Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2040916641', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2015.994905', 'title': "The Discipline's Debate Contributions: Then, Now, and Next", 'display_name': "The Discipline's Debate Contributions: Then, Now, and Next", 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-01-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2040916641', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2015.994905', 'mag': '2040916641'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2015.994905', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S196029703', 'display_name': 'Quarterly Journal of Speech', 'issn_l': '0033-5630', 'issn': ['0033-5630', '1479-5779'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319847', 'host_organization_name': 'Routledge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Routledge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060508167', 'display_name': 'Kathleen Hall Jamieson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-3688'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Kathleen Hall Jamieson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5060508167'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.9, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 36, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.993226, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '101', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '85', 'last_page': '97'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11982', 'display_name': 'Rhetoric and Communication Studies', 'score': 0.9376, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1211', 'display_name': 'Philosophy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11982', 'display_name': 'Rhetoric and Communication Studies', 'score': 0.9376, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1211', 'display_name': 'Philosophy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/presidency', 'display_name': 'Presidency', 'score': 0.8194496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/argument', 'display_name': 'Argument (complex analysis)', 'score': 0.5469279}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/discipline', 'display_name': 'Discipline', 'score': 0.4697312}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781243023', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3558349', 'display_name': 'Presidency', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8194496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778061430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823', 'display_name': 'Scholarship', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.638947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6272299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1370556', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009', 'display_name': 'Rhetoric', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58210343}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197487636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892', 'display_name': 'Presidential system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56836504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98184364', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131', 'display_name': 'Argument (complex analysis)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5469279}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65059942', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105', 'display_name': 'Argumentation theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5399302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.53466684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4967156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8795937', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11862829', 'display_name': 'Discipline', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4697312}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3577781}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74916050', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090', 'display_name': 'Classics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32718232}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28531516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18656078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27206212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178', 'display_name': 'Theology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.144791}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12814906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2015.994905', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S196029703', 'display_name': 'Quarterly Journal of Speech', 'issn_l': '0033-5630', 'issn': ['0033-5630', '1479-5779'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319847', 'host_organization_name': 'Routledge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Routledge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4253901909', 'https://openalex.org/W3168196511', 'https://openalex.org/W3038091507', 'https://openalex.org/W2944012529', 'https://openalex.org/W2774112248', 'https://openalex.org/W2738579759', 'https://openalex.org/W2259117048', 'https://openalex.org/W2072186599', 'https://openalex.org/W2004848148', 'https://openalex.org/W1987885594'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'AbstractAfter': [0], 'arguing': [1], 'that': [2, 47, 76, 1637], 'our': [3, 28], 'disciplinary': [4], 'origins': [5], 'and': [6, 14, 51, 91, 112, 134, 146, 160, 190, 237, 256, 280, 306, 352, 378, 410, 432, 438, 475, 509, 519, 537, 544, 557, 560, 569, 584, 591, 624, 633, 640, 661, 672, 696, 709, 720, 750, 791, 795, 827, 856, 866, 881, 923, 928, 934, 954, 992, 1001, 1015, 1040, 1057, 1074, 1081, 1098, 1108, 1166, 1201, 1225, 1253, 1277, 1294, 1318, 1344, 1361, 1368, 1395, 1404, 1426, 1450, 1461, 1478, 1487, 1500, 1508, 1538, 1546, 1556, 1559, 1565, 1574, 1578, 1587, 1594, 1615, 1626, 1634, 1653, 1661, 1704, 1721, 1729, 1750, 1764, 1772, 1785, 1802, 1816, 1853], 'aptitudes': [7], 'equip': [8], 'us': [9], 'to': [10, 32, 106, 338, 588, 1521, 1807], 'understand': [11], 'the': [12, 26, 52, 60, 63, 193, 213, 257, 441, 491, 514, 522, 555, 618, 756, 798, 887, 964, 996, 1021, 1082, 1111, 1132, 1185, 1239, 1286, 1316, 1319, 1324, 1371, 1379, 1399, 1491, 1529, 1607, 1635, 1639, 1664, 1683, 1698, 1705], 'practice': [13], 'potential': [15], 'of': [16, 25, 62, 72, 95, 174, 179, 195, 201, 210, 220, 235, 239, 262, 313, 360, 385, 419, 424, 443, 459, 490, 513, 554, 574, 581, 680, 703, 728, 758, 762, 797, 803, 886, 889, 940, 966, 978, 1005, 1024, 1051, 1084, 1156, 1208, 1238, 1265, 1282, 1288, 1370, 1378, 1408, 1436, 1463, 1483, 1490, 1592, 1657, 1692, 1707, 1736, 1796, 1855], 'political': [17], 'debate,': [18], 'this': [19], 'essay': [20], 'will': [21, 66], 'synthesize': [22], 'briefly': [23], 'some': [24, 38], 'contributions': [27], 'scholarship': [29], 'has': [30], 'made': [31], 'understanding': [33], 'televised': [34], 'presidential': [35], 'debates,': [36, 45], 'telegraph': [37], 'major': [39], 'findings': [40], 'about': [41, 70], 'three': [42, 74], 'topics—learning': [43], 'from': [44, 586, 1743], 'factors': [46], 'mediate': [48], 'audience': [49], 'response,': [50], 'ways': [53], 'in': [54, 212, 311, 358, 521, 576, 678, 701, 726, 755, 909, 974, 995, 1055, 1180, 1297, 1398, 1494, 1528, 1769, 1774, 1850], 'which': [55], 'candidate': [56], 'debate': [57, 1419], 'communication': [58], 'forecasts': [59], 'presidency': [61], 'eventual': [64], 'winner—and': [65], 'then': [67], 'note': [68], 'questions': [69], 'each': [71], 'these': [73], 'areas': [75], 'invite': [77], 'additional': [78], 'inquiry.Keywords:': [79], 'Presidential': [80, 254, 381, 399, 444, 494, 524, 549, 577, 622, 625, 892, 905, 972, 1025, 1046, 1052, 1266, 1325, 1338, 1373, 1430, 1464, 1496, 1534, 1571, 1598, 1748, 1787, 1808, 1818, 1848, 1856], 'DebatesDebate': [81], 'LearningDebate': [82], 'Effects': [83, 796, 888, 911, 1207, 1489], 'Notes1': [84], 'James': [85], 'M.': [86, 1766], "O'Neill,": [87], '“A': [88, 884, 1174, 1196], 'Disconcerted': [89], 'Editor': [90], 'Others,”': [92], 'Quarterly': [93, 177, 218, 260, 915, 1672], 'Journal': [94, 178, 219, 261, 939, 977, 1004, 1155, 1407, 1735], 'Public': [96, 175, 196, 913, 1134, 1157, 1484, 1708, 1751], 'Speaking': [97], '1,': [98, 1738], 'no.': [99, 182, 223, 265, 283, 343, 450, 500, 529, 563, 594, 611, 646, 664, 873, 897, 917, 944, 981, 1008, 1032, 1063, 1161, 1191, 1219, 1271, 1351, 1411, 1444, 1581, 1674, 1713, 1739], '1': [100, 266, 874, 945, 1009, 1033, 1220, 1272, 1412, 1740], '(1915):': [101], '81.2': [102], 'Edwin': [103], 'Shurter,': [104], 'How': [105, 1105, 1259], 'Debate': [107, 135, 197, 445, 637, 860, 957, 973, 1053, 1261, 1345, 1438, 1599], '(New': [108, 122, 136, 390, 401, 846, 1087, 1114, 1511, 1549, 1642, 1777, 1837], 'York,': [109, 123, 137, 391, 402, 847, 1088, 1115, 1512, 1550, 1643, 1778, 1838], 'NY:': [110, 124, 138, 392, 403, 848, 1089, 1116, 1513, 1551, 1644, 1779], 'Harper': [111], 'Brothers': [113], 'Publishers,': [114], '1917),': [115], '5.3': [116], 'William': [117, 428, 507, 854, 877], 'Foster,': [118], 'Debating': [119], 'for': [120, 164, 348, 505, 534, 605, 1068, 1315, 1760], 'Boys': [121], 'The': [125, 172, 229, 233, 269, 290, 383, 416, 650, 742, 765, 807, 970, 976, 1078, 1102, 1168, 1459, 1495, 1533, 1602, 1629, 1686, 1833, 1851], 'Macmillan': [126], 'Company,': [127, 1122], '1922),': [128], '3.4': [129], 'Albert': [130], 'Baird,': [131], 'Argumentation,': [132], 'Discussion': [133], 'McGraw-Hill,': [139], '1950),': [140], '309–10.5': [141], 'Austin': [142, 250, 1467, 1859], 'J.': [143, 251, 472, 1331], 'Freeley,': [144, 158, 252], 'Argumentation': [145, 159, 279, 590, 660, 1347, 1440, 1577], 'Debate:': [147, 232, 1572], 'Rational': [148], 'Decision': [149], 'Making': [150], '(San': [151], 'Francisco,': [152], 'CA:': [153, 714], 'Wadsworth': [154], 'Publishing,': [155, 327], '1957),': [156], '3.6': [157], 'Debate,': [161], '4.7': [162], 'See,': [163, 347, 504, 533, 1067, 1759], 'example,': [165, 349, 506, 535, 1069, 1761], 'David': [166, 186, 304, 379, 567, 789, 1305, 1700], 'Zarefsky,': [167, 187, 1701], '“The': [168, 207, 253, 547, 572, 753, 1204, 1280, 1481, 1568, 1590, 1724], 'Lincoln–Douglas': [169], 'Debates': [170, 255, 400, 418, 480, 601, 754, 1431, 1749], 'Revisited:': [171], 'Evolution': [173], 'Argument,”': [176, 1709], 'Speech': [180, 221, 258, 263], '72,': [181], '2': [183, 224, 564, 918, 1064, 1162, 1582], '(1986):': [184], '162–84;': [185], 'Lincoln,': [188], 'Douglas,': [189], 'Slavery:': [191], 'In': [192, 764, 806, 837, 1458, 1532, 1601], 'Crucible': [194], '(Chicago,': [198, 322], 'IL:': [199, 323], 'University': [200, 247, 300, 394, 405, 423, 779, 820, 1091, 1118, 1646, 1691, 1794], 'Chicago': [202], 'Press,': [203, 248, 301, 395, 406, 426, 780, 821, 851, 1092, 1119, 1320, 1647, 1694, 1813, 1866], '1993);': [204], 'Kirt': [205, 227], 'Wilson,': [206, 228], 'Contested': [208], 'Space': [209], 'Prudence': [211], '1874–1875': [214], 'Civil': [215], 'Rights': [216], 'Debate,”': [217, 495, 1326, 1493, 1531, 1667], '84,': [222], '(1998):': [225], '131–49;': [226], 'Reconstruction': [230], 'Desegregation': [231], 'Politics': [234, 979, 1086, 1703, 1776], 'Equality': [236], 'Rhetoric': [238], 'Place,': [240], '1870–1875': [241], '(East': [242], 'Lansing,': [243], 'MI:': [244], 'Michigan': [245], 'State': [246], '2002).8': [249], 'Profession,”': [259], '47,': [264], '(1961):': [267], '61.9': [268], 'Racine': [270, 651, 743], 'Group,': [271, 652, 744], '“White': [272, 653, 745], 'Paper': [273, 654], 'on': [274, 655, 1211, 1285, 1341, 1525, 1597, 1606, 1847], 'Televised': [275, 479, 656, 838, 1209, 1747], 'Political': [276, 361, 461, 608, 620, 657, 681, 704, 729, 929, 935, 941, 1028, 1143, 1188, 1212, 1215, 1230, 1241, 1298, 1640], 'Campaign': [277, 356, 606, 658, 676, 724, 910, 968, 1437, 1609, 1805], 'Debates,”': [278, 357, 525, 659, 677, 700, 725, 787, 893, 1267, 1849], 'Advocacy': [281, 592, 662, 1349, 1442, 1579], '38,': [282, 663], '4': [284, 344, 530, 612, 665, 898, 1192, 1352, 1445, 1675, 1714], '(2002):': [285, 666], '203.10': [286], 'Sidney': [287, 694, 773, 815, 1745], 'Kraus,': [288, 1746], 'ed.': [289, 364, 456, 684, 732, 772, 814, 843, 1304, 1466, 1681, 1858], 'Great': [291, 515, 766, 808], 'Debates:': [292, 382, 462, 516, 550, 578, 767, 800, 809, 840, 1125, 1339, 1454, 1497, 1535], 'Kennedy': [293, 768], 'vs.': [294, 811], 'Nixon,': [295, 770], '1960': [296, 523, 587], '(Bloomington,': [297, 776, 817], 'IN:': [298, 777, 818], 'Indiana': [299, 778, 819], '1962),': [302], '15.11': [303], 'Sears': [305, 790, 1555], 'Richard': [307, 1070], 'Whitney,': [308], '“Political': [309, 355, 636, 675, 699, 723], 'Persuasion”': [310], 'Handbook': [312, 359, 679, 702, 727], 'Communication,': [314, 705, 1610], 'eds.': [315, 706, 1503, 1541, 1611], 'Ithiel': [316], 'de': [317], 'Sola': [318], 'Pool': [319], 'et': [320, 961, 1334], 'al.': [321], 'Rand': [324], 'McNally': [325], 'College': [326], '1973),': [328], '268,': [329], 'emphasis': [330], 'added.12': [331], 'Steven': [332, 792, 1448], 'Chaffee,': [333, 785, 793, 1557], '“Presidential': [334, 600, 786, 859, 956, 1453], 'Debates—Are': [335], 'They': [336], 'Helpful': [337], 'Voters?”': [339], 'Communication': [340, 362, 447, 497, 526, 609, 682, 730, 870, 894, 1006, 1189, 1268, 1299, 1381, 1409, 1671, 1710, 1737], 'Monographs': [341, 448, 527, 895, 1711], '45,': [342], '(1978):': [345], '330–46.13': [346], 'Mitchell': [350, 430, 670, 718, 1424], 'McKinney': [351, 671, 719, 1425], 'Diana': [353, 598, 673, 721, 1199, 1223], 'Carlin,': [354, 599, 674, 722], 'Research,': [363, 683, 731], 'Lynda': [365, 685, 733, 1566, 1612], 'Lee': [366, 686, 734, 1613], 'Kaid': [367, 687, 735, 1614], '(Mahwah,': [368, 688, 736, 1618], 'NJ:': [369, 689, 737, 1308, 1619, 1754], 'Lawrence': [370, 690, 738, 1755], 'Erlbaum,': [371, 691, 739, 1620], '2004),': [372, 692, 740], '211.14': [373], 'See': [374, 668, 783, 952, 1012, 1247, 1820], 'Kathleen': [375, 824, 1075, 1099, 1362, 1623, 1678, 1822], 'H.': [376, 825, 1624, 1679], 'Jamieson': [377, 826, 1625, 1815], 'Birdsell,': [380, 1817], 'Challenge': [384], 'Creating': [386], 'an': [387], 'Informed': [388], 'Electorate': [389], 'Oxford': [393, 1117, 1645], '1988);': [396], 'Alan': [397], 'Schroeder,': [398], 'Columbia': [404], '2001).15': [407], 'Lloyd': [408], 'Bitzer': [409, 536], 'Theodore': [411], 'Rueter,': [412, 538], 'Carter': [413, 539, 810], 'Versus': [414, 540], 'Ford:': [415], 'Counterfeit': [417], '1976': [420, 799], '(Madison,': [421], 'WI:': [422], 'Wisconsin': [425], '1980).16': [427], 'Benoit,': [429, 878], 'McKinney,': [431], 'R.': [433, 985, 1226, 1388], 'Lance': [434, 986, 1389], 'Holbert,': [435, 987, 1390], '“Beyond': [436], 'Learning': [437, 936], 'Persona:': [439], 'Extending': [440], 'Scope': [442], 'Effects,”': [446, 1439, 1576, 1600], '68,': [449], '3': [451, 501, 595, 982], '(2001):': [452], '259–73.17': [453], 'Robert': [454, 1506, 1544], 'Friedenberg,': [455], 'Rhetorical': [457], 'Studies': [458], 'National': [460, 1380], '1960–1992,': [463], '2nd': [464], 'edition': [465], '(Westport,': [466, 627], 'CT:': [467, 628], 'Praeger,': [468, 629, 1514, 1552], '1994).18': [469], 'Jian-Hua': [470], 'Zhu,': [471], 'Ronald': [473], 'Milavsky,': [474], 'Rahul': [476], 'Biswas,': [477], '“Do': [478, 1429, 1825], 'Affect': [481], 'Image': [482], 'Perception': [483, 1287], 'More': [484], 'Than': [485], 'Issue': [486, 862], 'Knowledge?': [487], 'A': [488, 551, 579, 760, 1048], 'Study': [489, 580], 'First': [492, 1492, 1665], '1992': [493, 1570], 'Human': [496, 869], 'Research': [498, 871, 1159, 1269, 1313], '20,': [499], '(1994):': [502], '302–33.19': [503], 'Benoit': [508, 855, 953], 'Allison': [510], 'Harthcock,': [511], '“Functions': [512], 'Acclaims,': [517], 'Attacks,': [518], 'Defense': [520], '66,': [528], '(1999):': [531, 1034], '341–57.20': [532], 'Ford;': [541], 'Patricia': [542], 'Riley': [543], 'Thomas': [545], 'Hollihan,': [546], '1980': [548], 'Content': [552], 'Analysis': [553, 1050, 1660], 'Issues': [556], 'Arguments,”': [558, 607], 'Speaker': [559], 'Gavel': [561], '18,': [562], '(1981):': [565], '47–59;': [566], 'Levasseur': [568], 'Kevin': [570], 'Dean,': [571], 'Use': [573, 1000, 1148, 1403], 'Evidence': [575, 582], 'Levels': [583], 'Types': [585], '1988,”': [589], '32,': [593], '(1996):': [596], '129–42.21': [597], 'as': [602, 990, 1393, 1789], 'Focal': [603], 'Points': [604], '9,': [610], '(1992):': [613, 1715], '251–65.22': [614], 'Edward': [615], 'Hinck,': [616, 1696], 'Enacting': [617, 1697], 'Presidency:': [619], 'Argument,': [621], 'Debates,': [623, 1465, 1857], 'Character': [626, 864], '1993).23': [630], 'Roderick': [631], 'Hart,': [632], 'Sharon': [634], 'Jarvis,': [635], 'Forms,': [638], 'Styles,': [639], 'Media,”': [641], 'American': [642, 938, 1027, 1059, 1214, 1471, 1863], 'Behavioral': [643, 1060], 'Scientist': [644, 1061], '40,': [645], '8': [647], '(1997):': [648], '1095–122.24': [649], '199–218.': [667], 'also': [669, 784, 1037, 1248, 1821], '203–34.25': [693], 'Kraus': [695, 775, 816], 'Dennis': [697, 1649], 'Davis,': [698], 'Dan': [707], 'Nimmo': [708], 'Keith': [710], 'Sanders': [711], '(Beverly': [712], 'Hills,': [713], 'Sage,': [715], '1981),': [716], '280.26': [717], '204.27': [741], 'Paper,”': [746], '202–3.28': [747], 'Elihu': [748], 'Katz': [749], 'Jacob': [751], 'Feldman,': [752], 'Light': [757], 'Research:': [759, 1300], 'Survey': [761], 'Surveys,”': [763], 'vs': [769], '1960,': [771], 'S.': [774], '1962)': [781], '173–223.': [782], '330–46;': [788], '“Uses': [794, 1558], 'An': [801, 1455], 'Overview': [802], 'Empirical': [804, 1456], 'Studies,”': [805], 'Ford,': [812], '1976,': [813], '1979),': [822, 1474, 1867], '223–61;': [823], 'Christopher': [828], 'Adasiewicz,': [829], '“What': [830], 'Can': [831], 'Voters': [832], 'Learn': [833], 'From': [834, 1804], 'Election': [835, 839, 1080, 1113, 1124], 'Debates?”': [836], 'International': [841, 1154], 'Perspectives,': [842, 1502, 1540], 'Stephen': [844], 'Coleman': [845], 'St.': [849], "Martin's": [850], '2000),': [852], '25–42;': [853], 'Glenn': [857, 879], 'Hansen,': [858, 880, 955], 'Watching,': [861], 'Knowledge,': [863], 'Evaluation,': [865], 'Vote': [867, 1002, 1405], 'Choice,”': [868, 1003, 1406], '30,': [872, 1580], '(2004):': [875], '121–44.29': [876], 'Rebecca': [882], 'Verser,': [883], 'Meta-Analysis': [885], 'Viewing': [890, 989, 1054, 1127, 1392], 'U.S.': [891], '70,': [896], '(2003):': [899], '335–50.30': [900], 'Markus': [901, 921], 'Prior,': [902, 948], '“Who': [903, 949, 1044], 'Watches': [904, 1045], 'Debates?': [906, 1047], 'Measurement': [907], 'Problems': [908], 'Research,”': [912], 'Opinion': [914, 1158], '76,': [916], '(2012):': [919], '350.31': [920], 'Prior': [922], 'Arthur': [924], 'Lupia,': [925], '“Money,': [926], 'Time,': [927], 'Knowledge:': [930, 1144], 'Distinguishing': [931], 'Quick': [932], 'Recall': [933], 'Skills,”': [937], 'Science': [942, 1029, 1216, 1242], '52,': [943], '(2008):': [946], '169–83.32': [947], 'Watches,”': [950], '350.33': [951], 'Watching”;': [958], 'Kim': [959], 'Fridkin': [960], 'al.,': [962, 1335], '“Capturing': [963], 'Power': [965], 'a': [967, 1289, 1434], 'Event:': [969], '2004': [971], 'Tempe,”': [975], '69,': [980], '(2007):': [983, 1273], '770–85;': [984], '“Debate': [988, 1391], 'Mediator': [991, 1394], 'Partisan': [993, 1396], 'Reinforcement': [994, 1397], 'Relationship': [997, 1400], 'Between': [998, 1401], 'News': [999, 1402], '55,': [1007, 1410], '(2005):': [1010, 1065, 1193, 1221, 1413], '85–102.34': [1011], 'Matthew': [1013], 'Baum': [1014], 'Samuel': [1016], 'Kernell,': [1017], '“Has': [1018], 'Cable': [1019], 'Ended': [1020], 'Golden': [1022], 'Age': [1023], 'Television?”': [1026], 'Review': [1030, 1175, 1217], '93,': [1031], '99–114;': [1035], 'see': [1036, 1423], 'Kate': [1038, 1094, 1140], 'Kenski': [1039], 'Natalie': [1041], 'Jomini': [1042], 'Stroud,': [1043], 'Comparative': [1049], '2000': [1056, 1079, 1169], '2004,”': [1058], '49,': [1062, 1350, 1443], '213–28.35': [1066], 'Johnston,': [1071, 1164], 'Michael': [1072, 1782], 'Hagen': [1073, 1165], 'Hall': [1076, 1100, 1363, 1732, 1823], 'Jamieson,': [1077, 1101, 1167, 1364, 1680, 1824], 'Foundations': [1083], 'Party': [1085], 'Cambridge': [1090], '2004);': [1093], 'Kenski,': [1095, 1141], 'Bruce': [1096, 1357], 'Hardy': [1097], 'Obama': [1103], 'Victory:': [1104], 'Media,': [1106, 1498, 1536], 'Money,': [1107], 'Message': [1109], 'Shaped': [1110], '2008': [1112], '2010).36': [1120], 'Nielsen': [1121], 'General': [1123], '1960–2012': [1126], 'Data': [1128], '(Commissioned': [1129], 'study': [1130], 'by': [1131, 1291], 'Annenberg': [1133], 'Policy': [1135, 1501, 1539, 1752, 1790], 'Center,': [1136], 'Philadelphia—November': [1137], '6,': [1138], '2013).37': [1139], '“Testing': [1142], 'Should': [1145], 'Knowledge': [1146, 1369], 'Questions': [1147], 'Two': [1149], 'Response': [1150, 1520], 'Categories': [1151], 'or': [1152, 1233], 'Four?”': [1153], '15,': [1160], '(2003):192–200.38': [1163], 'Election,': [1170], '168.39': [1171], 'John': [1172, 1563, 1588], 'Zaller,': [1173, 1195], 'of:': [1176], '‘Bush': [1177], 'Beats': [1178], 'Gore': [1179], 'Good': [1181, 1826, 1829], 'Economy:': [1182], 'It': [1183], 'Was': [1184], 'Campaign,': [1186], 'Stupid,’”': [1187], '22,': [1190], '533.40': [1194], 'Review,”': [1197], '536.41': [1198], 'Mutz': [1200, 1224], 'Byron': [1202], 'Reeves,': [1203], 'New': [1205, 1834], 'Videomalaise:': [1206], 'Incivility': [1210], 'Trust,”': [1213], '99,': [1218], '1–15.42': [1222], 'Andrew': [1227], 'Holbrook,': [1228], '“Televised': [1229], 'Conflict:': [1231], 'Nemesis': [1232], 'Necessity?”': [1234], '(Paper,': [1235, 1375], 'Annual': [1236, 1376], 'Convention': [1237, 1377], 'Midwest': [1240], 'Association,': [1243, 1382], 'Chicago,': [1244], 'April': [1245], '2003).': [1246], 'Dietram': [1249], 'Scheufele,': [1250], 'Eunkyung': [1251], 'Kim,': [1252], 'Dominique': [1254], 'Brossard,': [1255], '“My': [1256], "Friend's": [1257], 'Enemy:': [1258], 'Split-Screen': [1260], 'Coverage': [1262], 'Influences': [1263], 'Evaluation': [1264], '34,': [1270], '3–24.43': [1274], 'Hans': [1275], 'Kepplinger': [1276], 'Wolfgang': [1278], 'Donsbach,': [1279], 'Influence': [1281, 1591, 1773], 'Camera': [1283], 'Perspective': [1284], 'Politician': [1290], 'Supporters,': [1292], 'Opponents': [1293], 'Neutral': [1295], 'Viewers,”': [1296], 'Approaches,': [1301], 'Studies,': [1302], 'Assessments,': [1303], 'Paletz': [1306], '(Norwood,': [1307], 'Ablex,': [1309], '1987),': [1310], '62–72.44': [1311], 'Pew': [1312], 'Center': [1314], 'People': [1317], '“One-In-Ten': [1321], '‘Dual': [1322], 'Screened’': [1323], 'October': [1327, 1839], '11,': [1328], '2012,': [1329], 'http://www.people-press.org/2012/10/11/one-in-ten-dual-screened-the-presidential-debate/.45': [1330], 'Brian': [1332, 1722], 'Houston': [1333], '“Tweeting': [1336], 'During': [1337], 'Effect': [1340], 'Candidate': [1342], 'Evaluations': [1343], 'Attitudes,”': [1346], '&': [1348, 1441, 1669], '(2013):': [1353, 1446], '302–12.46': [1354], 'Jeffrey': [1355], 'Gottfried,': [1356], 'Hardy,': [1358], 'Ken': [1359], 'Winneg,': [1360], '“Social': [1365], 'Networking': [1366], 'Sites': [1367], '2012': [1372], 'Election,”': [1374], 'Washington,': [1383], 'D.C.,': [1384], 'November': [1385], '21–24,': [1386], '2013).47': [1387], '85–102.48': [1414], 'For': [1415], 'research': [1416], 'work': [1417], 'suggesting': [1418], 'viewing': [1420], 'reduces': [1421], 'cynicism': [1422], 'Benjamin': [1427], 'Warner,': [1428], 'Matter?': [1432], 'Examining': [1433], 'Decade': [1435], '250–5149': [1447], 'Chaffee': [1449], 'Jack': [1451], 'Dennis,': [1452], 'Assessment,”': [1457], 'Past': [1460, 1852], 'Future': [1462, 1854], 'Ranney': [1468, 1860], '(Washington,': [1469, 1810, 1861], 'D.C.:': [1470, 1811, 1862], 'Enterprise': [1472, 1864], 'Institute,': [1473], '85.50': [1475], 'Gladys': [1476], 'Lang': [1477], 'Kurt': [1479], 'Lang,': [1480], 'Formation': [1482], 'Opinion:': [1485], 'Direct': [1486], 'Mediated': [1488], 'Electoral,': [1499, 1537], 'George': [1504, 1542], 'Bishop,': [1505, 1543], 'Meadow,': [1507, 1545], 'Marilyn': [1509, 1547], 'Jackson-Beeck': [1510, 1548], '1978),': [1515, 1553], '61–80.51': [1516], 'Frederick': [1517], 'Steeper,': [1518], '“Public': [1519], 'Gerald': [1522, 1765], "Ford's": [1523], 'statements': [1524], 'Eastern': [1526], 'Europe': [1527], 'Second': [1530], '81–101.52': [1554], 'Effects.”53': [1560], 'Lori': [1561, 1585], 'McKinnon,': [1562], 'Tedesco,': [1564, 1589], 'Kaid,': [1567], 'Third': [1569], 'Channel': [1573], 'Commentary': [1575, 1596], '(1993):': [1583], '106–18.54': [1584], 'McKinnon': [1586], 'Medium': [1593], 'Media': [1595], 'Electronic': [1603], 'Election:': [1604], 'Perspectives': [1605], '1996': [1608], 'Dianne': [1616], 'Bystrom': [1617], '1999),': [1621], '191–206.55': [1622], 'Paul': [1627, 1654], 'Waldman,': [1628], 'Press': [1630, 1795], 'Effect:': [1631], 'Politicians,': [1632], 'Journalists,': [1633], 'Stories': [1636], 'Shape': [1638], 'World': [1641], '2003).56': [1648], 'Lowry,': [1650], 'Janet': [1651], 'Bridges,': [1652], 'Barefield,': [1655], '“Effects': [1656], 'TV': [1658], 'Instant': [1659], 'Querulous': [1662], 'Criticism—Following': [1663], 'Bush–Dukakis': [1666], 'Journalism': [1668], 'Mass': [1670], '67,': [1673], '(1990):': [1676], '814–25.57': [1677], 'Electing': [1682], 'President': [1684], '2012:': [1685], 'Insiders’': [1687], 'View': [1688], '(Philadelphia,': [1689], 'PA:': [1690], 'Pennsylvania': [1693], '2013).58': [1695], 'Presidency.59': [1699], '“Spectator': [1702], 'Revival': [1706], '59,': [1712], '412.60': [1716], 'Mark': [1717, 1719], 'Goodman,': [1718], 'Gring,': [1720], 'Anderson,': [1723], 'Visual': [1725], 'Byte:': [1726], 'Bill': [1727], 'Clinton': [1728], 'His': [1730], 'Town': [1731], 'Meeting': [1733], 'Style,”': [1734], '(2007).': [1741], 'Retrieved': [1742], 'http://www.scientificjournals.org/journals2007/articles/1014.htm.61': [1744], '(Hillsdale,': [1753], 'Erlbaum': [1756], 'Associates,': [1757], '1988).62': [1758], 'Susan': [1762], 'Lederman': [1763], 'Pomper,': [1767], 'Elections': [1768], 'America:': [1770], 'Control': [1771], 'Democratic': [1775], 'Longman,': [1780], '1980);': [1781], 'Krukones,': [1783], 'Promises': [1784], 'Performance:': [1786], 'Campaigns': [1788], 'Predictors.': [1791], '(Lanham,': [1792], 'MD:': [1793], 'America,': [1797], '1984);': [1798], 'Jeff': [1799], 'Fishel,': [1800], 'Presidents': [1801], 'Promises:': [1803], 'Pledge': [1806], 'Performance': [1809], 'CQ': [1812], '1985).63': [1814], 'Debates.': [1819], 'Debaters': [1827], 'Make': [1828], 'Presidents?': [1830], 'Personality': [1831], 'Revealed,”': [1832], 'York': [1835], 'Times': [1836], '23,': [1840], '2011)': [1841], 'http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/10/23/do-good-debaters-make-good-presidents/in-presidential-debates-personality-is-revealed.64': [1842], 'Nelson': [1843], 'Polsby,': [1844], '“Debatable': [1845], 'Thoughts': [1846], 'Institute': [1865], '179.': [1868]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040916641', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T19:01:09.831168', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}