Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2039177908', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.250', 'title': 'When Do You Need A Validated Assay?', 'display_name': 'When Do You Need A Validated Assay?', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2039177908', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.250', 'mag': '2039177908', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22185272'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.250', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S159955403', 'display_name': 'Bioanalysis', 'issn_l': '1757-6180', 'issn': ['1757-6180', '1757-6199'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320316', 'host_organization_name': 'Future Science Ltd', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320316'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Future Science Ltd'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112102258', 'display_name': 'Brian Booth', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1320320070', 'display_name': 'United States Food and Drug Administration', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034xvzb47', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1320320070']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Brian Booth', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Clinical Pharmacology V, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Research & Evaluation Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993-002, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Clinical Pharmacology V, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Research & Evaluation Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993-002, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1320320070']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5112102258'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1320320070'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.949, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 33, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.733571, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '24', 'first_page': '2729', 'last_page': '2730'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12255', 'display_name': 'Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12255', 'display_name': 'Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10375', 'display_name': 'Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism', 'score': 0.991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3004', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11235', 'display_name': 'Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials', 'score': 0.9724, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2613', 'display_name': 'Statistics and Probability'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-development', 'display_name': 'Drug Development', 'score': 0.52130646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-science', 'display_name': 'Regulatory Science', 'score': 0.49491686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-pharmacology', 'display_name': 'Safety pharmacology', 'score': 0.47267872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-pharmacology', 'display_name': 'Clinical Pharmacology', 'score': 0.42270267}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C535046627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612', 'display_name': 'Clinical trial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5635039}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64903051', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549', 'display_name': 'Drug development', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52130646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778917124', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309705', 'display_name': 'Regulatory science', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49491686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776190711', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398663', 'display_name': 'Safety pharmacology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47267872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42426825}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63433958', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774688', 'display_name': 'Clinical pharmacology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42270267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3993419}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55587333', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029', 'display_name': 'Engineering ethics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37233293}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780035454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386', 'display_name': 'Drug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.35970432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3344784}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32518458}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13134372}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10947347}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D054928', 'descriptor_name': 'Validation Studies as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002166', 'descriptor_name': 'Camptothecin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002166', 'descriptor_name': 'Camptothecin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000031', 'qualifier_name': 'analogs & derivatives', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002166', 'descriptor_name': 'Camptothecin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002166', 'descriptor_name': 'Camptothecin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D033161', 'descriptor_name': 'Government Regulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000077146', 'descriptor_name': 'Irinotecan', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.250', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S159955403', 'display_name': 'Bioanalysis', 'issn_l': '1757-6180', 'issn': ['1757-6180', '1757-6199'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320316', 'host_organization_name': 'Future Science Ltd', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320316'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Future Science Ltd'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22185272', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 2, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2133539027', 'https://openalex.org/W2138574787'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2915393075', 'https://openalex.org/W2470067656', 'https://openalex.org/W2108621297', 'https://openalex.org/W2057220978', 'https://openalex.org/W2038862618', 'https://openalex.org/W2036134181', 'https://openalex.org/W2034542535', 'https://openalex.org/W2021190020', 'https://openalex.org/W1534146682', 'https://openalex.org/W1517960625'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'BioanalysisVol.': [0], '3,': [1, 2110, 2114], 'No.': [2, 1466, 1507, 1581, 1651, 1686, 1729, 1770, 1796, 1846, 1876, 1913, 1963, 2003, 2020, 2034, 2095, 2111, 2115], '24': [3, 2112, 2116], 'Regulatory': [4, 1519], 'FocusFree': [5], 'AccessWhen': [6], 'do': [7, 80, 312, 329, 1260, 1970, 2147], 'you': [8, 313, 324, 330, 344, 565], 'need': [9, 56, 277, 345, 900, 1112], 'a': [10, 123, 148, 282, 302, 318, 322, 354, 396, 438, 475, 497, 523, 549, 605, 770, 793, 841, 865, 923, 928, 1047, 1070, 1299, 1362, 1468, 1568, 1601, 1700, 1734, 1740, 2069, 2080, 2186], 'validated': [11, 319, 355, 439, 465, 551, 896, 1088], 'assay?Brian': [12], 'BoothBrian': [13], 'BoothDivision': [14], 'of': [15, 20, 97, 107, 112, 140, 150, 157, 175, 204, 217, 221, 231, 262, 304, 360, 374, 389, 411, 418, 459, 482, 516, 522, 561, 577, 583, 592, 596, 615, 624, 633, 642, 669, 679, 687, 693, 704, 727, 753, 766, 773, 776, 791, 800, 844, 862, 877, 886, 916, 961, 1002, 1008, 1013, 1023, 1038, 1059, 1063, 1073, 1093, 1107, 1256, 1265, 1343, 1371, 1390, 1417, 1428, 1431, 1509, 1512, 1528, 1567, 1584, 1604, 1653, 1659, 1780, 1792, 1802, 1916, 1928, 1978, 2055, 2062, 2073, 2143, 2152, 2230], 'Clinical': [16, 21], 'Pharmacology': [17], 'V,': [18], 'Office': [19], 'Pharmacology,': [22], 'Center': [23], 'for': [24, 281, 334, 398, 441, 501, 554, 629, 690, 739, 762, 880, 903, 1054, 1104, 1413, 1475, 1541, 1570, 1612, 1693, 1772, 1777, 1798, 1805, 1856, 2049, 2083], 'Drug': [25, 1418], 'Research': [26], '&': [27, 1281, 1456, 1497, 1642, 1676, 1720, 1761, 1836, 1904, 1953, 1994, 2168], 'Evaluation': [28], 'Research,': [29], 'US': [30, 159, 1267, 2154], 'FDA,': [31], 'Silver': [32], 'Spring,': [33], 'MD': [34], '20993-002,': [35], 'USA.': [36], 'Published': [37, 2121, 2126], 'Online:20': [38], 'Dec': [39], '2011https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.11.250AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB': [40], 'ToolsAdd': [41], 'to': [42, 57, 70, 79, 88, 213, 258, 278, 309, 346, 429, 436, 547, 574, 612, 663, 786, 802, 814, 852, 859, 901, 934, 946, 966, 971, 977, 981, 983, 994, 1030, 1085, 1089, 1098, 1150, 1162, 1222, 1245, 1365, 1471, 1600, 1849, 1887, 1973, 1983], 'favoritesDownload': [43], 'CitationsTrack': [44], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [45], 'ShareShare': [46], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit': [47], 'Keywords:': [48], 'bioanalysisregulatoryvalidatedvalidationUS': [49], 'FDAAs': [50], 'science': [51, 84], 'advances,': [52], 'the': [53, 92, 110, 155, 158, 173, 200, 208, 215, 222, 229, 259, 272, 297, 351, 358, 361, 404, 407, 423, 433, 442, 454, 457, 460, 480, 483, 504, 514, 545, 555, 559, 570, 575, 581, 590, 597, 613, 616, 622, 634, 643, 650, 664, 676, 680, 685, 723, 728, 737, 750, 763, 767, 774, 781, 798, 830, 860, 875, 898, 910, 914, 917, 937, 950, 956, 967, 997, 1003, 1006, 1039, 1042, 1052, 1057, 1060, 1076, 1081, 1125, 1157, 1177, 1198, 1204, 1215, 1219, 1232, 1257, 1266, 1273, 1307, 1314, 1341, 1372, 1546, 1560, 1621, 1703, 1778, 1862, 1879, 1888, 1974, 1984, 2042, 2144, 2153, 2160, 2194, 2201, 2228], 'questions': [54, 127, 305, 376], 'we': [55], 'address': [58], 'in': [59, 114, 120, 142, 162, 166, 181, 190, 228, 238, 268, 367, 721, 746, 810, 832, 864, 891, 927, 944, 969, 1046, 1075, 1116, 1128, 1135, 1251, 1302, 1313, 1340, 1361, 1399, 1480, 1549, 1559, 1591, 1615, 1655, 1696, 1782, 1808, 1923, 1967, 2065, 2127, 2138, 2189, 2200, 2227], 'drug-development': [60, 244], 'burgeons.': [61], 'However,': [62, 372, 987], 'resources': [63, 73, 980], 'are': [64, 236, 307, 341, 369, 508, 530, 717, 1096, 1123, 1254, 2141], 'limited,': [65], 'and': [66, 109, 137, 152, 207, 246, 349, 363, 385, 409, 448, 467, 494, 580, 667, 725, 741, 756, 1000, 1080, 1203, 1259, 1369, 1395, 1425, 1514, 1525, 1530, 1537, 1589, 1597, 1606, 1775, 1800, 1859, 1919, 1931, 1976, 2036, 2086, 2146], 'it': [67, 76, 366, 535, 627, 660, 1242, 2039], 'is': [68, 77, 85, 135, 197, 199, 254, 265, 291, 383, 425, 435, 462, 477, 513, 536, 542, 589, 604, 621, 639, 675, 711, 745, 752, 760, 825, 925, 952, 963, 1011, 1026, 1044, 1062, 1078, 1113, 1140, 1154, 1160, 1174, 1275, 2162], 'necessary': [69, 370], 'use': [71, 410, 437, 799, 876, 1218, 1235], 'these': [72, 118, 205, 218, 232, 234, 263, 375, 705, 816, 892, 904, 988, 1094, 1121, 1247], 'strategically.': [74], 'Clearly,': [75], 'impossible': [78], 'all': [81], 'things.': [82], 'Bioanalytical': [83, 392, 487, 1562, 1851, 2102], 'no': [86, 338, 539, 1287, 2174], 'exception': [87], 'this': [89, 225, 335, 400, 603, 670, 823, 959, 984, 1068, 1252, 1344, 2139, 2231], 'phenomenon.': [90], 'In': [91, 270, 420, 453, 682, 1067, 1211], 'recent': [93, 811], 'past,': [94], 'some': [95, 1141], 'areas': [96], 'scientific': [98, 1691, 2011], 'endeavor': [99], 'have': [100, 128, 248, 656, 818], 'expanded': [101], 'extensively,': [102], 'such': [103, 1184], 'as': [104, 733, 735, 1051, 1185, 1236, 1241, 2058, 2068], 'better': [105], 'characterization': [106, 541], 'metabolites': [108, 141, 179, 206, 235, 264], 'exploitation': [111], 'biomarkers': [113, 801, 837, 879, 1966], 'drug-development.': [115], 'As': [116], 'measuring': [117, 365, 569], 'entities': [119, 817], 'vivo': [121, 368, 945], 'plays': [122], 'critical': [124, 1014], 'role,': [125], 'many': [126], 'arisen': [129], 'about': [130, 996, 1225], 'how': [131, 380, 894, 1145], 'much': [132, 381, 1064, 1237], 'method': [133, 414, 440, 553, 688, 758, 899, 1009, 1083, 1147, 1239, 1473], 'validation': [134, 382, 689, 759, 1010, 1148, 1240, 1474, 1692, 1801, 1977], 'needed,': [136], 'when.The': [138], 'issue': [139, 226, 401, 674], 'safety': [143, 192, 202, 724, 805, 999, 1187], 'testing': [144], 'has': [145, 394, 808, 1100, 1286, 2173], 'evolved': [146], 'over': [147], 'number': [149, 303], 'years': [151], 'culminated': [153], 'with': [154, 172, 224, 296, 353, 415, 445, 450, 600, 940, 1028, 1293, 1298, 1306, 1437, 2180, 2185, 2193], 'publication': [156], 'FDA': [160, 1274, 2161], 'Metabolites': [161, 1419], 'Safety': [163, 833, 1415], 'Testing': [164, 1416], 'Guidance': [165, 1412, 1520], '2008': [167], '[101].': [168], 'This': [169, 299, 1316, 2203], 'guidance': [170, 273, 651], 'dealt': [171], 'evaluation': [174, 861], 'novel': [176, 1434], 'or': [177, 427, 525, 594, 731, 856, 931, 974, 976, 1190, 1194, 1228, 1277, 1290, 1296, 1303, 1310, 1323, 1328, 1331, 1333, 1665, 1731, 2009, 2164, 2177, 2183, 2190, 2197, 2210, 2215, 2218, 2220], 'unique': [178], 'observed': [180, 189], 'early': [182, 239, 683, 706, 1136, 1697], 'human': [183, 1924, 2066], 'clinical': [184, 240, 451, 1968], 'trials,': [185], 'which': [186, 846], 'were': [187], 'not': [188, 531, 655, 1012, 1261, 2148], 'preclinical': [191, 446, 849], 'studies.': [193], 'The': [194, 485, 587, 701, 868, 1017, 1110, 1152, 1167, 1388, 1871, 2098], 'concern': [195], 'that': [196, 275, 306, 568, 641, 747, 749, 1091, 1170, 1175], 'addressed': [198], 'unknown': [201], 'risks': [203], 'document': [209], 'provides': [210], 'several': [211, 878, 1163], 'strategies': [212], 'assess': [214, 285, 314, 803, 935], 'toxicology': [216, 481, 563], 'entities.': [219], 'Some': [220], 'difficulty': [223], 'arises': [227, 890], 'timing': [230], 'events:': [233], 'seen': [237, 326], 'trials': [241], '(hopefully),': [242], 'when': [243, 337], 'plans': [245], 'timelines': [247], 'already': [249], 'been': [250, 657, 1102], 'implemented.': [251], 'Hence,': [252], 'backtracking': [253], 'difficult.A': [255], 'requisite': [256], 'corollary': [257], 'toxicological': [260], 'assessment': [261], 'their': [266, 1032], 'measurement': [267, 1427], 'vivo.': [269], 'fact,': [271], 'stipulates': [274], 'studies': [276, 447, 707, 716, 989], 'be': [279, 430, 471, 496, 610, 698, 839, 871, 902, 1086, 1172, 1201, 1208, 1279, 2166], 'conducted': [280], 'metabolite': [283, 315, 323, 336, 362, 424, 443, 461, 517, 524, 529, 556, 571, 598, 623, 696, 1366, 1613, 1922], '(to': [284], 'its': [286, 289, 562, 578, 584, 637, 941, 1598, 1920], 'toxicity)': [287, 668], 'if': [288, 534, 922, 1041, 1176], 'exposure': [290], 'greater': [292, 754, 1065, 1115], 'than': [293, 631, 829, 1572], '10%': [294, 593, 632], 'compared': [295, 599], 'parent.': [298, 601, 635], 'prerequisite': [300], 'raises': [301], 'difficult': [308], 'answer.': [310], 'How': [311, 328], 'AUC': [316], 'without': [317], 'assay': [320, 333, 692, 1478], '(for': [321], "haven't": [325], 'previously)?': [327], 'validate': [331], 'an': [332, 412, 526, 691, 694, 788, 1926, 1981], 'authentic': [339], 'standards': [340], 'available?': [342], 'Do': [343], 'go': [347], 'back': [348], 'repeat': [350], 'trial': [352, 933, 1050], 'assay?': [356], 'Assessing': [357], 'activity': [359, 458, 614, 638, 665], 'possibly': [364], 'steps.': [371], 'most': [373, 1126], 'boil': [377], 'down': [378], 'to:': [379], 'needed': [384, 1079], 'by': [386, 874, 955, 1272, 1595, 2159], 'what': [387, 979, 1021, 1099], 'stage': [388], 'development?The': [390], 'European': [391, 486, 1373, 1622, 1704, 1880], 'Forum': [393, 488, 1882], 'developed': [395], 'paradigm': [397, 1159], 'addressing': [399], '[1].': [402], 'Essentially,': [403], 'scheme': [405, 489], 'describes': [406], 'development': [408, 1037, 1698, 2044], 'analytical': [413, 552, 1024, 1165, 1205, 1238], 'varying': [416], 'degrees': [417], 'validation.': [419], 'cases': [421], 'where': [422, 456, 1214, 2037], 'known': [426], 'expected': [428, 1103], 'toxicologically': [431], 'active,': [432], 'notion': [434], 'beginning': [444], 'continuing': [449, 1229], 'development.': [452, 1137], 'case': [455], 'unknown,': [463], 'less': [464, 630, 1133], 'screening': [466], 'qualified': [468], 'methods': [469, 1479], 'may': [470, 495, 572, 654], 'more': [472, 595, 719, 827, 1566], 'appropriate': [473, 789, 1244], 'until': [474], 'determination': [476, 515, 560, 1915], 'made': [478], 'regarding': [479, 1035], 'metabolite.': [484], 'makes': [490], 'very': [491, 498], 'reasonable': [492], 'sense': [493], 'valuable': [499], 'tool': [500, 2082], 'industry.However,': [502], 'from': [503, 848, 1620, 1702, 1739, 1861, 1878, 2023], 'regulatory': [505, 702, 782, 1015, 1111, 1182], 'perspective,': [506], 'there': [507, 1139], 'two': [509], 'key': [510, 673], 'issues.': [511], 'First': [512], 'activity.': [518], 'Unexpectedly': [519], 'high': [520, 1071], 'concentrations': [521], 'altogether': [527], 'new': [528, 729], 'especially': [532], 'problematic': [533], 'inactive,': [537], 'because': [538, 836, 1120], 'further': [540, 872, 948, 1036], 'needed.': [543], 'So': [544, 1138], 'decision': [546, 1034], 'develop': [548], 'fully': [550, 1087, 1209], 'hinges': [557], 'on': [558, 780, 913, 1130, 1144], '(although,': [564], 'could': [566], 'argue': [567], 'contribute': [573, 992], 'understanding': [576, 772], 'metabolism': [579], 'fate': [582], 'parent': [585, 644], 'molecule).': [586], 'trigger': [588], 'appearance': [591], 'Although': [602], 'useful': [606], 'rule,': [607, 652], 'care': [608], 'should': [609, 1207, 1278, 2165], 'paid': [611], 'molecule.': [617], 'For': [618], 'example,': [619], 'SN-38': [620, 653, 1391], 'irinotecan.': [625], 'Overall,': [626], 'accounts': [628], 'Yet': [636], '1000-times': [640], '[2].': [645], 'If': [646], 'one': [647], 'simply': [648], 'followed': [649], 'measured,': [658], 'although': [659], 'contributes': [661], 'significantly': [662, 993], '(efficacy': [666], 'drug.The': [671], 'second': [672], 'overall': [677, 998], 'purpose': [678, 915], 'study.': [681], 'studies,': [684, 1119], 'extent': [686, 1007], 'unexpected': [695], 'can': [697, 784, 838, 870, 1019, 1171, 1234], 'relatively': [699], 'low.': [700], 'impact': [703, 775], '(e.g.,': [708], 'Phase': [709, 853, 929, 1048], 'I)': [710], 'generally': [712, 718, 1124], 'limited.': [713], 'Later': [714], 'developmental': [715, 1118], 'important': [720, 965, 1127], 'determining': [722, 1055], 'effectiveness': [726, 807], 'drug': [730, 804, 938, 985, 1616, 1809, 2043, 2084], 'biologic,': [732], 'well': [734, 895], 'providing': [736], 'basis': [738, 1053], 'dosing': [740], 'patient': [742, 1195], 'treatment.': [743], 'It': [744], 'setting': [748], 'reliability': [751, 1058], 'importance': [755], 'full': [757], 'required': [761], 'active': [764, 1429], 'moieties': [765], 'drug.': [768], 'Therefore,': [769], 'clear': [771], 'any': [777, 1294, 2181], 'given': [778], 'study': [779, 918, 962], 'submission': [783], 'help': [785], 'choose': [787], 'level': [790, 1022], 'validation.In': [792], 'separate,': [794], 'yet': [795], 'related': [796], 'area,': [797], 'and/or': [806, 1188], 'increased': [809, 820], 'years.': [812], 'Efforts': [813], 'quantify': [815], 'also': [819], 'commensurately.': [821], 'But': [822], 'arena': [824], 'even': [826], 'complicated': [828, 873], "'Metabolites": [831], "Testing'": [834], 'situation,': [835], 'used': [840, 926, 1045], 'wide': [842], 'variety': [843], 'ways,': [845], 'range': [847], 'candidate': [850, 1226], 'selection,': [851, 858, 1227], 'I': [854, 932], 'proof-of-concept': [855], 'dose': [857], 'efficacy': [863, 1001], 'pivotal': [866], 'trial.': [867], 'situation': [869], 'different': [881, 884, 1164], 'purposes': [882], 'at': [883], 'points': [885], 'drug-development.The': [887], 'same': [888], 'question': [889], 'cases:': [893], 'does': [897, 2038], 'various': [905], 'biomarker': [906, 924, 1043, 1806, 2070], 'applications?': [907], 'Here': [908], 'again,': [909], 'answer': [911, 1982], 'depends': [912], 'being': [919], 'developed.For': [920], 'instance,': [921], '0': [930], 'whether': [936], 'interacts': [939], 'target': [942], 'sufficiently': [943], 'merit': [947], 'development,': [949, 1231], 'risk': [951], 'entirely': [953], 'assumed': [954], 'sponsor.': [957], 'Generally,': [958], 'type': [960], 'quite': [964], 'sponsor': [968, 1018, 1216, 1233], 'deciding': [970, 1129, 1143], 'move': [972], 'forward': [973], 'not,': [975], 'determine': [978], 'allocate': [982], 'candidate.': [986], 'typically': [990, 1114], "don't": [991], 'decisions': [995, 1224], 'product.': [1004], 'Consequently,': [1005], 'importance.': [1016, 1066], 'decide': [1020], 'uncertainty': [1025], 'acceptable': [1027], 'respect': [1029], 'making': [1031], 'own': [1033], 'product.However,': [1040], 'III': [1049], 'efficacy,': [1056, 1189], 'data': [1061, 1077, 1122, 1178, 1199, 1220], 'case,': [1069], 'degree': [1072], 'confidence': [1074], 'bioanalytical': [1082, 1472], 'needs': [1084, 1149], 'provide': [1090, 1980], 'assurance.Both': [1092], 'scenarios': [1095], 'similar': [1097], 'traditionally': [1101], 'pharmacokinetic': [1105, 1481, 1602], 'assays': [1106, 1206, 1695, 1979], 'small': [1108], 'molecules.': [1109], 'later': [1117], 'approvability,': [1131], 'but': [1132], 'so': [1134], 'latitude': [1142], 'extensive': [1146], 'be.': [1151], 'approach': [1153, 1364, 1470, 1688, 1886, 2005], "'fit-for-purpose'.In": [1155], 'summary,': [1156], 'fit-for-purpose': [1158, 1985], 'applicable': [1161], 'questions.': [1166], 'general': [1168], 'rule': [1169], 'applied': [1173], 'generated': [1179], 'will': [1180, 1217], 'support': [1181], 'action,': [1183], 'assessing': [1186], 'supporting': [1191], 'labeled-dosing': [1192], 'instructions': [1193], 'treatment,': [1196], 'then': [1197], 'must': [1200], 'reliable': [1202], 'validated.': [1210], 'other': [1212], 'cases,': [1213], 'internally': [1221], 'make': [1223, 1246], 'product': [1230], 'deems': [1243], 'decisions.DisclaimerThe': [1248], 'views': [1249, 1368, 2136], 'expressed': [1250, 2137], 'article': [1253, 2140], 'those': [1255, 2142], 'author': [1258, 1285, 2145, 2172], 'reflect': [1262, 2149], 'official': [1263, 1270, 2150, 2157], 'policy': [1264, 2151], 'FDA.': [1268, 2155], 'No': [1269, 1335, 2156, 2222], 'endorsement': [1271, 2158], 'intended': [1276, 2163], 'inferred.Financial': [1280, 2167], 'competing': [1282, 2169], 'interests': [1283, 2170], 'disclosureThe': [1284, 2171], 'relevant': [1288, 2175], 'affiliations': [1289, 2176], 'financial': [1291, 1300, 1304, 2178, 2187, 2191], 'involvement': [1292, 2179], 'organization': [1295, 2182], 'entity': [1297, 2184], 'interest': [1301, 2188], 'conflict': [1305, 2192], 'subject': [1308, 2195], 'matter': [1309, 2196], 'materials': [1311, 2198], 'discussed': [1312, 2199], 'manuscript.': [1315, 2202], 'includes': [1317, 2204], 'employment,': [1318, 2205], 'consultancies,': [1319, 2206], 'honoraria,': [1320, 2207], 'stock': [1321, 2208], 'ownership': [1322, 2209], 'options,': [1324, 2211], 'expert': [1325, 2212], 'testimony,': [1326, 2213], 'grants': [1327, 2214], 'patents': [1329, 2216], 'received': [1330, 2217], 'pending,': [1332, 2219], 'royalties.': [1334, 2221], 'writing': [1336, 2223], 'assistance': [1337, 2224], 'was': [1338, 2225], 'utilized': [1339, 2226], 'production': [1342, 2229], 'manuscript.References1': [1345], 'Timmerman': [1346], 'P,': [1347], 'Anders': [1348, 1897], 'Kall': [1349], 'M,': [1350], 'Gordon': [1351], 'B,': [1352, 2075], 'Laakso': [1353], 'S,': [1354], 'Freisleben': [1355], 'A,': [1356], 'Hucker': [1357], 'R.': [1358], 'Best': [1359, 1857], 'practices': [1360, 1611], 'tiered': [1363, 1469, 1735, 1885, 1971], 'quantification:': [1367], 'recommendations': [1370], 'Bioanalysis': [1374, 1623, 1705, 1864, 1881, 2054], 'Forum.': [1375], 'Bioanalysis2(7),1185–1194': [1376], '(2010).Link,': [1377], 'Google': [1378, 1410], 'Scholar2': [1379], 'Ramchandani': [1380], 'RP,': [1381], 'Wang': [1382], 'Y,': [1383], 'Booth': [1384], 'BP': [1385], 'et': [1386], 'al.': [1387], 'role': [1389], 'exposure,': [1392], 'UGT1A*28': [1393], 'polymorphyism': [1394], 'baseline': [1396], 'bilirubin': [1397], 'levels': [1398], 'predicting': [1400], 'severe': [1401], 'irinotecan': [1402], 'toxicity.': [1403], 'J.': [1404], 'Clin.': [1405], 'Pharmacol.47(1),78–86': [1406], '(2007).Crossref,': [1407], 'Medline,': [1408], 'CAS,': [1409], 'Scholar101': [1411], 'Industry:': [1414], '(2008).': [1420], 'www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm079266.pdfGoogle': [1421], 'ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [1422], 'ByHighly': [1423], 'selective': [1424], 'sensitive': [1426], 'forms': [1430], 'FGF21': [1432], 'using': [1433, 1662, 1785, 2071], 'immunocapture': [1435], 'enrichment': [1436], 'LC–MS/MSYue': [1438], 'Zhao,': [1439], 'Guowen': [1440], 'Liu,': [1441, 1448], 'Suk': [1442], 'Kwok,': [1443], 'Barry': [1444], 'R': [1445, 1814], 'Jones,': [1446], 'Jane': [1447], 'David': [1449, 1995], 'Marchisin,': [1450], 'Philip': [1451], 'E': [1452, 1955], 'Joyce,': [1453], 'Jon': [1454], 'Peterson': [1455], 'Jim': [1457, 1936, 1944], 'X': [1458, 1937], 'Shen14': [1459], 'December': [1460, 2105, 2124, 2129], '2017': [1461, 1502], '|': [1462, 1503, 1577, 1647, 1682, 1725, 1766, 1789, 1842, 1870, 1909, 1959, 1999, 2016, 2030, 2091, 2107], 'Bioanalysis,': [1463, 1504, 1578, 1648, 1683, 1726, 1767, 1843, 1910, 1960, 2000, 2017, 2031, 2092, 2108], 'Vol.': [1464, 1505, 1579, 1609, 1649, 1684, 1727, 1768, 1794, 1844, 1874, 1911, 1961, 2001, 2018, 2032, 2076, 2093, 2109, 2113], '10,': [1465], '1Implementing': [1467], 'large-molecule': [1476], 'ligand-binding': [1477], 'assessmentsRebecca': [1482], 'G': [1483], 'Watson,': [1484, 1989], 'Adrienne': [1485], 'Clements-Egan,': [1486], 'Allen': [1487], 'Schantz,': [1488], 'Mark': [1489, 1816, 1954], 'Ware,': [1490], 'Bonnie': [1491], 'Wu,': [1492, 1833], 'Tong-Yuan': [1493], 'Yang,': [1494], 'Gopi': [1495], 'Shankar': [1496], 'Joseph': [1498], 'C': [1499], 'Marini18': [1500], 'September': [1501, 1723], '9,': [1506], '18Overview': [1508], 'Targeted': [1510], 'Quantitation': [1511, 1551], 'Biomarkers': [1513], 'Its': [1515], 'Applications14': [1516], 'July': [1517, 1533, 1544, 1554], '2017Current': [1518], 'Pertaining': [1521], 'Biomarker': [1522, 1542, 1550], 'Assay': [1523, 1539], 'Establishment': [1524], 'Industrial': [1526], 'Practice': [1527], 'Fit-for-Purpose': [1529], 'Tiered': [1531], 'Approach14': [1532], '2017Comparison': [1534], 'Between': [1535], 'LC-MS': [1536], 'Ligand-Binding': [1538], 'Approaches': [1540, 1848], 'Quantification14': [1543], '2017Overcome': [1545], 'Endogenous': [1547, 2056], 'Levels': [1548], 'Using': [1552], 'LC-MS14': [1553], '2017Liquid': [1555], 'Chromatography–Mass': [1556], 'Spectrometry': [1557], 'Assays': [1558], 'Regulated': [1561], 'Laboratory26': [1563], 'April': [1564], '2017Biomarkers:': [1565], 'challenge': [1569], 'bioanalysis': [1571], 'expectedPatrick': [1573], 'Bennett5': [1574], 'October': [1575, 1868, 1957, 2046, 2052], '2016': [1576, 1646, 1681], '8,': [1580, 1650, 1685], '22Simultaneous': [1582], 'quantification': [1583, 1614, 1807], 'tenofovir,': [1585], 'emtricitabine,': [1586], 'rilpivirine,': [1587], 'elvitegravir': [1588], 'dolutegravir': [1590], 'mouse': [1592], 'biological': [1593, 1783], 'matrices': [1594], 'LC–MS/MS': [1596], 'application': [1599, 1927], 'studyJournal': [1603], 'Pharmaceutical': [1605], 'Biomedical': [1607], 'Analysis,': [1608], '129Best': [1610], 'development:': [1617], 'updated': [1618], 'recommendation': [1619, 1701], 'ForumPhilip': [1624, 1706], 'Timmerman,': [1625, 1707, 1744, 1891], 'Stefan': [1626], 'Blech,': [1627], 'Stephen': [1628, 1640, 1708], 'White,': [1629, 1709, 1756, 1893], 'Martha': [1630], 'Green,': [1631], 'Claude': [1632], 'Delatour,': [1633], 'Stuart': [1634, 1710, 1747, 1905], 'McDougall,': [1635, 1669, 1711, 1748], 'Geert': [1636], 'Mannens,': [1637], 'John': [1638, 1715, 1902], 'Smeraglia,': [1639, 1716], 'Williams': [1641], 'Graeme': [1643], 'Young24': [1644], 'May': [1645], '12Analysis': [1652], 'aluminium': [1654, 1664], 'rat': [1656], 'following': [1657], 'administration': [1658], 'allergen': [1660], 'immunotherapy': [1661], 'either': [1663], 'microcrystalline-tyrosine-based': [1666], 'adjuvantsStuart': [1667], 'A': [1668, 1678, 1713], 'Matthew': [1670], 'D': [1671, 1837], 'Heath,': [1672], 'Matthias': [1673], 'F': [1674], 'Kramer': [1675], 'Murray': [1677], 'Skinner26': [1679], 'February': [1680], '6Tiered': [1687], 'into': [1689, 2025, 2041], 'practice:': [1690], 'chromatography-based': [1694], '–': [1699, 2079], 'Morten': [1712, 1896], 'Kall,': [1714, 1898], 'Marianne': [1717, 1899], 'Scheel': [1718, 1900], 'Fjording': [1719], 'Magnus': [1721, 1894], 'Knutsson10': [1722], '2015': [1724, 1765, 1788, 1841], '7,': [1728, 1769, 1845], '18Scientific': [1730], 'regulated': [1732], 'validation:': [1733], 'approach?': [1736], 'Meeting': [1737], 'report': [1738], 'joint': [1741], 'EBF/DVDMDG': [1742], 'workshopPhilip': [1743], 'Steve': [1745, 1755, 1820, 1892], 'Lowes,': [1746], 'Irina': [1749], 'Colligon,': [1750], 'Joy': [1751], 'Miksic,': [1752], 'Swapan': [1753], 'Chowdhury,': [1754], 'Anne-Françoise': [1757], 'Aubry,': [1758], 'Rand': [1759], 'Jenkins': [1760], 'Christopher': [1762], 'Kemper13': [1763], 'August': [1764, 2060], '14Strategies': [1771], 'improving': [1773], 'sensitivity': [1774], 'selectivity': [1776], 'quantitation': [1779], 'biotherapeutics': [1781], 'matrix': [1784], 'LC-MS/MS16': [1786], 'March': [1787, 1997, 2014, 2028], 'Expert': [1790], 'Review': [1791], 'Proteomics,': [1793], '12,': [1795], '2Recommendations': [1797], 'adaptation': [1799], 'commercial': [1803], 'kits': [1804], 'developmentMasood': [1810], 'U': [1811], 'Khan,': [1812], 'Ronald': [1813], 'Bowsher,': [1815], 'Cameron,': [1817], 'Viswanath': [1818], 'Devanarayan,': [1819], 'Keller,': [1821], 'Lindsay': [1822], 'King,': [1823], 'Jean': [1824], 'Lee,': [1825], 'Alyssa': [1826], 'Morimoto,': [1827], 'Paul': [1828], 'Rhyne,': [1829], 'Laurie': [1830], 'Stephen,': [1831], 'Yuling': [1832], 'Timothy': [1834], 'Wyant': [1835], 'Richard': [1838], 'Lachno14': [1839], 'January': [1840], '2Tiered': [1847], 'Chromatographic': [1850], 'Method': [1852], 'Performance': [1853], 'Evaluation:': [1854], 'Recommendation': [1855], 'Practices': [1858], 'Harmonization': [1860, 1866], 'Global': [1863], 'Consortium': [1865], 'Team23': [1867], '2014': [1869, 1908, 1958, 1998, 2015, 2029], 'AAPS': [1872], 'Journal,': [1873], '17,': [1875], '1Feedback': [1877], 'Workshop:': [1883], 'taking': [1884], 'next': [1889], 'levelPhilip': [1890], 'Knutsson,': [1895], 'Fjording,': [1901], 'Smeraglia': [1903], 'McDougall20': [1906], 'November': [1907, 2089], '6,': [1912, 1962, 2002, 2019, 2033], '19LC–MS/MS': [1914], 'apixaban': [1917], '(BMS-562247)': [1918], 'major': [1921], 'plasma:': [1925], 'polarity': [1929], 'switching': [1930], 'monolithic': [1932], 'HPLC': [1933], 'columnJanice': [1934], 'Pursley,': [1935], 'Shen,': [1938], 'Alan': [1939], 'Schuster,': [1940], 'Oanh': [1941], 'T': [1942], 'Dang,': [1943], 'Lehman,': [1945], 'Michael': [1946], 'H': [1947], 'Buonarati,': [1948], 'Yan': [1949], 'Song,': [1950], 'Anne-Francoise': [1951], 'Aubry': [1952], 'Arnold17': [1956], '15Measuring': [1964], 'soluble': [1965], 'trials:': [1969], 'approaches': [1972], 'analysis': [1975, 2078], 'challenge?Richard': [1986], 'Hucker,': [1987], 'Carl': [1988], 'Ian': [1990], 'James,': [1991], 'Scott': [1992], 'Vincent': [1993], 'Muirhead12': [1996], '5Tiered': [2004, 2021], 'revisited:': [2006], 'introducing': [2007], 'stage-appropriate': [2008], 'assay-appropriate': [2010], 'validationPhilip': [2012], 'Timmerman12': [2013, 2027], 'approach:': [2022], 'plan': [2024], 'practicePhilip': [2026], '5Bioanalysis': [2035], 'fit': [2040], 'process?30': [2045], '2013Method': [2047], 'qualification': [2048], 'tissue': [2050], 'bioanalysis11': [2051], '2013LC-MS': [2053], 'Compounds': [2057], 'Biomarkers30': [2059], '2013Quantitation': [2061], 'leukotriene': [2063], 'B4': [2064], 'sputum': [2067], 'UPLC–MS/MSJournal': [2072], 'Chromatography': [2074], '932Tissue': [2077], 'powerful': [2081], 'discovery': [2085], 'developmentStacy': [2087], 'Ho23': [2088], '2012': [2090], '4,': [2094], '21Conference': [2096], 'Report:': [2097], '19th': [2099], 'International': [2100], 'Reid': [2101], 'ForumHoward': [2103], 'Hill20': [2104], '2011': [2106, 2125, 2130], 'STAY': [2117], 'CONNECTED': [2118], 'Metrics': [2119], 'History': [2120], 'online': [2122], '20': [2123], 'print': [2128], 'Information©': [2131], 'Future': [2132], 'Science': [2133], 'LtdKeywordsbioanalysisregulatoryvalidatedvalidationUS': [2134], 'FDADisclaimerThe': [2135], 'manuscript.PDF': [2232], 'download': [2233]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039177908', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T04:24:35.569968', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}