Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2044647181', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142', 'title': 'Why would Musical Training Benefit the Neural Encoding of Speech? The OPERA Hypothesis', 'display_name': 'Why would Musical Training Benefit the Neural Encoding of Speech? The OPERA Hypothesis', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2044647181', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142', 'mag': '2044647181', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21747773', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3128244'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S9692511', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Psychology', 'issn_l': '1664-1078', 'issn': ['1664-1078'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001080729', 'display_name': 'Aniruddh D. Patel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-9341'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I186667990', 'display_name': 'Neurosciences Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0460vf117', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I186667990']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I92507152', 'display_name': 'John Jay College of Criminal Justice', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01p9rc392', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I92507152']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Aniruddh D. Patel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Neurosciences Institute, Theoretical Neurobiology, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Dr., San Diego, 92121, CA, United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Neurosciences Institute, Theoretical Neurobiology, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Dr., San Diego, 92121, CA, United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I186667990', 'https://openalex.org/I92507152']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5001080729'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I186667990', 'https://openalex.org/I92507152'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 14.812, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 564, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999926, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2', 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10788', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience and Music Perception', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10788', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience and Music Perception', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10283', 'display_name': 'Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neural dynamics and brain function', 'score': 0.995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/repetition', 'display_name': 'Repetition (rhetorical device)', 'score': 0.44012612}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6234458}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C558565934', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743', 'display_name': 'Musical', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56387943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28490314', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436', 'display_name': 'Speech recognition', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48669273}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125411270', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653', 'display_name': 'Encoding (memory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44525298}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776141515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479', 'display_name': 'Repetition (rhetorical device)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44012612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43142676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32357275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24888042}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153349607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649', 'display_name': 'Visual arts', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S9692511', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Psychology', 'issn_l': '1664-1078', 'issn': ['1664-1078'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3128244', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3128244?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128244', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21747773', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S9692511', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Psychology', 'issn_l': '1664-1078', 'issn': ['1664-1078'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'score': 0.86, 'display_name': 'Quality education'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 90, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W164780675', 'https://openalex.org/W1728219059', 'https://openalex.org/W182096573', 'https://openalex.org/W1946318686', 'https://openalex.org/W1965248225', 'https://openalex.org/W1967852455', 'https://openalex.org/W1969724173', 'https://openalex.org/W1970156416', 'https://openalex.org/W1973412860', 'https://openalex.org/W1975666537', 'https://openalex.org/W1985572585', 'https://openalex.org/W1987334222', 'https://openalex.org/W1987435081', 'https://openalex.org/W1989547833', 'https://openalex.org/W1990707414', 'https://openalex.org/W1990758888', 'https://openalex.org/W1996760360', 'https://openalex.org/W1999686891', 'https://openalex.org/W2004125743', 'https://openalex.org/W2006718624', 'https://openalex.org/W2007557128', 'https://openalex.org/W2007634388', 'https://openalex.org/W2012754613', 'https://openalex.org/W2016587151', 'https://openalex.org/W2017357066', 'https://openalex.org/W2025617527', 'https://openalex.org/W2028765937', 'https://openalex.org/W2028895660', 'https://openalex.org/W2030248542', 'https://openalex.org/W2037918173', 'https://openalex.org/W2040809236', 'https://openalex.org/W2042546293', 'https://openalex.org/W2045687012', 'https://openalex.org/W2046899508', 'https://openalex.org/W2048427009', 'https://openalex.org/W2051353051', 'https://openalex.org/W2054922438', 'https://openalex.org/W2063001974', 'https://openalex.org/W2068162527', 'https://openalex.org/W2072658865', 'https://openalex.org/W2074631568', 'https://openalex.org/W2079450009', 'https://openalex.org/W2080271508', 'https://openalex.org/W2081697800', 'https://openalex.org/W2083150540', 'https://openalex.org/W2083315447', 'https://openalex.org/W2086760348', 'https://openalex.org/W2091174247', 'https://openalex.org/W2092566300', 'https://openalex.org/W2093545276', 'https://openalex.org/W2094037165', 'https://openalex.org/W2100440797', 'https://openalex.org/W2105000456', 'https://openalex.org/W2105202507', 'https://openalex.org/W2106997138', 'https://openalex.org/W2108410513', 'https://openalex.org/W2108491341', 'https://openalex.org/W2108838076', 'https://openalex.org/W2111115691', 'https://openalex.org/W2111884236', 'https://openalex.org/W2115826198', 'https://openalex.org/W2121938245', 'https://openalex.org/W2123174056', 'https://openalex.org/W2126819724', 'https://openalex.org/W2127333663', 'https://openalex.org/W2128210181', 'https://openalex.org/W2130304234', 'https://openalex.org/W2135342477', 'https://openalex.org/W2136431242', 'https://openalex.org/W2140686411', 'https://openalex.org/W2142359311', 'https://openalex.org/W2144078515', 'https://openalex.org/W2148734646', 'https://openalex.org/W2151116952', 'https://openalex.org/W2152615370', 'https://openalex.org/W2152734555', 'https://openalex.org/W2154320805', 'https://openalex.org/W2154849048', 'https://openalex.org/W2156181219', 'https://openalex.org/W2157982733', 'https://openalex.org/W2166264330', 'https://openalex.org/W2169191420', 'https://openalex.org/W2566129194', 'https://openalex.org/W261577', 'https://openalex.org/W2920838562', 'https://openalex.org/W4254340550', 'https://openalex.org/W4256689234', 'https://openalex.org/W4383851218', 'https://openalex.org/W4388365912', 'https://openalex.org/W643591744'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3011277146', 'https://openalex.org/W2996195527', 'https://openalex.org/W2978375718', 'https://openalex.org/W2916738897', 'https://openalex.org/W2801329620', 'https://openalex.org/W2612358220', 'https://openalex.org/W2392934913', 'https://openalex.org/W2387559381', 'https://openalex.org/W2351132524', 'https://openalex.org/W2003474770'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Mounting': [0], 'evidence': [1], 'suggests': [2], 'that': [3, 26, 38, 59, 100, 113, 126], 'musical': [4, 98, 111, 124, 199], 'training': [5, 200], 'benefits': [6, 20, 28], 'the': [7, 56, 91, 97, 110, 123, 137, 148, 182], 'neural': [8, 145], 'encoding': [9, 186], 'of': [10, 90, 93, 187], 'speech.': [11], 'This': [12], 'paper': [13], 'offers': [14], 'a': [15], 'hypothesis': [16, 24, 176], 'specifying': [17], 'why': [18], 'such': [19, 27], 'occur.': [21], 'The': [22, 174], '"OPERA"': [23], 'proposes': [25], 'are': [29, 45, 117, 130, 143], 'driven': [30], 'by': [31, 197], 'adaptive': [32], 'plasticity': [33, 40, 146], 'in': [34, 55, 65, 88, 150, 189], 'speech-processing': [35], 'networks,': [36], 'and': [37, 68, 120, 193], 'this': [39, 102, 115, 128], 'occurs': [41], 'when': [42, 140], 'five': [43], 'conditions': [44, 142], 'met.': [46], 'These': [47], 'are:': [48], '1)': [49], 'Overlap:': [50], 'there': [51], 'is': [52, 177], 'anatomical': [53], 'overlap': [54], 'brain': [57], 'networks': [58, 84, 149, 168], 'process': [60], 'an': [61], 'acoustic': [62], 'feature': [63], 'used': [64, 178], 'both': [66], 'music': [67, 77], 'speech': [69, 161, 165, 171, 188], '(e.g.,': [70], 'waveform': [71], 'periodicity,': [72], 'amplitude': [73], 'envelope),': [74], '2)': [75], 'Precision:': [76], 'places': [78], 'higher': [79, 155], 'demands': [80], 'on': [81], 'these': [82, 141, 167], 'shared': [83], 'than': [85, 157], 'does': [86], 'speech,': [87], 'terms': [89], 'precision': [92, 156], 'processing,': [94], '3)': [95], 'Emotion:': [96], 'activities': [99, 112, 125], 'engage': [101, 114, 127], 'network': [103, 116, 129], 'elicit': [104], 'strong': [105], 'positive': [106], 'emotion,': [107], '4)': [108], 'Repetition:': [109], 'frequently': [118], 'repeated,': [119], '5)': [121], 'Attention:': [122], 'associated': [131], 'with': [132, 154, 169], 'focused': [133], 'attention.': [134], 'According': [135], 'to': [136, 152, 179, 194], 'OPERA': [138, 175], 'hypothesis,': [139], 'met': [144], 'drives': [147], 'question': [151], 'function': [153], 'needed': [158], 'for': [159, 181], 'ordinary': [160], 'communication.': [162], 'Yet': [163], 'since': [164], 'shares': [166], 'music,': [170], 'processing': [172], 'benefits.': [173], 'account': [180], 'observed': [183], 'superior': [184], 'subcortical': [185], 'musically': [190], 'trained': [191], 'individuals,': [192], 'suggest': [195], 'mechanisms': [196], 'which': [198], 'might': [201], 'improve': [202], 'linguistic': [203], 'reading': [204], 'abilities.': [205]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044647181', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 79}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 53}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 52}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 39}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 30}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-03T19:11:35.633002', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}