Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2040049648', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/la904616s', 'title': 'Controlled Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Niosomes by Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing', 'display_name': 'Controlled Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Niosomes by Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-02-10', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2040049648', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/la904616s', 'mag': '2040049648', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20146467'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/la904616s', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S75741262', 'display_name': 'Langmuir', 'issn_l': '0743-7463', 'issn': ['0743-7463', '1520-5827'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034594528', 'display_name': 'Catherine T. Lo', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xpvk416', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Catherine T. Lo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055164003', 'display_name': 'Α. Jahn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-6768'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xpvk416', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andreas Jahn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Semiconductor Electronics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Semiconductor Electronics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012804475', 'display_name': 'Laurie E. Locascio', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xpvk416', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Laurie E. Locascio', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084767972', 'display_name': 'Wyatt N. Vreeland', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-8403'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xpvk416', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wyatt N. Vreeland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.664, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 126, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.927716, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '26', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '8559', 'last_page': '8566'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11407', 'display_name': 'Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11407', 'display_name': 'Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10412', 'display_name': 'Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10407', 'display_name': 'Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/niosome', 'display_name': 'Niosome', 'score': 0.980272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersity', 'display_name': 'Dispersity', 'score': 0.68900406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-emulsification', 'display_name': 'Membrane emulsification', 'score': 0.43888056}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/microchannel', 'display_name': 'Microchannel', 'score': 0.4320332}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C72918618', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1993211', 'display_name': 'Niosome', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.980272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11432220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1975334', 'display_name': 'Dispersity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68900406}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8673954', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845', 'display_name': 'Microfluidics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66757977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6303152}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5915928}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58226133', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324199', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary surfactant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5230561}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185154212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410454', 'display_name': 'Liposome', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44389114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776317363', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815128', 'display_name': 'Membrane emulsification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43888056}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63662833', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839341', 'display_name': 'Microchannel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4320332}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15083742', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q261659', 'display_name': 'Nanomedicine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4184667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C130316041', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189206', 'display_name': 'Vesicle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41000354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.40663323}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.396905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155672457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3934608}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3422295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3369146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188027245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446', 'display_name': 'Polymer chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.085339755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D044085', 'descriptor_name': 'Microfluidics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008081', 'descriptor_name': 'Liposomes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D044085', 'descriptor_name': 'Microfluidics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012825', 'descriptor_name': 'Silicon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013501', 'descriptor_name': 'Surface-Active Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/la904616s', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S75741262', 'display_name': 'Langmuir', 'issn_l': '0743-7463', 'issn': ['0743-7463', '1520-5827'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20146467', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.61, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 39, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1562824993', 'https://openalex.org/W1972418258', 'https://openalex.org/W1974040144', 'https://openalex.org/W1978267970', 'https://openalex.org/W1981233250', 'https://openalex.org/W1981433605', 'https://openalex.org/W1988144726', 'https://openalex.org/W1990098432', 'https://openalex.org/W1995223391', 'https://openalex.org/W2009434334', 'https://openalex.org/W2009858479', 'https://openalex.org/W2010546878', 'https://openalex.org/W2018907887', 'https://openalex.org/W2030509793', 'https://openalex.org/W2034659893', 'https://openalex.org/W2036055964', 'https://openalex.org/W2040040639', 'https://openalex.org/W2049966193', 'https://openalex.org/W2055699724', 'https://openalex.org/W2058713124', 'https://openalex.org/W2058831541', 'https://openalex.org/W2059571424', 'https://openalex.org/W2063766636', 'https://openalex.org/W2064966167', 'https://openalex.org/W2066378021', 'https://openalex.org/W2067495402', 'https://openalex.org/W2080592529', 'https://openalex.org/W2084774646', 'https://openalex.org/W2090690176', 'https://openalex.org/W2119299183', 'https://openalex.org/W2119364806', 'https://openalex.org/W2127179177', 'https://openalex.org/W2149387252', 'https://openalex.org/W2165292397', 'https://openalex.org/W2165555463', 'https://openalex.org/W4207049771', 'https://openalex.org/W4235358290', 'https://openalex.org/W4239403073', 'https://openalex.org/W4246140527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3125997389', 'https://openalex.org/W2541772368', 'https://openalex.org/W2390702042', 'https://openalex.org/W2357247050', 'https://openalex.org/W2356607119', 'https://openalex.org/W2182291797', 'https://openalex.org/W2091546951', 'https://openalex.org/W2052907298', 'https://openalex.org/W1996220330', 'https://openalex.org/W1979831186'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Niosomes': [0], 'are': [1, 31, 55], 'synthetic': [2], 'membrane': [3, 28], 'vesicles': [4], 'formed': [5], 'by': [6, 125], 'self-assembly': [7, 124], 'of': [8, 21, 36, 74, 80, 108, 122, 137, 142, 148, 187, 200, 233], 'nonionic': [9], 'surfactant,': [10], 'often': [11, 93], 'in': [12, 101, 156, 163], 'a': [13, 58, 119], 'mixture': [14], 'with': [15, 98, 167], 'cholesterol': [16], 'and': [17, 26, 41, 61, 87, 103, 134, 145, 154, 211, 214, 231], 'dicetyl': [18], 'phosphate.': [19], 'Because': [20], 'their': [22, 65], 'inner': [23], 'aqueous': [24], 'core': [25], 'bilayer': [27], 'shell,': [29], 'niosomes': [30, 54, 97, 166], 'commonly': [32], 'used': [33, 203], 'as': [34, 57, 190], 'carriers': [35], 'treatment': [37], 'agents': [38, 46], 'for': [39, 47, 193, 218, 237], 'pharmaceutical': [40], 'cosmetic': [42], 'applications': [43], 'or': [44, 111], 'contrast': [45], 'clinical': [48], 'imaging': [49, 112], 'applications.': [50, 239], 'In': [51, 114], 'those': [52], 'applications,': [53], 'considered': [56], 'more': [59], 'economical': [60], 'stable': [62], 'alternative': [63], 'to': [64, 95, 129, 161, 173], 'biological': [66], 'counterpart': [67], '(i.e.,': [68, 152, 204], 'liposomes).': [69], 'However,': [70], 'conventional': [71], 'bulk': [72, 78, 175], 'method': [73, 121], 'niosome': [75, 109, 123], 'preparation': [76], 'requires': [77], 'mixing': [79, 91, 147], 'two': [81, 149], 'liquid': [82], 'phases,': [83], 'which': [84], 'is': [85], 'time-consuming': [86], 'not': [88], 'well-controlled.': [89], 'Such': [90], 'conditions': [92, 192], 'lead': [94], 'large': [96], 'high': [99], 'polydispersity': [100], 'size': [102, 133, 135, 170], 'thus': [104], 'affect': [105, 184], 'the': [106, 132, 143, 174, 194, 201, 219, 229], 'consistency': [107], 'dosage': [110], 'quality.': [113], 'this': [115], 'study,': [116], 'we': [117, 158], 'present': [118], 'new': [120], 'microfluidic': [126, 195], 'hydrodynamic': [127], 'focusing': [128], 'improve': [130], 'on': [131], 'distributions': [136, 171], 'niosomes.': [138], 'By': [139], 'taking': [140], 'advantage': [141], 'rapid': [144], 'controlled': [146], 'miscible': [150], 'fluids': [151], 'alcohol': [153], 'water)': [155], 'microchannels,': [157], 'were': [159], 'able': [160], 'obtain': [162], 'seconds': [164], 'nanoscaled': [165], '≈40%': [168], 'narrower': [169], 'compared': [172], 'method.': [176], 'We': [177], 'further': [178], 'investigated': [179], 'different': [180], 'parameters': [181], 'that': [182, 225], 'might': [183], 'on-chip': [185], 'assembly': [186], 'niosomes,': [188], 'such': [189], '(1)': [191], 'mixing,': [196], '(2)': [197], 'chemical': [198], 'structures': [199], 'surfactant': [202], 'sorbitan': [205], 'esters': [206], 'Span': [207, 209, 212], '20,': [208], '60,': [210], '80),': [213], '(3)': [215], 'device': [216], 'materials': [217], 'microchannel': [220], 'fabrication.': [221], 'This': [222], 'work': [223], 'suggests': [224], 'microfluidics': [226], 'may': [227], 'facilitate': [228], 'development': [230], 'optimization': [232], 'biomimetic': [234], 'colloidal': [235], 'systems': [236], 'nanomedicine': [238]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040049648', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 9}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T23:20:34.274911', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}