Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2044452588', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(03)00098-7', 'title': 'On the independence of equations in three variables', 'display_name': 'On the independence of equations in three variables', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2044452588', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(03)00098-7', 'mag': '2044452588'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(03)00098-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S90727058', 'display_name': 'Theoretical Computer Science', 'issn_l': '0304-3975', 'issn': ['0304-3975', '1879-2294'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054372678', 'display_name': 'Tero Harju', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-6309'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183173800', 'display_name': 'Turku Centre for Computer Science', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00vy7ed73', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130217899', 'https://openalex.org/I155660961', 'https://openalex.org/I183173800']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155660961', 'display_name': 'University of Turku', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05vghhr25', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155660961']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tero Harju', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Turku Centre for Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, TUCS, University of Turku, Turku, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Turku Centre for Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, TUCS, University of Turku, Turku, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183173800', 'https://openalex.org/I155660961']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077221909', 'display_name': 'Dirk Nowotka', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-2229'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183173800', 'display_name': 'Turku Centre for Computer Science', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00vy7ed73', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130217899', 'https://openalex.org/I155660961', 'https://openalex.org/I183173800']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I155660961', 'display_name': 'University of Turku', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05vghhr25', 'country_code': 'FI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I155660961']}], 'countries': ['FI'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dirk Nowotka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Turku Centre for Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, TUCS, University of Turku, Turku, Finland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Turku Centre for Computer Science, Department of Mathematics, TUCS, University of Turku, Turku, Finland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183173800', 'https://openalex.org/I155660961']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2690, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2690, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 22, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.834691, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 86, 'max': 87}, 'biblio': {'volume': '307', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '139', 'last_page': '172'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11567', 'display_name': 'semigroups and automata theory', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11567', 'display_name': 'semigroups and automata theory', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10588', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2610', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12162', 'display_name': 'Cellular Automata and Applications', 'score': 0.9887, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1703', 'display_name': 'Computational Theory and Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-equation', 'display_name': 'Independent equation', 'score': 0.7647259}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/independence', 'display_name': 'Independence', 'score': 0.6176669}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-equations', 'display_name': 'Theory of equations', 'score': 0.51086324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/variables', 'display_name': 'Variables', 'score': 0.4325823}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170036204', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735660', 'display_name': 'Simultaneous equations', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8248741}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200602138', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16979193', 'display_name': 'Independent equation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7647259}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.76371956}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C35651441', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303', 'display_name': 'Independence (probability theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6176669}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177264268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741', 'display_name': 'Set (abstract data type)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5894466}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94523830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11203', 'display_name': 'System of linear equations', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5734349}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30388316', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551226', 'display_name': 'Theory of equations', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.51086324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64543145', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942', 'display_name': 'Intersection (aeronautics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46060258}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C28826006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521', 'display_name': 'Applied mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43680152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27574286', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723', 'display_name': 'Variables', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4325823}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3643278}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78045399', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214', 'display_name': 'Differential equation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26020676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186219872', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q955889', 'display_name': 'Differential algebraic equation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.22667465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12635761}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51544822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465274', 'display_name': 'Ordinary differential equation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.11991075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.071899235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146978453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668', 'display_name': 'Aerospace engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(03)00098-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S90727058', 'display_name': 'Theoretical Computer Science', 'issn_l': '0304-3975', 'issn': ['0304-3975', '1879-2294'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 6, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W137071685', 'https://openalex.org/W1514324498', 'https://openalex.org/W1586417893', 'https://openalex.org/W169154337', 'https://openalex.org/W1984520848', 'https://openalex.org/W2021028197'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W960957809', 'https://openalex.org/W4386770668', 'https://openalex.org/W4283764050', 'https://openalex.org/W2460529040', 'https://openalex.org/W2178949136', 'https://openalex.org/W2044452588', 'https://openalex.org/W1991373942', 'https://openalex.org/W1982123151', 'https://openalex.org/W153415882', 'https://openalex.org/W1528693769'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044452588', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T19:12:03.898721', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}