Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2039010754', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00718-3', 'title': 'Three loop gauge β-function for the most general single gauge-coupling theory', 'display_name': 'Three loop gauge β-function for the most general single gauge-coupling theory', 'publication_year': 2001, 'publication_date': '2001-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2039010754', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00718-3', 'mag': '2039010754'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00718-3', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0104247', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018450208', 'display_name': 'A. Pickering', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7596-2779'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210119109', 'display_name': 'Indiana University Bloomington', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k40bc56', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119109', 'https://openalex.org/I592451']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I146655781', 'display_name': 'University of Liverpool', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xs57h96', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I146655781']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A.G.M. Pickering', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA', 'Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Physics Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210119109']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I146655781']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053322195', 'display_name': 'J. A. Gracey', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2853'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I146655781', 'display_name': 'University of Liverpool', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xs57h96', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I146655781']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.A. Gracey', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I146655781']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006446849', 'display_name': 'D.R.T. Jones', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7825-4997'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I146655781', 'display_name': 'University of Liverpool', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xs57h96', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I146655781']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D.R.T. Jones', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I146655781']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.804, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 56, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.925909, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '512', 'issue': '1-2', 'first_page': '230', 'last_page': '238'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10048', 'display_name': 'Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10048', 'display_name': 'Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10224', 'display_name': 'Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gauge-theory', 'display_name': 'Quantum gauge theory', 'score': 0.6014255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling-constant', 'display_name': 'Coupling constant', 'score': 0.5605576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly', 'display_name': 'Anomaly (physics)', 'score': 0.49654013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-gauge-theory', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'score': 0.4586094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-anomaly', 'display_name': 'Mixed anomaly', 'score': 0.45551437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/brst-quantization', 'display_name': 'BRST quantization', 'score': 0.42085224}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200161520', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527630', 'display_name': 'Gauge anomaly', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.83762026}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65266758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3984151', 'display_name': 'Supersymmetric gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.724548}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27428435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645297', 'display_name': 'Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6825758}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65211518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16743426', 'display_name': 'Introduction to gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.674194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6528682}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40976572', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873', 'display_name': 'Gauge (firearms)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60655373}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119766781', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Quantum gauge theory', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6014255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C183276030', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193095', 'display_name': 'Coupling constant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5605576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3079626', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881', 'display_name': 'Quantum electrodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53375345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5331437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31593994', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832289', 'display_name': 'Gauge fixing', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.50235224}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12997251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560', 'display_name': 'Anomaly (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49654013}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138817895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386769', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4586094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184670325', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604', 'display_name': 'Loop (graph theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45827082}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120926454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883945', 'display_name': 'Mixed anomaly', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.45551437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C131584629', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705', 'display_name': 'Coupling (piping)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45154923}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39366733', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2752849', 'display_name': 'BRST quantization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42085224}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40263606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580', 'display_name': 'Gauge boson', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.40127856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3910187}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31023544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2572385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18382144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09461659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.045408666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.04410544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114614502', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592', 'display_name': 'Combinatorics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00718-3', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173952182', 'display_name': 'Physics Letters B', 'issn_l': '0370-2693', 'issn': ['0370-2693', '1873-2445'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0104247', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0104247', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0104247', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0104247', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0104247', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0104247', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0104247', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2039010754', 'https://openalex.org/W3105666773'], 'referenced_works_count': 40, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1642972700', 'https://openalex.org/W1966407203', 'https://openalex.org/W1968098299', 'https://openalex.org/W1968756892', 'https://openalex.org/W1977836315', 'https://openalex.org/W1979771157', 'https://openalex.org/W1981058868', 'https://openalex.org/W1991738022', 'https://openalex.org/W2011885773', 'https://openalex.org/W2014632143', 'https://openalex.org/W2016057849', 'https://openalex.org/W2016939318', 'https://openalex.org/W2021865890', 'https://openalex.org/W2022008618', 'https://openalex.org/W2022012446', 'https://openalex.org/W2029306238', 'https://openalex.org/W2039028402', 'https://openalex.org/W2041671263', 'https://openalex.org/W2042824312', 'https://openalex.org/W2044022189', 'https://openalex.org/W2045472496', 'https://openalex.org/W2049182617', 'https://openalex.org/W2053975209', 'https://openalex.org/W2055032269', 'https://openalex.org/W2057305625', 'https://openalex.org/W2063606370', 'https://openalex.org/W2066592890', 'https://openalex.org/W2071527411', 'https://openalex.org/W2080500755', 'https://openalex.org/W2084273853', 'https://openalex.org/W2091877492', 'https://openalex.org/W2093714743', 'https://openalex.org/W2094441718', 'https://openalex.org/W2104994244', 'https://openalex.org/W2112265304', 'https://openalex.org/W2128221022', 'https://openalex.org/W2134657033', 'https://openalex.org/W2140783803', 'https://openalex.org/W3000019265', 'https://openalex.org/W4249956767'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4313305662', 'https://openalex.org/W4254045093', 'https://openalex.org/W3116189735', 'https://openalex.org/W2947540607', 'https://openalex.org/W293320936', 'https://openalex.org/W2096561760', 'https://openalex.org/W2039010754', 'https://openalex.org/W1995384195', 'https://openalex.org/W1993307849', 'https://openalex.org/W1968227303'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039010754', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T14:48:49.745699', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}