Quaid-i-Azam University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04s9hft57', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Muhammad Zafar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100978163', 'display_name': 'Fayyaz-ul Hassan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200749728', 'display_name': 'Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/035zn2q74', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I200749728']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Fayyaz-ul Hassan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I200749728']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5029265556'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I12469534', 'https://openalex.org/I139322472'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.168, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 9, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.657626, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 85, 'max': 86}, 'biblio': {'volume': '12', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '447', 'last_page': '452'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10507', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel Production and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10507', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel Production and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10117', 'display_name': 'Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies', 'score': 0.9861, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1507', 'display_name': 'Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11557', 'display_name': 'Lubricants and Their Additives', 'score': 0.9589, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/carthamus', 'display_name': 'Carthamus', 'score': 0.69620264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-hydroxide', 'display_name': 'Potassium hydroxide', 'score': 0.66443187}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-point', 'display_name': 'Flash point', 'score': 0.64789027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pour-point', 'display_name': 'Pour point', 'score': 0.49553835}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52896960', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.89878726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777241282', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591576', 'display_name': 'Transesterification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.775858}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781451173', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161178', 'display_name': 'Carthamus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69620264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138171918', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423', 'display_name': 'Diesel fuel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6919352}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779439175', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132298', 'display_name': 'Potassium hydroxide', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66443187}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162015975', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194376', 'display_name': 'Flash point', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64789027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206139338', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355', 'display_name': 'Raw material', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5433349}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779607525', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982', 'display_name': 'Methanol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53820395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66910140', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905957', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel production', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5373757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C528095902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886', 'display_name': 'Pulp and paper industry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50516707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C69304742', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431684', 'display_name': 'Pour point', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49553835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44989437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161790260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264', 'display_name': 'Catalysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2875347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19998643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0826371}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C556039675', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035', 'display_name': 'Traditional medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.841165', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S65809584', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Green Energy', 'issn_l': '1543-5075', 'issn': ['1543-5075', '1543-5083'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.5, 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1607094890', 'https://openalex.org/W1947820741', 'https://openalex.org/W1969154831', 'https://openalex.org/W1971387356', 'https://openalex.org/W1984301784', 'https://openalex.org/W1984797204', 'https://openalex.org/W2003708821', 'https://openalex.org/W2012166788', 'https://openalex.org/W2019267627', 'https://openalex.org/W2028286542', 'https://openalex.org/W2036723801', 'https://openalex.org/W2045946022', 'https://openalex.org/W2049944964', 'https://openalex.org/W2050956365', 'https://openalex.org/W2051150290', 'https://openalex.org/W2070610791', 'https://openalex.org/W2073710100', 'https://openalex.org/W2076148906', 'https://openalex.org/W2082902900', 'https://openalex.org/W2084525216', 'https://openalex.org/W2088353547', 'https://openalex.org/W2105344395', 'https://openalex.org/W2120125882', 'https://openalex.org/W2125570110', 'https://openalex.org/W2127689012', 'https://openalex.org/W2137184816', 'https://openalex.org/W2159399629', 'https://openalex.org/W2166161844', 'https://openalex.org/W2487222771', 'https://openalex.org/W385719031', 'https://openalex.org/W4230298702', 'https://openalex.org/W4245358005', 'https://openalex.org/W566632165', 'https://openalex.org/W774494560'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4256011509', 'https://openalex.org/W3198452365', 'https://openalex.org/W3171884330', 'https://openalex.org/W2989770705', 'https://openalex.org/W2626166293', 'https://openalex.org/W2336253319', 'https://openalex.org/W2072395239', 'https://openalex.org/W2060775656', 'https://openalex.org/W1863225696', 'https://openalex.org/W1561759715'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'the': [1, 4, 21, 39, 155], 'present': [2], 'work,': [3], 'potential': [5, 156], 'of': [6, 9, 33, 63, 81, 98, 116, 169], 'novel': [7], 'cultivar': [8], 'safflower': [10, 64, 118], 'seed': [11], 'crop': [12], 'with': [13, 55, 136, 143], 'highest': [14], '52%': [15], 'oil': [16, 65, 88, 119], 'contents': [17, 109], 'is': [18], 'evaluated': [19], 'for': [20, 27, 42, 158], 'first': [22], 'time': [23, 97], 'as': [24, 76, 165], 'a': [25], 'feedstock': [26, 157], 'biodiesel': [28, 44, 79, 120, 159], 'synthesis.': [29], 'The': [30, 101, 146], 'specific': [31], 'aim': [32], 'this': [34], 'study': [35], 'was': [36], 'to': [37, 50, 124, 153], 'optimize': [38], 'transesterification': [40, 70], 'process': [41, 71], 'maximum': [43], 'yield': [45, 80], 'using': [46, 72], 'different': [47], 'parameters': [48, 139], 'and': [49, 95, 113, 131, 161], 'evaluate': [51], 'its': [52], 'fuel': [53, 138, 170], 'compatibility': [54], 'mineral': [56], 'diesel.': [57], 'Fatty': [58], 'acid': [59], 'methyl': [60], 'esters': [61], '(FAMEs)': [62], 'were': [66, 122, 140], 'produced': [67], 'by': [68], 'standard': [69], 'potassium': [73], 'hydroxide': [74], '(KOH)': [75], 'catalyst.': [77], 'Optimum': [78], '98%': [82], 'achieved': [83], 'at': [84], '65°C,': [85], '5:1': [86], 'methanol:': [87], 'molar': [89], 'ratio,': [90], '0.32': [91], 'g': [92], 'catalyst': [93], 'concentration,': [94], 'reaction': [96], '80': [99], 'min.': [100], 'kinematic': [102], 'viscosity@': [103], '40°C': [104], '(cSt),': [105], 'flash': [106], 'point,': [107], 'sulfur': [108], '(wt%),': [110], 'pour': [111], 'point': [112, 115], 'cloud': [114], 'pure': [117], '(SOB)': [121], 'found': [123], 'be': [125, 154, 163], '5.32': [126], 'mm2/s,': [127], '80°C,': [128], '0.00041%,': [129], '–9°C': [130], '–11°C,': [132], 'respectively.': [133], 'These': [134], 'together': [135], 'other': [137], 'in': [141, 171], 'accordance': [142], 'ASTM': [144], 'standards.': [145], 'results': [147], 'obtained': [148], 'indicate': [149], 'that': [150], 'SOB': [151], 'appears': [152], 'production': [160], 'can': [162], 'used': [164], 'an': [166], 'alternate': [167], 'source': [168], 'diesel': [172], 'engines.': [173]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045766127', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T15:07:14.701666', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}