Title: Subionospheric VLF signatures of oblique (nonducted) whistler‐induced precipitation
Abstract: Subionospheric very low frequency (VLF) signal perturbations observed at multiple sites in association with individual lightning discharges exhibit onset delays which steadily increase with increasing L ‐value. The timing of the onsets and the inferred spatial extent (∼1000 km) of the ionospheric disturbance are consistent with those expected for electron precipitation induced by obliquely propagating (i.e., nonducted) whistlers.