Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2041037216', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/452448', 'title': 'Rural Nonagricultural Employment and Poverty in Ecuador', 'display_name': 'Rural Nonagricultural Employment and Poverty in Ecuador', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2041037216', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/452448', 'mag': '2041037216'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/452448', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S71670289', 'display_name': 'Economic Development and Cultural Change', 'issn_l': '0013-0079', 'issn': ['0013-0079', '1539-2988'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080688260', 'display_name': 'Peter Lanjouw', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-7890'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I865915315', 'display_name': 'Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/008xxew50', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I865915315']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Lanjouw', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, and The World Bank'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, and The World Bank', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I865915315']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5080688260'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I865915315'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 11.712, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 123, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.979534, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '48', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '91', 'last_page': '122'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10987', 'display_name': 'Microfinance, Gender Empowerment, and Economic Development', 'score': 0.9657, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10987', 'display_name': 'Microfinance, Gender Empowerment, and Economic Development', 'score': 0.9657, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12786', 'display_name': 'Frugal Innovation in Emerging Markets', 'score': 0.9644, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1403', 'display_name': 'Business and International Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11886', 'display_name': 'Risk Management and Vulnerability in Agriculture', 'score': 0.964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1111', 'display_name': 'Soil Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/download', 'display_name': 'Download', 'score': 0.5640239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-economies', 'display_name': 'Rural Economies', 'score': 0.549846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-poverty', 'display_name': 'Rural poverty', 'score': 0.41880694}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C189326681', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294', 'display_name': 'Poverty', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7224115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780154274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717', 'display_name': 'Download', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5640239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778452349', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19708004', 'display_name': 'Rural poverty', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41880694}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41747975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35027206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29055214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/452448', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S71670289', 'display_name': 'Economic Development and Cultural Change', 'issn_l': '0013-0079', 'issn': ['0013-0079', '1539-2988'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8', 'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth', 'score': 0.48}, {'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1', 'display_name': 'No poverty', 'score': 0.45}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 1, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W55579172'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3123583930', 'https://openalex.org/W2390341034', 'https://openalex.org/W2387515327', 'https://openalex.org/W2385677331', 'https://openalex.org/W2385023544', 'https://openalex.org/W2375358705', 'https://openalex.org/W2360985851', 'https://openalex.org/W2056227721', 'https://openalex.org/W1552261815', 'https://openalex.org/W1483194811'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessRural': [4], 'Nonagricultural': [5], 'Employment': [6, 245, 640, 1067], 'and': [7, 15, 29, 45, 154, 194, 283, 339, 448, 494, 510, 618, 643, 661, 711, 730, 808, 825, 843, 868, 943, 1045, 1068, 1094, 1122, 1153, 1159, 1177, 1198, 1207, 1250, 1275, 1313, 1332, 1375], 'Poverty': [8, 131, 619, 826, 1154, 1222, 1333], 'in': [9, 110, 136, 164, 169, 182, 197, 220, 246, 281, 286, 342, 373, 402, 408, 470, 473, 501, 526, 529, 561, 582, 621, 645, 664, 705, 761, 782, 803, 848, 873, 1047, 1075, 1099, 1131, 1156, 1183, 1201, 1205, 1223, 1272, 1297, 1315, 1334, 1378], 'EcuadorPeter': [10], 'LanjouwPeter': [11], 'LanjouwVrije': [12], 'Universiteit,': [13, 27], 'Amsterdam,': [14, 28], 'The': [16, 30, 70, 138, 161, 253, 268, 330, 422, 520, 531, 632, 658, 725, 818, 838, 861, 1089, 1149, 1245, 1291], 'World': [17, 31, 625, 828, 851, 926, 1234, 1300, 1318, 1338], 'Bank': [18], 'Search': [19], 'for': [20, 225, 250, 555, 668, 823, 1228, 1382], 'more': [21], 'articles': [22, 82], 'by': [23, 42, 69], 'this': [24, 59, 84], 'author': [25], 'Vrije': [26], 'BankPDFPDF': [32], 'PLUS': [33], 'Add': [34], 'to': [35, 104, 274, 428, 558, 755, 1066], 'favoritesDownload': [36], 'CitationTrack': [37], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [38], 'Share': [39], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [40], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [41], 'Economic': [43, 251, 478, 893], 'Development': [44, 202, 509, 626, 712, 740, 829, 852, 927, 1052, 1230, 1235, 1301, 1319, 1339, 1384], 'Cultural': [46], 'Change': [47], 'Volume': [48], '48,': [49], 'Number': [50], '1October': [51], '1999': [52, 68], 'Article': [53], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/452448': [54], 'Views:': [55], '129Total': [56], 'views': [57], 'on': [58, 308, 335, 497, 845, 865, 946], 'site': [60], 'Citations:': [61], '53Citations': [62], 'are': [63], 'reported': [64], 'from': [65, 312, 735, 949, 1072, 1252], 'Crossref': [66, 78], '©': [67], 'University': [71], 'of': [72, 114, 141, 166, 200, 214, 217, 256, 270, 277, 290, 304, 315, 332, 367, 370, 380, 399, 412, 424, 434, 455, 489, 508, 522, 533, 574, 586, 635, 648, 674, 701, 728, 739, 840, 863, 921, 1051, 1091, 1097, 1126, 1129, 1163, 1231, 1277, 1293], 'Chicago.': [73], 'All': [74], 'rights': [75], 'reserved.PDF': [76], 'download': [77], 'reports': [79], 'the': [80, 167, 275, 368, 400, 403, 429, 523, 583, 646, 675, 783, 804, 1095, 1127, 1178, 1229, 1335], 'following': [81], 'citing': [83], 'article:': [85], 'Zeeshan,': [86, 324], 'Mohd': [87, 358, 360], 'Arshad': [88], 'Khan,': [89, 92, 206], 'Md': [90, 97, 363], 'Riyazuddin': [91], 'Neena': [93], 'Pandey,': [94], 'Isha': [95], 'Kaushik,': [96], 'Nurul': [98], 'Hoda,': [99], 'Noorsaba': [100], 'Khatoon': [101], 'How': [102], 'access': [103], 'non‐farm': [105], 'income': [106, 492, 942, 1199], 'affects': [107], 'farm': [108, 491], 'investment': [109, 659], 'rural': [111, 378, 474, 498, 527, 665, 669, 707, 736, 762, 866, 1202, 1246, 1281], 'India?,': [112], 'Journal': [113, 140, 199, 255, 289, 433, 454, 507, 532, 585, 673, 738, 1036, 1079, 1137, 1167, 1388], 'Public': [115], 'Affairs': [116], '22,': [117], 'no.44': [118, 229, 743, 977, 1286], '(Mar': [119, 146, 460, 879, 955, 1304, 1322, 1342], '2021).https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2681Shiba': [120], 'Shankar': [121], 'Pattayat,': [122], 'Jajati': [123], 'Keshari': [124], 'Parida,': [125], 'I.': [126], 'C.': [127], 'Awasthi': [128], 'Reducing': [129], 'Rural': [130, 243, 291, 313, 343, 404, 587, 622, 777, 786, 819, 849, 922, 940, 1026, 1048, 1150, 1221, 1298, 1316, 1329, 1372, 1383], 'Through': [132], 'Non-farm': [133, 244, 306, 820, 1151], 'Job': [134], 'Creation': [135], 'India,': [137, 223, 344], 'Indian': [139, 254], 'Labour': [142, 257], 'Economics': [143, 227, 258, 512, 765, 876, 952, 1053, 1211, 1256], '65,': [144], 'no.11': [145, 351, 481, 789, 896, 929, 1055, 1107, 1237, 1258, 1362], '2022):': [147, 157, 173, 185], '137–160.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00359-9Krys': [148], 'Ochia': [149, 159], 'Marketplace': [150], 'Entrepreneurs,': [151], 'Mobility': [152], 'Infrastructure,': [153], 'Linkages,': [155], '(Jan': [156, 172, 184, 439, 715, 930, 1037, 1080, 1108, 1138, 1168, 1238, 1363, 1389], '15–48.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87556-5_2Krys': [158], 'Onitsha:': [160], 'Largest': [162, 168], 'Market': [163], 'Nigeria—One': [165], 'West': [170], 'Africa,': [171], '49–80.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87556-5_3Tšepiso': [174], 'A.': [175, 264, 518, 612, 1170], 'Rantšo': [176, 519], 'Technology': [177], 'Innovation': [178], 'Among': [179], 'Handicraft': [180], 'Artisans': [181], 'Lesotho,': [183, 287, 530], '239–257.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82303-0_14Mamoudou': [186], 'Ba,': [187], 'Amar': [188], 'Anwar,': [189], 'Mazhar': [190], 'Mughal': [191], 'Non‐farm': [192], 'employment': [193, 671], 'poverty': [195, 376, 500, 726, 867], 'reduction': [196], 'Mauritania,': [198], 'International': [201, 288, 453], '51': [203], '(Feb': [204, 387, 482, 897, 978, 1056], '2021).https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3533Waseem': [205], 'Mohammed': [207], 'Jamshed,': [208], 'Sana': [209], 'Fatima,': [210], 'Aruna': [211], 'Dhamija': [212], 'Determinants': [213, 488, 1292], 'Income': [215, 307, 338, 406, 572, 923, 1027, 1295], 'Diversification': [216, 1296], 'Farm': [218, 279, 336], "Households'": [219, 337], 'Uttar': [221], 'Pradesh,': [222], 'Forum': [224], 'Social': [226, 1376], '49,': [228], '(Sep': [230, 261, 417], '2019):': [231, 353], '465–483.https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2019.1666728Anjani': [232], 'Kumar,': [233], 'Nijara': [234], 'Deka,': [235], 'Seema': [236], 'Bathla,': [237], 'Sunil': [238], 'Saroj,': [239], 'S.': [240, 609, 748], 'K.': [241], 'Srivastava': [242], 'Eastern': [247, 1100], 'India:': [248], 'Implications': [249, 1381], 'Well-being,': [252], '63,': [259], 'no.33': [260, 680, 1303, 1321, 1341], '2020):': [262, 295, 322], '657–676.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00243-4Tšepiso': [263], 'Rantšo,': [265], 'Moipone': [266], 'Makhobotloane': [267], 'Contribution': [269], 'Lesotho': [271], 'Dairy': [272, 278], 'Products': [273], 'Livelihoods': [276], 'Households': [280, 305], 'Maseru': [282], 'Berea': [284], 'Districts': [285], 'Management': [292], '24': [293], '(Jun': [294, 352], '097300522093038.https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220930383Md.salamun': [296], 'RASHİDİN,': [297], 'Sara': [298, 938], 'JAVED,': [299], 'Dr.': [300], 'Bin': [301], 'LİU': [302], 'Ramifications': [303], 'Agricultural': [309, 477, 511, 875, 951, 1210, 1255], 'Productivity:': [310], 'Evidence': [311, 1071], 'Area': [314, 411], 'Pakistan,': [316, 381, 1049], 'Tekirdağ': [317], 'Ziraat': [318], 'Fakültesi': [319], 'Dergisi': [320], '(May': [321, 539, 855], '108–123.https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.518975.': [323], 'Geetilaxmi': [325], 'Mohapatra,': [326], 'Arun': [327], 'Kumar': [328, 444], 'Giri': [329], 'Effects': [331, 1090], 'Non-Farm': [333, 614, 846], 'Enterprises': [334, 847], 'Consumption': [340], 'Expenditure': [341], 'Economía': [345], 'Agraria': [346], 'y': [347], 'Recursos': [348], 'Naturales': [349], '19,': [350, 679], '195.https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2019.01.10Muhammad': [354], 'Abrar': [355], 'ul': [356], 'haq,': [357], 'Razani': [359], 'Jali,': [361], 'Gazi': [362], 'Nural': [364], 'Islam': [365], 'Assessment': [366], 'role': [369, 521], 'household': [371, 379, 499, 702], 'empowerment': [372], 'alleviating': [374], 'participatory': [375], 'among': [377, 776], 'Quality': [382, 844], '&': [383, 1000, 1103], 'Quantity': [384], '52,': [385], 'no.66': [386, 438, 1187], '2018):': [388, 418, 440], '2795–2814.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-018-0710-0Yun': [389], 'Xu,': [390], 'Xiaoping': [391], 'Qiu,': [392], 'Xueting': [393], 'Yang,': [394], 'Guojie': [395], 'Chen': [396, 657], 'Factor': [397], 'Decomposition': [398], 'Changes': [401], 'Regional': [405], 'Inequality': [407, 1314], 'Southwestern': [409], 'Mountainous': [410], 'China,': [413, 475, 874], 'Sustainability': [414], '10,': [415, 1002, 1054], 'no.99': [416], '3171.https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093171,': [419], 'J.': [420, 908, 981, 1015, 1143], 'Dürr': [421], 'contribution': [423], 'vegetable': [425], 'value': [426], 'chains': [427], 'Guatemalan': [430], 'economy,': [431], 'European': [432], 'Horticultural': [435], 'Science': [436], '82,': [437], '311–318.https://doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2017/82.6.6Anita': [441], 'Kumari,': [442], 'Anil': [443], 'Sharma': [445], 'Infrastructure': [446, 457, 841], 'financing': [447], 'development:': [449], 'A': [450, 779, 918, 1030, 1124, 1161, 1370], 'bibliometric': [451], 'review,': [452], 'Critical': [456], 'Protection': [458], '16': [459], '2017):': [461, 483], '49–65.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.005Yuanxiang': [462], 'Liu': [463], 'Pushed': [464], 'out': [465], 'or': [466], 'pulled': [467], 'in?': [468], 'Participation': [469], 'non-farm': [471, 524, 670, 1247], 'activities': [472, 704, 1197], 'China': [476], 'Review': [479, 894, 1050], '9,': [480], '111–129.https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-11-2015-0166Eshetu': [484], 'Fassil,': [485], 'Mekonnen': [486], 'Elias': [487], 'off': [490], 'diversification': [493, 573, 1271], 'its': [495, 944], 'effect': [496], 'Gamo': [502], 'Gofa': [503], 'Zone,': [504], 'Southern': [505], 'Ethiopia,': [506], '8,': [513], 'no.1010': [514, 831], '(Oct': [515, 650, 768, 832, 1259], '2016):': [516, 540, 564], '215–227.https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2016-0736Tšepiso': [517], 'sector': [525], 'development': [528], 'Modern': [534], 'African': [535], 'Studies': [536, 588], '54,': [537], 'no.22': [538, 714, 878, 954, 1003, 1213], '317–338.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X16000197Giacomo': [541], 'Fedele,': [542], 'Febrina': [543], 'Desrianti,': [544], 'Adi': [545], 'Gangga,': [546], 'Florie': [547], 'Chazarin,': [548], 'Houria': [549], 'Djoudi,': [550], 'Bruno': [551], 'Locatelli': [552], 'Ecosystem-Based': [553], 'Strategies': [554, 1374], 'Community': [556], 'Resilience': [557], 'Climate': [559, 710], 'Variability': [560], 'Indonesia,': [562, 850], '(Aug': [563, 1214, 1287], '529–552.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43633-3_23Cristian': [565], 'Vasco': [566], 'Pérez,': [567], 'Richard': [568], 'Bilsborrow,': [569], 'Bolier': [570], 'Torres': [571], 'migrant': [575], 'colonists': [576], 'vs.': [577], 'indigenous': [578], 'populations:': [579], 'Contrasting': [580], 'strategies': [581], 'Amazon,': [584, 785], '42': [589], '(Dec': [590, 603, 628, 744, 790, 1004, 1188], '2015):': [591, 604], '1–10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.003LAURO': [592], 'MATTEI,': [593], 'Emprego': [594], 'agrícola:': [595], 'cenários': [596], 'e': [597], 'tendências,': [598], 'Estudos': [599], 'Avançados': [600], '29,': [601, 1302, 1320, 1340], 'no.8585': [602], '35–52.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142015008500004Trung': [605], 'X.': [606], 'Hoang,': [607], 'Cong': [608], 'Pham,': [610], 'Mehmet': [611], 'Ulubaşoğlu': [613], 'Activity,': [615], 'Household': [616, 1092], 'Expenditure,': [617], 'Reduction': [620], 'Vietnam:': [623], '2002–2008,': [624], '64': [627], '2014):': [629, 651, 682, 716], '554–568.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.06.027Liliana': [630], 'Goldín': [631], 'Labor': [633], 'Topography': [634], 'Central': [636], 'Highland': [637], 'Guatemala': [638], 'Youth:': [639], 'Diversification,': [641], 'Health,': [642], 'Education': [644, 1130], 'Context': [647], 'Poverty,': [649], '315–347.https://doi.org/10.1108/S0190-128120140000034011Mona': [652], 'Sur,': [653], 'Jian': [654], 'Zhang,': [655], 'Kevin': [656], 'climate': [660], 'enterprise': [662], 'performance': [663], 'Pakistan:': [666], 'implications': [667], 'generation,': [672], 'Asia': [676], 'Pacific': [677, 892], 'Economy': [678, 1152], '(Apr': [681], '488–505.https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2014.908537Sarah': [683], 'Ann': [684, 1264], 'Lise': [685], "D'haen,": [686], 'Jonas': [687], 'Østergaard': [688], 'Nielsen,': [689], 'Eric': [690], 'F.': [691], 'Lambin': [692], 'Beyond': [693], 'local': [694], 'climate:': [695], 'rainfall': [696], 'variability': [697], 'as': [698, 1086], 'a': [699, 870], 'determinant': [700], 'nonfarm': [703, 941], 'contemporary': [706], 'Burkina': [708], 'Faso,': [709], '6,': [713], '144–165.https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2013.867246Emmanuel': [717], 'Skoufias,': [718], 'Mishel': [719], 'Unar,': [720], 'Teresa': [721], 'Gonzalez': [722], 'de': [723], 'Cossio': [724], 'impacts': [727], 'cash': [729], 'in-kind': [731], 'transfers:': [732], 'experimental': [733], 'evidence': [734, 948, 1251], 'Mexico,': [737], 'Effectiveness': [741], '5,': [742], '2013):': [745, 769], '401–429.https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2013.843578C.': [746], 'Duvivier,': [747], 'Li,': [749], 'M.-F.': [750], 'Renard': [751], 'Are': [752], 'workers': [753], 'close': [754], 'cities': [756], 'paid': [757], 'higher': [758], 'nonagricultural': [759], 'wages': [760], 'China?,': [763], 'Applied': [764], '45,': [766], 'no.3030': [767], '4308–4322.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.778953Leah': [770], 'VanWey,': [771], 'Trina': [772], 'Vithayathil': [773], 'Off-farm': [774], 'Work': [775], 'Households:': [778], 'Case': [780], 'Study': [781], 'Brazilian': [784, 1336], 'Sociology': [787], '78,': [788], '2012):': [791, 811], '29–50.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2012.00094.xJeffrey': [792], 'Alwang,': [793], 'George': [794], 'W.': [795], 'Norton,': [796], 'Victor': [797], 'Barrera,': [798], 'Ruben': [799], 'Botello': [800], 'Conservation': [801], 'Agriculture': [802], 'Andean': [805], 'Highlands:': [806], 'Promise': [807], 'Precautions,': [809], '(Nov': [810], '21–38.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33584-6_3Steven': [812], 'Haggblade,': [813], 'Peter': [814, 1243, 1308, 1327], 'Hazell,': [815], 'Thomas': [816], 'Reardon': [817], 'Economy:': [821], 'Prospects': [822], 'Growth': [824], 'Reduction,': [827], '38,': [830, 853, 928], '2010):': [833, 856, 880, 898, 931], '1429–1441.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.008John': [834], 'Gibson,': [835], 'Susan': [836], 'Olivia': [837], 'Effect': [839], 'Access': [842], 'no.55': [854], '717–726.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.010Nong': [857], 'Zhu,': [858], 'Xubei': [859], 'Luo': [860], 'impact': [862, 945], 'migration': [864], 'inequality:': [869], 'case': [871], 'study': [872], '41,': [877], '191–204.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00434.xPeter': [881], 'Warr': [882], 'ROADS': [883], 'AND': [884], 'POVERTY': [885], 'IN': [886], 'RURAL': [887, 1350], 'LAOS:': [888], 'AN': [889], 'ECONOMETRIC': [890], 'ANALYSIS,': [891], '15,': [895, 976, 1361], '152–169.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2009.00494.xBenjamin': [899], 'Davis,': [900, 1007, 1141, 1193], 'Paul': [901, 1008], 'Winters,': [902, 1009, 1191, 1366], 'Gero': [903], 'Carletto,': [904, 935, 1011], 'Katia': [905, 1012], 'Covarrubias,': [906, 1013], 'Esteban': [907, 1014], 'Quiñones,': [909, 1016], 'Alberto': [910, 1017], 'Zezza,': [911, 1018], 'Kostas': [912, 1019], 'Stamoulis,': [913, 1020], 'Carlo': [914], 'Azzarri,': [915], 'Stefania': [916, 1023], 'DiGiuseppe': [917], 'Cross-Country': [919], 'Comparison': [920], 'Generating': [924, 1028], 'Activities,': [925], '48–63.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.01.003Talip': [932], 'Kilic,': [933], 'Calogero': [934, 1010], 'Juna': [936], 'Miluka,': [937], 'Savastano': [939], 'agriculture:': [947], 'Albania,': [950], '40,': [953], '2009):': [956], '139–160.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00366.xAntonio': [957], 'Estache': [958], 'Infrastructures': [959], 'et': [960, 968], 'développement': [961, 974], ':': [962], 'une': [963], 'revue': [964], 'des': [965], 'débats': [966], 'récents': [967], 'à': [969], 'venir,': [970], 'Revue': [971], "d'économie": [972], 'du': [973], 'Vol.': [975], '2008):': [979], '5–53.https://doi.org/10.3917/edd.214.0005Thomas': [980], 'Burns,': [982], 'Terri': [983], 'LeMoyne': [984], 'Como': [985], 'os': [986], 'movimentos': [987], 'ambientalistas': [988], 'podem': [989], 'ser': [990], 'mais': [991], 'eficazes:': [992], 'priorizando': [993], 'temas': [994], 'ambientais': [995], 'no': [996], 'discurso': [997], 'político,': [998], 'Ambiente': [999], 'Sociedade': [1001], '2007):': [1005], '61–82.https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-753X2007000200005Benjamin': [1006], 'Genny': [1021], 'Bonomi,': [1022], 'Di': [1024], 'Giuseppe': [1025], 'Activities:': [1029], 'Cross': [1031], 'Country': [1032], 'Comparison,': [1033], 'SSRN': [1034, 1077, 1135, 1165, 1386], 'Electronic': [1035, 1078, 1136, 1166, 1387], '2007).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3307433Takashi': [1038], 'Kurosaki,': [1039], 'Humayun': [1040], 'Khan': [1041], 'Human': [1042, 1184], 'Capital,': [1043], 'Productivity,': [1044], 'Stratification': [1046], '2006):': [1057], '116–134.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2005.00305.xHannah': [1058], 'Chaplin,': [1059], 'Sophia': [1060], 'M': [1061], 'Davidova,': [1062], 'Matthew': [1063], 'Gorton': [1064], 'Impediments': [1065], 'Enterprise': [1069], 'Diversification:': [1070], 'Small-scale': [1073], 'Farms': [1074], 'Poland,': [1076], '2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.922254KENDRA': [1081], 'MCSWEENEY': [1082], 'Forest': [1083], 'Product': [1084], 'Sale': [1085], 'Natural': [1087, 1104], 'Insurance:': [1088], 'Characteristics': [1093], 'Nature': [1096], 'Shock': [1098], 'Honduras,': [1101], 'Society': [1102], 'Resources': [1105], '17,': [1106], '2004):': [1109], '39–56.https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920490247245Justin': [1110], 'van': [1111, 1115], 'der': [1112], 'Sluis,': [1113], 'Mirjam': [1114], 'Praag,': [1116], 'Wim': [1117], 'P.M.': [1118], 'Vijverberg': [1119], 'Entrepreneurship': [1120], 'Selection': [1121], 'Performance:': [1123], 'Meta-analysis': [1125], 'Impact': [1128], 'Less': [1132], 'Developed': [1133], 'Countries,': [1134], '2004).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.625903Junior': [1139], 'R.': [1140], 'D.J.': [1142], 'Bezemer,': [1144], 'Monica': [1145], 'Janowski,': [1146], 'Tiago': [1147], 'Wandschneider': [1148], 'Alleviation': [1155], 'Armenia,': [1157], 'Georgia': [1158], 'Romania:': [1160], 'Synthesis': [1162], 'Findings,': [1164], '2004).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.695183Geoff': [1169], 'Wiilson,': [1171], 'Jonathan': [1172], 'Rigg': [1173], "'Post-productivist'": [1174], 'agricultural': [1175], 'regimes': [1176], 'South:': [1179], 'discordant': [1180], 'concepts?,': [1181], 'Progress': [1182], 'Geography': [1185], '27,': [1186, 1212], '2003):': [1189], '681–707.https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132503ph450oaPaul': [1190], 'Benjamin': [1192], 'Leonardo': [1194, 1367], 'Corral': [1195], 'Assets,': [1196], 'generation': [1200], 'Mexico:': [1203], 'factoring': [1204], 'social': [1206], 'public': [1208], 'capital,': [1209], '2002):': [1215, 1239], '139–156.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2002.tb00112.xJesko': [1216], 'Hentschel,': [1217], 'William': [1218], 'F': [1219], 'Waters': [1220], 'Ecuador:': [1224], 'Assessing': [1225], 'Local': [1226], 'Realities': [1227], 'Anti-poverty': [1232], 'Programs,': [1233], '30,': [1236], '33–47.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00099-7Jean': [1240], 'O.': [1241], 'Lanjouw,': [1242], 'Lanjouw': [1244, 1309, 1328], 'sector:': [1248], 'issues': [1249], 'developing': [1253], 'countries,': [1254], '26,': [1257, 1285], '2001):': [1260, 1288, 1305, 1323, 1343, 1364], '1–23.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00051.xDavd': [1261], 'Rider': [1262], 'Smith,': [1263], 'Gordon,': [1265], 'Kate': [1266], 'Meadows,': [1267], 'Karen': [1268], 'Zwick': [1269], 'Livelihood': [1270, 1373], 'Uganda:': [1273], 'patterns': [1274], 'determinants': [1276], 'change': [1278], 'across': [1279], 'two': [1280], 'districts,': [1282], 'Food': [1283], 'Policy': [1284], '421–435.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(01)00012-4Javier': [1289], 'Escobal': [1290], 'Nonfarm': [1294, 1330], 'Peru,': [1299], '497–508.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00104-2Chris': [1306], 'Elbers,': [1307], 'Intersectoral': [1310], 'Transfer,': [1311], 'Growth,': [1312], 'Ecuador,': [1317], '481–496.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00110-8Francisco': [1324], 'H.G': [1325], 'Ferreira,': [1326], 'Activities': [1331], 'Northeast,': [1337], '509–528.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00111-XOTAVIO': [1344], 'VALENTIM': [1345], 'BALSADI': [1346], 'MUDANÇAS': [1347], 'NO': [1348], 'MEIO': [1349], 'E': [1351], 'DESAFIOS': [1352], 'PARA': [1353], 'O': [1354], 'DESENVOLVIMENTO': [1355], 'SUSTENTÁVEL,': [1356], 'São': [1357], 'Paulo': [1358], 'em': [1359], 'Perspectiva': [1360], '155–165.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-88392001000100017Paul': [1365], 'Corral,': [1368], 'Gustavo': [1369], 'Gordillo': [1371], 'Capital': [1377], 'Latin': [1379], 'America:': [1380], 'Projects,': [1385], '2001).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3307439': [1390]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041037216', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T06:34:54.067546', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}