Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2045692292', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700784j', 'title': 'Alkaline Conventional and in Situ Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel', 'display_name': 'Alkaline Conventional and in Situ Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil for the Production of Biodiesel', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-04-09', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2045692292', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700784j', 'mag': '2045692292'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700784j', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186935893', 'display_name': 'Energy & Fuels', 'issn_l': '0887-0624', 'issn': ['0887-0624', '1520-5029'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040343486', 'display_name': 'K.G. Georgogianni', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'display_name': 'Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ed9w591', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I194019607', 'display_name': 'University of Ioannina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01qg3j183', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I194019607']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. G. Georgogianni', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'https://openalex.org/I194019607']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002585791', 'display_name': 'Michael G. Kontominas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-4345'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'display_name': 'Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ed9w591', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I194019607', 'display_name': 'University of Ioannina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01qg3j183', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I194019607']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. G. Kontominas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'https://openalex.org/I194019607']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065421074', 'display_name': 'P.J. Pomonis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3632-4387'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'display_name': 'Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ed9w591', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I194019607', 'display_name': 'University of Ioannina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01qg3j183', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I194019607']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. J. Pomonis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'https://openalex.org/I194019607']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004993169', 'display_name': 'Dimitrios Avlonitis', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'display_name': 'Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ed9w591', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I194019607', 'display_name': 'University of Ioannina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01qg3j183', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I194019607']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Avlonitis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'https://openalex.org/I194019607']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060290791', 'display_name': 'V. Gergis', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I194019607', 'display_name': 'University of Ioannina', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01qg3j183', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I194019607']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I179161674', 'display_name': 'Technological Educational Institute of Central Greece', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ed9w591', 'country_code': 'GR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I179161674']}], 'countries': ['GR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'V. Gergis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Section of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece, Department of Aviation, TEI of Chalkida, 34600, Chalkida, Greece, Department of Food Technology, TEI of Athens, 12210-Egaleo, Greece', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I194019607', 'https://openalex.org/I179161674']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.435, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 108, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999965, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '22', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '2110', 'last_page': '2115'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10507', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel Production and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10507', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel Production and Applications', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10404', 'display_name': 'Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization', 'score': 0.9885, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11009', 'display_name': 'Catalysis for Biomass Conversion', 'score': 0.9701, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sonication', 'display_name': 'Sonication', 'score': 0.6522345}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777241282', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591576', 'display_name': 'Transesterification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.98466516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779607525', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14982', 'display_name': 'Methanol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8209177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52896960', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.75029874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C66910140', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905957', 'display_name': 'Biodiesel production', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6736946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104628117', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3964828', 'display_name': 'Sonication', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6522345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.59361136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780161600', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153', 'display_name': 'Ethanol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53255284}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48647687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161790260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264', 'display_name': 'Catalysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43157202}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22946054}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700784j', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186935893', 'display_name': 'Energy & Fuels', 'issn_l': '0887-0624', 'issn': ['0887-0624', '1520-5029'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 26, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1531931873', 'https://openalex.org/W1967924489', 'https://openalex.org/W1970736710', 'https://openalex.org/W1972826321', 'https://openalex.org/W1984567709', 'https://openalex.org/W2003623895', 'https://openalex.org/W2003765237', 'https://openalex.org/W2016003664', 'https://openalex.org/W2023612745', 'https://openalex.org/W2054123918', 'https://openalex.org/W2057472231', 'https://openalex.org/W2066495883', 'https://openalex.org/W2073419505', 'https://openalex.org/W2075308957', 'https://openalex.org/W2076703694', 'https://openalex.org/W2079498712', 'https://openalex.org/W2086302085', 'https://openalex.org/W2088987376', 'https://openalex.org/W2129479171', 'https://openalex.org/W2137666303', 'https://openalex.org/W2156400630', 'https://openalex.org/W2164736009', 'https://openalex.org/W2168287729', 'https://openalex.org/W2987231207', 'https://openalex.org/W4214903534', 'https://openalex.org/W4231019044'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4313730807', 'https://openalex.org/W4297888409', 'https://openalex.org/W3195793139', 'https://openalex.org/W3130056412', 'https://openalex.org/W2782474361', 'https://openalex.org/W2532420608', 'https://openalex.org/W247539008', 'https://openalex.org/W245409022', 'https://openalex.org/W2066725018', 'https://openalex.org/W1980403322'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 107, 135, 172], 'the': [1, 4, 14, 31, 108, 112, 136], 'present': [2], 'work,': [3], 'transesterification': [5, 43, 51, 88, 174, 184, 210], 'of': [6, 16, 33, 47, 57, 76, 84, 114, 125, 132, 138, 141, 153, 158, 169], 'cottonseed': [7], 'oil': [8], 'with': [9, 52, 89], 'methanol': [10, 53, 212], 'and': [11, 25, 40, 116, 188, 213, 216], 'ethanol,': [12, 139], 'in': [13, 41, 49, 86, 109, 149], 'presence': [15, 137], 'alkali': [17], 'catalyst': [18], '(NaOH),': [19], 'using': [20, 71, 96, 105, 196, 211, 221], 'low-frequency': [21], 'ultrasonication': [22, 48, 85, 115, 142], '(24': [23], 'KHz)': [24], 'mechanical': [26, 72, 97, 117, 159], 'stirring': [27, 98, 118, 160], '(600': [28], 'rpm)': [29], 'for': [30, 208], 'production': [32], 'biodiesel': [34], 'fuel': [35], 'was': [36], 'studied.': [37], 'Both': [38], 'conventional': [39, 50, 87, 183, 209], 'situ': [42, 110, 173], 'were': [44, 194], 'investigated.': [45], 'Use': [46, 83], 'gave': [54, 79, 91, 161, 175], 'high': [55, 122, 145], 'yields': [56, 93, 104, 123, 147, 163, 178], 'methyl': [58, 126], 'esters': [59, 127], '(95%)': [60, 124], 'after': [61, 128, 166], 'a': [62], 'short': [63], 'reaction': [64, 133, 154, 170, 198], 'time': [65, 155], '(20': [66], 'min)': [67], 'similar': [68, 92, 121, 176], 'to': [69, 94, 120, 144, 179, 200, 203], 'those': [70, 95, 180], 'stirring.': [73], 'Higher': [74], 'concentrations': [75], 'NaOH': [77], '(2.0%)': [78], 'higher': [80], 'ester': [81, 146, 177], 'yields.': [82], 'ethanol': [90], 'but': [99], 'significantly': [100], 'lower': [101], 'than': [102], 'respective': [103], 'methanol.': [106], 'transesterification,': [111], 'use': [113, 140, 157], 'led': [119, 143], 'approximately': [129], '20': [130], 'min': [131, 152], 'time.': [134, 171], '(98%)': [148], 'only': [150], '40': [151], 'while': [156], 'low': [162], '(78%)': [164], 'even': [165], '4': [167], 'h': [168], 'obtained': [181], 'by': [182], 'being': [185], 'an': [186], 'efficient': [187], 'economical': [189], 'process.': [190], 'Reaction': [191], 'rate': [192], 'constants': [193], 'calculated,': [195], 'first-order': [197], 'kinetics,': [199], 'be': [201], 'equal': [202], '3.1': [204], '×': [205, 218], '10−3': [206], 's−1': [207, 220], '2.0%': [214], 'NaOH,': [215], '7.0': [217], '10−4': [219], 'ethanol.': [222]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045692292', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T14:10:57.199314', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}