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1113, 1247, 1697, 1752, 2129, 2175, 2304], 'been': [96, 567, 908, 1739, 2177], 'concentrated': [97, 203], 'or': [98, 270, 413, 432, 693, 701, 761, 823, 1381, 1393, 2043, 2280], 'otherwise': [99, 4544], 'made': [100, 158], 'more': [101, 142, 374, 644, 731, 1283], 'available': [102, 1103], 'human': [104, 1782], 'exposure': [105, 131, 277, 658, 673, 1736], 'through': [106, 1259, 1368, 2418, 3637], 'anthropogenic': [107], 'means.2': [108], 'Both': [109], 'rapidity': [111], 'extent': [114, 1775, 1838], 'U.S.': [117, 163, 179, 2659, 2731, 2810, 3029, 3071, 3249, 3453, 3515, 3584, 3617], 'natural': [118, 1223, 1864, 2172, 2685, 2715, 2960, 3174], 'gas': [119, 148, 307, 451, 1155, 1271, 1659, 1704, 2173, 2686, 2833, 2961, 2988, 3135, 3391, 3730, 3957, 4035, 4108, 4244, 4294, 4389], 'boom': [121], 'have': [122, 174, 230, 534, 566, 742, 1338, 1564, 1640, 1738, 1765, 2095, 2352, 2626], 'brought': [123, 2545], 'heightened': [124], 'scrutiny': [125], 'to': [126, 173, 235, 243, 266, 278, 295, 327, 401, 457, 546, 609, 674, 695, 718, 759, 794, 799, 803, 812, 836, 851, 912, 921, 993, 1026, 1080, 1093, 1153, 1180, 1183, 1214, 1285, 1288, 1320, 1401, 1529, 1544, 1592, 1596, 1639, 1781, 1821, 1835, 1842, 1933, 1956, 2107, 2126, 2201, 2233, 2346, 2359, 2364, 2369, 2405, 2424, 2459, 2508, 2517, 2533, 2546, 3159, 3180, 3543, 3554, 3669, 3688, 3848, 4547, 4553, 4561, 4577, 4581, 4606], 'issues': [128, 4100], 'management.Perhaps': [134], 'nowhere': [135], 'question': [138], 'salient': [143], 'than': [144, 645, 662, 1219, 1475], 'Pennsylvania,': [146, 247, 2249, 2767, 2836, 3886], 'where': [147, 987, 1327, 2115], 'from': [150, 276, 280, 857, 1057, 1497, 1542, 1663, 1724, 1961, 1986, 2089, 2155, 2354, 2477, 2683, 2753, 2831, 3155, 3338, 3384, 3389, 3603, 3667, 3990, 4106, 4352, 4526], 'Marcellus': [152, 170, 741, 790, 1751, 2612, 2832, 3177, 4074, 4354], 'Shale': [153, 589, 791, 2850, 3802, 4075, 4191, 4221, 4470], 'using': [154, 410, 1384, 2464], 'hydraulic': [155, 1906, 2687, 3115, 3639, 4022, 4111], 'fracturing': [156, 2688, 3116, 3640, 4023], '(fracking)': [157], 'state': [160, 255, 1097, 1412, 2717], 'fastest-growing': [162, 2714], 'producer': [164], 'between': [165, 2374], '2011': [166, 1071], '2012.3': [168], 'The': [169, 340, 869, 895, 954, 970, 1044, 1149, 1693, 1846, 2024, 3495, 3903, 4039, 4441], 'known': [172, 2106], 'high': [175, 913, 931, 1342], 'uranium': [176], 'content,': [177, 4595], 'says': [178, 187, 261, 500, 996, 1131, 1200, 1558, 1798, 1817, 2255, 2642], 'Geological': [180, 2808, 3360], 'Survey': [181], 'research': [182, 1760, 1954], 'geologist': [183], 'Mark': [184], 'Engle.': [185, 2365], 'He': [186, 2366], 'concentrations': [188, 347, 1050, 4382], 'radium-226—a': [190], 'decay': [191], 'product': [192], 'uranium—can': [194], 'exceed': [195], '10,000': [196], 'picocuries': [197], 'per': [198], 'liter': [199], '(pCi/L)': [200], 'brine': [204, 1006, 1400, 2830, 3179], 'trapped': [205, 331], "shale's": [208], 'depths.A': [209], 'lined': [210, 520], 'impoundment': [211], 'receives': [212], 'at': [214, 478, 486, 925, 959, 1553, 1632, 1882, 1943, 2161, 2204, 2266, 2412, 2581], 'fracking': [216, 710, 792, 988, 1151, 1194, 1211, 1244, 1399, 1560, 1602, 1844, 1970, 2221, 2316, 2443, 2567, 2594, 2610, 2630], 'site': [217, 928, 962], 'Dimock,': [219], 'Pennsylvania.©': [220], 'Henry': [222], 'FairTo': [223], 'date': [224, 2347], 'industry': [227, 1129, 2174, 2325, 2376], 'regulators': [229], 'considered': [231], 'risk': [233, 275, 946, 1780, 2085, 4018], 'posed': [234, 2958], 'workers': [236, 271], 'public': [239, 269, 299, 762, 1671, 1757, 1802, 1924, 3718, 4541], 'by': [240, 846, 1270, 1538, 1604, 1714, 1741, 1787, 2959, 3654, 3953, 4079, 4110], 'be': [244, 407, 469, 544, 556, 1145, 1169, 1349, 1365, 1402, 1522, 1589, 1921, 2234, 2242, 2528, 2544], 'minor.': [245], 'In': [246, 782, 1569], 'Lisa': [248], 'Kasianowitz,': [249, 458, 1559], 'an': [250, 1435, 2142, 2276, 2468, 2484, 4520], 'information': [251, 2384, 4517, 4586], 'specialist': [252], 'with': [253, 356, 521, 615, 1018, 1037, 1210, 1356, 1440, 1485, 1805, 1898, 2149, 2159, 2395, 2454, 2498, 2513, 2530, 2638, 3332, 3438, 3642, 4217, 4524, 4549, 4604], 'Department': [256, 2732, 2811, 3250, 3303, 3454, 3478], 'Environmental': [258, 1614, 1809, 2660, 2763, 2854, 2934, 3030, 3072, 3305, 3416, 3480, 3516, 3585, 3618, 3695, 3735, 3775, 3817, 3862, 3889, 3995, 4082, 4134, 4177, 4225, 4252, 4298, 4356, 4395, 4531], 'Protection': [259, 2661, 2878, 3031, 3073, 3517, 3586, 3619, 3666], '(PADEP),': [260], 'there': [262, 459, 565, 1236, 1769, 2053, 2165], 'currently': [264], 'nothing': [265, 2295], '"indicate': [267], 'face': [272], 'any': [273, 314, 487], 'health': [274, 300, 1803, 3724], 'radiation': [279, 639, 672, 957, 1551, 1717], 'these': [281, 501, 1647], 'materials."': [282], 'But': [283, 2388], 'given': [284, 488, 2337], 'wide': [286], 'gaps': [287], 'data,': [290], 'this': [291, 807, 1094, 1105, 1132, 1143, 2239, 2368, 2551, 2577], 'cold': [293], 'comfort': [294], 'many': [296, 444, 773, 984, 1771, 2427], 'community.Waste': [301], 'Production': [302, 2649], 'StorageAfter': [304], 'fracking,': [305], 'both': [306, 878], 'liquids—including': [309], 'injected': [311], 'water': [312, 315, 756, 780, 822, 941, 1008, 1012, 1029, 1065, 1253, 1322, 1353, 1376, 1790, 1912, 1974, 2069, 2157, 2332, 2453, 2472, 2486, 2497, 2512, 2520, 2992, 4024, 4027, 4166, 4282], 'residing': [316], 'formation': [319, 1207, 1252], '(known': [320], 'as': [321, 387, 606, 621, 656, 778, 1300, 1377, 1501, 2063, 2467, 2576, 3274], '"flowback"': [322], '"produced': [324], 'water"4)—are': [325], 'pulled': [326], 'surface.': [329], 'Fluids': [330, 4351], 'shale': [334, 343, 450, 2987, 3158, 3390, 4107, 4243, 4293], 'remnants': [336], 'ancient': [338], 'seawater.': [339], 'salts': [341], 'waters': [344, 720, 747], 'reached': [345], 'extreme': [346, 1171], 'over': [348, 1053, 1222, 1700], 'millions': [349], 'years,': [351, 2102], 'their': [353, 797, 820, 2413, 2419], 'chemical': [354, 4080], 'interactions': [355], 'surrounding': [358], 'rock': [359, 1123, 1159], 'can': [360, 468, 562, 1016, 1175, 1254, 1372, 1526, 2048, 2070, 2117, 2297, 2326, 2543], 'mobilize': [361], 'radionuclides.5,6': [362], 'Several': [363], 'studies': [364, 2345], 'indicate': [365], 'that,': [366], 'generally': [367, 604], 'speaking,': [368], 'saltier': [370], 'water,': [372, 384], 'it': [376, 420, 825, 936, 1819, 2057, 2116, 2146, 2198, 2542], 'is.5,7Dissolved': [377], 'compounds': [378, 1034, 4385], 'precipitate': [380, 2509, 2526], 'out': [381, 937, 1156, 1626], 'building': [385], 'up': [386, 726, 2637], 'radionuclide-rich': [388], '"scale"': [389], 'inside': [390], 'pipes.': [391], 'To': [392], 'remove': [393], 'pipe-clogging': [395], 'scale,': [396, 2548], 'operators': [397], 'might': [398, 1672], 'inject': [399], 'chemicals': [400], 'dissolve': [402], 'it.8': [403], 'Scale': [404], 'also': [405, 436, 776, 929, 999, 1161, 1364, 1527, 1879, 2078], 'may': [406, 666, 1144, 1363, 1470, 2058, 4574], 'removed': [408], 'mechanically': [409], 'drills,': [411], 'explosives,': [412], 'jets': [414], 'fluid,9': [416], 'which': [418, 775, 1015, 1371, 2037, 2082], 'case': [419], 'joins': [421], 'solid': [423], 'stream.Wastes': [425], 'stored': [428], 'temporarily': [429], 'containers': [431], 'surface': [434, 719, 746, 940, 1216, 1962], 'impoundments,': [435], 'called': [437, 1031], 'pits': [438, 554, 574, 585], 'ponds.': [440], 'Data': [441], 'on': [442, 745, 1007, 1316, 1395, 1434, 1468, 1761, 1910, 1972, 2348, 2849, 2991, 3111, 3268, 3381, 3501, 3535, 3549, 3880, 4017, 4241], 'how': [443, 1317], 'such': [445, 859, 1277, 1307, 2062, 2383, 2575], 'ponds': [446, 494], 'used': [448, 505, 605, 1403], 'sparse,': [454], 'but': [455, 943], 'according': [456, 802, 1182, 1595, 1932, 2363], '25': [461], 'centralized': [462], 'impoundments': [463, 467, 518, 531], 'Pennsylvania.': [465, 749, 868], 'Centralized': [466], 'size': [471], 'football': [474], 'field': [475], 'hold': [477], 'least': [479, 1633], '10': [480], 'million': [481], 'gallons': [482], 'liquid.': [484], 'Although': [485, 629, 805, 1263, 2164], 'time': [489, 1225], 'number': [491], 'smaller': [493], 'probably': [496, 1500], 'much': [497, 1082, 1313, 2196, 2212, 2501], 'higher,': [498], 'she': [499], 'ephemeral': [502], 'lagoons': [503], 'mostly': [506], 'early': [509], 'phase': [510], 'well': [512, 620, 1869, 1883, 1964], 'development': [513], 'rapidly': [516], 'decommissioned.Most': [517], 'plastic': [522], 'sheeting.': [523], 'Pennsylvania': [524, 577, 1397, 1548, 1808, 2711, 3309, 3404, 3484, 4290], 'requires': [525], 'pit': [527, 570, 598, 2681], 'liners': [528, 561, 571], 'temporary': [530], 'disposal': [533, 1520, 2537, 2990, 3959], 'minimum': [536], 'thickness': [537], '30': [539, 2664], 'mil': [540], 'seams': [543], 'sealed': [545], 'prevent': [547], 'leakage.10': [548], "Ohio's": [549, 1074], 'only': [550, 1099, 1574, 2272], 'requirement': [551], 'must': [555], '"liquid': [557], 'tight."10': [558], 'However,': [559, 1450, 4564], 'improper': [560], 'tear,7': [563], 'reports': [568, 2305, 2390], 'tearing': [572], 'overflowing': [575], 'elsewhere.11A': [579], 'small': [580, 706], '2013': [581, 2434], 'study': [582, 971, 998, 1192, 1246, 1274, 1834, 1848, 1919, 1952, 2026], 'reserve': [584, 2680], 'Barnett': [588], 'region': [590], 'Texas': [592, 1112], 'suggested': [593], 'another': [594, 1001], 'consideration': [595], 'assessing': [597], 'safety.': [599], 'Investigators': [600], 'measured': [601], 'radium—the': [602], 'radionuclide': [603, 654], 'proxy': [608], 'judge': [610], 'whether': [611, 2217], 'NORM': [612, 738, 1733, 2504, 3670], 'complies': [614], 'regulatory': [616, 635, 649, 657, 1667], 'guidelines': [617, 659], 'disposal—as': [619], 'seven': [622], 'other': [623, 985, 2060, 2150, 2481], 'not': [625, 1090, 1425, 1582, 2028, 2176, 2335, 2963, 4575], 'routinely': [626], 'tested': [627, 2014], 'for.': [628], 'individual': [630], 'were': [632, 963, 1266, 1309, 2402, 2421], 'within': [633, 1242, 4613], 'existing': [634], 'guidelines,': [636], 'total': [637], 'beta': [638, 2022], 'one': [641, 858, 2436], 'sample': [642, 1850, 2425], 'was': [643, 757, 1494], '8': [646, 2670, 2738, 2819, 2871, 2906, 2950, 2978, 3040, 3102, 3215, 3259, 3290, 3314, 3370, 3424, 3463, 3489, 3524, 3568, 3595, 3626], 'times': [647, 965], 'limit.': [650], '"Evaluating': [651], 'single': [653], 'radium': [655, 976, 1328, 1347, 1464, 1482, 1493, 2033, 2066, 2137, 2514], 'indicate,': [660], 'rather': [661], 'considering': [663], 'all': [664, 789, 1577, 1629, 1665, 2328, 4556, 4562], 'radionuclides,': [665, 1635], 'indeed': [667], 'underestimate': [668], 'potential': [670, 974, 1002, 1060, 1840, 1903, 1959, 2273, 2437, 2618], 'workers,': [675], 'general': [677, 1670], 'public,': [678], 'environment,"': [681, 995], 'authors': [683, 902, 1275, 1511, 2522], 'wrote.2Surface': [684], 'WatersUltimately': [685], 'most': [686, 754, 810, 905, 2039], 'wastewater': [687, 711, 763, 798, 1120, 1856, 1885, 1888, 1971, 2005, 2989, 3958, 4105], 'either': [689], 'treated': [690, 715, 1005, 1969], 'reused': [692], 'sent': [694, 758], 'Class': [696, 1075], 'II': [697, 1076, 1115], 'injection': [698, 1077, 1101, 1116, 1166, 1174], 'wells': [699, 1078, 1102, 1117, 1167, 1241, 2834], '(disposal': [700], 'recovery': [703], 'wells).': [704], 'A': [705, 1914, 3692, 3752, 3797, 3838, 3899, 3978, 4015, 4096, 4422], 'fraction': [707, 818], "Pennsylvania's": [709, 1084, 1087, 1601], 'still': [713], 'being': [714, 767, 855, 2013, 4587], 'released': [717, 992, 1922, 2200], 'until': [721, 752], 'treatment': [722, 733, 764, 800, 827, 831, 1066, 1859, 1886, 1987, 2006, 2361, 2439, 4102], "facilities'": [723], 'permits': [724], 'come': [725], 'renewal': [728], 'under': [729, 1410], 'new,': [730], 'stringent': [732], 'standards,': [734], 'Kasianowitz': [735], 'says.Concerns': [736], 'about': [737, 1290, 1428, 1773, 2179, 2208, 2216, 2299, 2604, 2620, 3011], 'recently': [743], 'focused': [744], "That's": [750], 'because': [751, 1628, 1646, 2189, 2195, 2250], '2011,': [753], 'produced': [755, 821, 1011, 1375, 1853, 2156, 2331, 4026, 4076], 'commercial': [760, 830], 'plants': [765, 832], 'before': [766], 'discharged': [768, 856], 'into': [769, 1137, 1256, 2632], 'rivers': [770], 'streams,': [772], 'serve': [777], 'drinking': [779, 1028, 1064, 1321, 1789, 1911, 1973, 2068, 2519, 4165], 'supplies.': [781], 'April': [783], 'year': [786, 1179], 'PADEP': [787, 1847, 1877, 2303], 'asked': [788], 'operations': [793, 2568, 2691], 'stop': [795], 'sending': [796], 'plants,': [801, 1887], 'Kasianowitz.': [804], 'voluntary,': [806], 'request': [808], 'motivated': [809], 'producers': [811, 2401], 'begin': [813], 'directly': [814], 'reusing': [815, 824, 2252], 'major': [817], 'after': [826], 'dedicated': [829], 'equipped': [835], 'handle': [837], 'its': [838, 1438, 1762, 2182, 2605], 'contaminants.A': [839], 'team': [840], 'Duke': [842, 1045], 'University': [843, 2268, 2769, 3362], 'researchers': [844, 870, 1046], 'led': [845], 'geochemist': [847], 'Avner': [848], 'Vengosh': [849, 1296, 2301, 2445, 2549, 3751], 'sought': [850], 'characterize': [852, 1997], 'effluent': [854], 'plant,': [860], 'Josephine': [862], 'Brine': [863, 3343], 'Treatment': [864, 3815], 'Facility': [865], 'southwestern': [867, 4289], 'compared': [871], 'radioactivity': [872, 891, 1423, 1586, 1881, 2240, 2441, 2621], 'dissolved': [874], 'solids': [875, 1563], 'sediment': [877, 956], 'up-': [879], 'downstream': [881, 942, 1056], 'facility': [884], 'found': [886, 1461], '90%': [888], 'reduction': [889], 'effluent.': [894], 'constituents': [897], "didn't": [898], 'just': [899], 'disappear;': [900], 'noted': [903, 1731], 'had': [906, 930], 'likely': [907], 'transferred': [909], 'accumulated': [911], 'levels': [914, 932, 958, 1584, 2515, 2534], 'sludge': [917, 1394, 2682], 'would': [919, 1220, 1314, 1329, 1588, 1674, 2241, 2622], 'go': [920, 1528], 'landfill.12Stream': [923], 'sediments': [924, 982], 'discharge': [927, 961, 1967], 'radioactivity,': [934, 1909], 'keeping': [935], 'posing': [944], 'bioaccumulation': [948], 'local': [951], 'food': [952], 'web.': [953], 'outflow': [955], '200': [964], 'those': [966], 'upstream': [968], 'sediments.': [969], 'highlighted': [972], '"the': [973], 'accumulation': [977], 'stream': [979, 3951], 'pond': [981], 'sites': [986, 2479], 'fluids': [989, 3641, 4077], 'accidentally': [991], 'Vengosh.The': [997], 'demonstrated': [1000, 1248], 'impact': [1003, 2237], 'quality.': [1009], 'Most': [1010], 'contains': [1013], 'bromide,': [1014], 'combine': [1017], 'organic': [1021], 'matter': [1022], 'chlorine': [1024], 'disinfectant': [1025], 'contaminants': [1030, 1136, 2003], 'trihalomethanes.': [1032], 'These': [1033], 'associated': [1036], 'liver,': [1038], 'kidney,': [1039], 'nervous': [1041], 'system': [1042], 'problems.13': [1043], 'reported': [1047], 'highly': [1048], 'elevated': [1049], 'bromide': [1052], 'mile': [1055], 'plant—a': [1059], 'future': [1061], 'burden': [1062], 'facilities': [1067], 'downstream.12Deep': [1068], 'InjectionFollowing': [1069], 'policy': [1072], 'change,': [1073], 'began': [1079, 1549], 'receive': [1081], 'end-stage': [1085], 'wastewater.': [1086], 'geology': [1088], 'does': [1089, 2027], 'lend': [1091], 'itself': [1092], 'method;': [1095], 'six': [1100], 'purpose,': [1106], 'while': [1107, 2560], 'Ohio': [1108], '177,10': [1110], '50,000.14Class': [1114], 'place': [1118], 'below': [1121], 'strata': [1124], 'containing': [1125], 'usable': [1126], 'groundwater.': [1127], 'Conventional': [1128, 3770], 'wisdom': [1130, 1427], 'prevents': [1133], 'migration': [1134, 3113, 3175], 'shallower': [1138], 'freshwater': [1139, 1257, 1325, 2113, 2565], 'zones.7,15,16,17But': [1140], 'believe': [1142], 'flawed': [1147], 'assumption.': [1148], 'reason': [1150], 'works': [1152], 'force': [1154], 'why': [1162], 'observers': [1164], 'think': [1165], 'could': [1168, 1205, 1279, 2527, 2553], 'unstable—the': [1170], 'pressure': [1172, 1204], 'take': [1176], 'nearly': [1177, 1664], 'dissipate,': [1181], 'hydrologic': [1184], 'consultant': [1185], 'Tom': [1186], 'Myers,': [1187], 'who': [1188], 'published': [1189, 2431, 4523, 4570], 'modeling': [1191], "fluids'": [1195], 'underground': [1196], 'behavior': [1197], '2012.18Myers': [1199], 'lingering': [1202], 'higher-than-normal': [1203], 'bring': [1206], 'waters,': [1208, 1854], 'along': [1209, 2158], 'chemicals,': [1212], 'closer': [1213], 'far': [1217, 1299], 'faster': [1218], 'occur': [1221], 'geological': [1224], 'scales': [1226], 'thousands': [1228], 'years.': [1230], 'This': [1231], 'particularly': [1233], 'true': [1234], 'if': [1235, 2609], 'faults': [1238], 'and/or': [1239], 'abandoned': [1240], 'zone.Another': [1245], 'possibility': [1250, 2462], 'migrate': [1255], 'aquifers': [1258, 3182], 'pathways.19': [1262], 'pathways': [1265, 3154], 'not,': [1267], 'themselves,': [1268], 'caused': [1269, 2500], 'drilling,': [1272], 'suggest': [1276, 2523], 'features': [1278], 'make': [1280], 'certain': [1281], 'areas': [1282], 'vulnerable': [1284], 'contamination': [1286, 2313, 4283], 'due': [1287, 4580], 'fracking.Asked': [1289], 'integrity': [1292], 'deep-injection': [1294], 'wells,': [1295], 'says,': [1297, 1312, 1335, 2302, 2320, 2550], '"As': [1298], 'I': [1301, 3711, 3943], 'know': [1302], "nobody's": [1303], 'actually': [1304], 'checking."': [1305], 'If': [1306, 2541, 4589], 'leaks': [1308], 'happening,': [1310], 'he': [1311, 1334, 2284, 2319, 2415], 'depend': [1315], 'they': [1318, 1478, 1571], 'connected': [1319], 'aquifers.': [1323], '"Unlike': [1324], 'systems': [1326], 'accumulate': [1330], 'sediments,"': [1333], '"if': [1336], 'you': [1337, 2296, 2625, 2635, 4590, 4605], 'condition': [1340], 'salinity': [1343], 'reducing': [1345, 2561], 'conditions,': [1346], 'will': [1348, 1849, 1878, 1920, 1978, 1996, 4602], 'dissolving': [1350], 'move': [1355], 'water."Beneficial': [1358], 'Uses': [1359], 'LandfillsFracking': [1361], 'wastes': [1362], 'disposed': [1366], '"beneficial': [1369], 'uses,"': [1370], 'include': [1373, 2029], 'applying': [1374], 'road': [1379, 1388, 1405], 'de-icer': [1380], 'dust': [1382, 1406], 'suppressant,': [1383], 'cuttings': [1386], 'maintenance,': [1389], 'spreading': [1391], 'liquids': [1392], 'fields.12,20,21': [1396], 'allows': [1398], 'ice': [1408], 'control': [1409, 2210], 'permit.22': [1413], 'While': [1414], 'permit': [1416], 'sets': [1417], 'allowable': [1418], 'limits': [1419, 1532], 'numerous': [1421], 'constituents,': [1422], 'included.23Conventional': [1426], "radium's": [1429], 'stability': [1430], 'landfills': [1432, 1535, 1555, 1648, 3385], 'rests': [1433], 'assumption': [1436], 'regarding': [1437], 'interaction': [1439], 'barite': [1441, 1484], '(barium': [1442], 'sulfate),': [1443], 'common': [1445], 'constituent': [1446], 'waste.': [1449, 1705], 'Charles': [1451], 'Swann': [1452, 2389, 3319], 'Mississippi': [1455, 1487, 2396, 3364], 'Mineral': [1456, 3352], 'Resources': [1457, 3353], 'Institute': [1458, 2759, 4529], 'colleagues': [1460, 2447], 'evidence': [1462, 2056, 3171], 'spread': [1467], 'fields': [1469, 2428], 'behave': [1471, 2138], 'differently': [1472], 'soil': [1474, 1488, 1505], 'expected.': [1476], 'When': [1477, 2045], 'mixed': [1479], 'scale': [1480, 1519, 1866], 'comprising': [1481], 'typical': [1486], 'samples': [1489, 2011], 'laboratory,': [1492], 'gradually': [1495], 'solubilized': [1496], 'barite,': [1499], 'result': [1503], 'microbial': [1506], 'activity.': [1507], '"This': [1508], 'result,"': [1509], 'wrote,': [1512], '"suggests': [1513], 'landspreading': [1516], 'means': [1517], 'should': [1521], 'reviewed."24Solids': [1523], 'sludges': [1525, 1561], 'landfills.': [1530, 2540], 'Radioactivity': [1531, 4462], 'municipal': [1534, 1554, 2539], 'set': [1537, 1566], 'states,': [1539], 'range': [1541], '5': [1543], '50': [1545], 'pCi/g.25': [1546], 'Since': [1547], 'requiring': [1550], 'monitors': [1552], '2001,': [1557], 'rarely': [1565], 'them': [1567], 'off.': [1568], '2012': [1570, 1598], 'accounted': [1572], '0.5%': [1575], 'monitor': [1578], 'alarms.': [1579], 'They': [1580], '"did': [1581], 'contain': [1583, 1631], 'acutely': [1590], 'harmful': [1591], 'public,"': [1594], 'review': [1599, 1900, 1928, 4016, 4097], 'practices': [1603], 'nonprofit': [1606], 'State': [1607, 1706, 1744, 3266, 3406, 3665], 'Review': [1608, 3410], 'Oil': [1610, 2646, 2845, 2887, 2929, 3224, 3412, 3443, 3469, 3604, 3677, 3771], 'Natural': [1612, 3414, 4436], 'Gas': [1613, 2648, 2889, 2931, 3226, 3415, 3445, 3471, 3606, 3679, 3773, 3803, 4222, 4437, 4471], 'Regulations.26': [1615], 'Dave': [1616], 'Allard,': [1617], 'director': [1618], "PADEP's": [1620], 'Bureau': [1621], 'Radiation': [1623, 2655, 2877, 3473, 3580, 3613], 'Protection,': [1624, 3306, 3481, 3890], 'points': [1625], 'soils': [1630], '"you\'re': [1636], 'always': [1637, 2964], 'going': [1638], 'radium,': [1642, 1985], 'thorium,': [1643], 'uranium,': [1645], 'soils."Assessing': [1651], 'ExposuresAt': [1652], 'federal': [1654, 1716], 'level,': [1655], 'oil': [1657, 1702, 3728, 3955, 4033, 4387], 'exempt': [1662], 'processes': [1668], 'expect': [1673], 'govern': [1675], 'it.': [1676], 'Neither': [1677], 'Atomic': [1679, 2898], 'Energy': [1680, 2722, 2728, 2761, 2899], 'Act': [1681, 1690], '1954': [1683], 'nor': [1684], 'Low-Level': [1686], 'Waste': [1688, 2884, 3196, 3273, 3394, 3602], 'Policy': [1689], 'covers': [1691], 'NORM.2': [1692], 'Nuclear': [1694, 3850], 'Regulatory': [1695], 'Commission': [1696], 'authority': [1699], 'laws': [1707], 'patchwork.': [1710], 'Workers': [1711], 'covered': [1713], 'protections,': [1718], 'although': [1719], '1989': [1721], 'safety': [1722], 'bulletin': [1723], 'Occupational': [1726, 3697], 'Safety': [1727, 2891, 3449], 'Health': [1729, 1810, 2857, 2937, 3430, 3435, 3451, 3530, 3539, 3550, 3698, 4357, 4432, 4492, 4532], 'Administration': [1730], 'sources': [1734, 4167], '"may': [1737], 'overlooked': [1740], 'Federal': [1742], 'agencies': [1745], 'past."27Fracking': [1748], 'advanced': [1753], 'quickly': [1755], 'understanding': [1758, 2591], 'consequences': [1764], 'lagged': [1766], 'behind,': [1767], 'questions': [1772, 2616], 'magnitude': [1777], 'health.': [1783], '"We': [1784], 'troubled': [1786], 'people': [1788], '[could': [1792], 'potentially': [1793], 'have]': [1794], 'radium-226': [1795], 'it,"': [1797], 'David': [1799], 'Brown,': [1800], 'toxicologist': [1804], 'Southwest': [1807], 'Project.': [1811], '"When': [1812], 'somebody': [1813], 'calls': [1814], 'us': [1815], "'is": [1818], 'safe': [1820], 'drink': [1822], 'our': [1823], "water,'": [1824], 'answer': [1826], "'I": [1828], "don't": [1829], 'know.\'"PADEP': [1830], 'conducting': [1832], 'determine': [1836], 'exposures': [1841], 'wastewater.28': [1845], 'drill': [1851], 'cuttings,': [1852], 'muds,': [1855], 'recycling': [1857, 1889], 'sludges,': [1860], 'filter': [1861], 'screens,': [1862], 'extracted': [1863], 'gas,': [1865, 2144], 'buildup': [1867], 'casings': [1870], 'pipelines,': [1872], 'transport': [1875, 1981, 2001], 'equipment.': [1876], 'evaluate': [1880], 'pads,': [1884], 'facilities,': [1890], 'landfills.The': [1892], 'EPA': [1893, 1918, 1951, 2518, 3507, 3608], 'studying': [1895], 'issue': [1897], 'impacts': [1904, 1960, 2351, 3725], 'fracturing,29': [1907], 'including': [1908, 1984], 'resources.': [1913], 'draft': [1915], 'comment': [1925], 'peer': [1927], 'late': [1930], '2014,': [1931], 'Christopher': [1934], 'Impellitteri,': [1935], 'chief': [1936], 'Water': [1939, 3007, 3050, 3120, 3145, 3161, 3228, 3503, 4467], 'Quality': [1940], 'Management': [1941, 1948, 2881, 3053, 3197, 3229], 'Branch': [1942], "agency's": [1945], 'National': [1946, 3065, 3209, 3558, 3561, 4528, 4534], 'Risk': [1947], 'Research': [1949, 2764, 3512, 3559], 'Laboratory.The': [1950], 'includes': [1953], 'designed': [1955], 'assess': [1957, 4607], 'spills,': [1963], 'injection,': [1965], 'sources.': [1975], 'One': [1976], 'project': [1977], 'model': [1979], 'contaminants,': [1983], 'outflows': [1988], 'receiving': [1990, 3386], 'waters.': [1991], 'Field': [1992], 'laboratory': [1994], 'experiments': [1995, 2492], 'fate': [1999, 2596], 'reuse': [2008, 2327], 'processes.': [2009], 'Groundwater': [2010], 'radium-226,': [2016], 'radium-228,': [2017], 'gross': [2019], 'alpha': [2020, 2035], 'radiation.': [2023], 'overall': [2025], 'radon.29Both': [2030], 'radon': [2031, 2047, 2135, 2180, 3382, 3533], 'emit': [2034], 'particles,': [2036], 'dangerous': [2040], 'when': [2041], 'inhaled': [2042], 'ingested.': [2044], 'inhaled,': [2046], 'cause': [2049, 2059, 2071], 'lung': [2050], 'cancer,': [2051, 2074], 'cancers': [2061], 'leukemia.30': [2064], 'Consuming': [2065], 'lymphoma,': [2072], 'bone': [2073], 'leukemias.31': [2076], 'Radium': [2077, 2104, 2123, 2784, 3330, 3575, 3756], 'emits': [2079], 'gamma': [2080], 'rays,': [2081], 'raise': [2083], 'cancer': [2084], 'throughout': [2086], 'body': [2088], 'external': [2090], 'exposures.': [2091], 'Radium-226': [2092], 'radium-228': [2094], 'half-lives': [2096], '1,600': [2098], 'years': [2099], '5.75': [2101], 'respectively.': [2103], 'bioaccumulate': [2108], 'invertebrates,': [2110], 'mollusks,': [2111], 'fish,12': [2114], 'substitute': [2118], 'calcium': [2120], 'bones.': [2122], 'eventually': [2124], 'decays': [2125], 'radon;': [2127], 'radon-222': [2128], 'half-life': [2131, 2193], '3.8': [2133], 'days.Geochemically,': [2134], 'differently.': [2139], 'Radon': [2140, 3555], 'inert': [2143], "doesn't": [2147], 'react': [2148], 'elements': [2151], 'usually': [2153], 'separates': [2154], 'methane': [2160], 'wellhead.': [2163], 'few': [2167], 'empirical': [2168], 'data': [2169], 'available,': [2170], 'concerned': [2178], 'reaching': [2181], 'consumers': [2183], 'significant': [2185], 'amounts,': [2186], 'part': [2188], "radon's": [2191], 'short': [2192], 'atmosphere': [2203], 'wellhead.32Beyond': [2206], 'AssumptionsAssumptions': [2207], 'quality': [2209, 2993], 'underlie': [2211], 'debate': [2215], 'risks': [2219], 'outweigh': [2222], 'benefits.': [2224], '"If': [2225], 'everything': [2226], 'done': [2228], 'way': [2230], 'supposed': [2232], 'done,': [2235], 'fairly': [2243], 'minimal': [2244], 'environment': [2247, 2599], "they're": [2251], 'water,"': [2254], 'Radisav': [2256], 'R.': [2257], 'Vidic,': [2258], 'professor': [2260], 'civil': [2262], 'environmental': [2264, 2350, 3722], 'engineering': [2265], 'Pittsburgh.': [2270], '"The': [2271, 2321, 2398], 'pathway': [2274], 'accident,': [2277], 'spill,': [2279], 'leak."': [2282], 'But,': [2283], 'adds,': [2285], '"That\'s': [2286], 'something': [2287], 'happens': [2289], 'every': [2291], 'industry,': [2292], "there's": [2294], 'do': [2298], 'it."Indeed,': [2300], 'hundreds': [2307], 'cases': [2309], 'spills': [2311], 'involved': [2315], 'fluids.': [2317], 'Furthermore,': [2318], 'notion': [2322], 'flowback': [2329, 2452, 2496, 2507, 2829], 'simply': [2334], 'possible,': [2336], 'chemistry': [2339], 'wastewater."Many': [2342], "fracking's": [2349], 'suffered': [2353], 'lack': [2356, 2371], 'access': [2358], 'actual': [2360], 'practices,': [2362], 'attributes': [2367], 'trust': [2373], 'scientists,': [2378], 'fact': [2381], 'proprietary.': [2387], 'different': [2392], 'experience': [2393], 'working': [2394, 4615], 'producers.': [2397], 'small,': [2399], 'independent': [2400], 'very': [2403], 'willing': [2404], 'cooperate': [2406], 'gladly': [2408], 'provided': [2409], 'assistance,': [2410], 'expense,"': [2414], 'says.': [2416], '"Only': [2417], 'assistance': [2420, 4592], 'we': [2422], 'able': [2423], 'wells."24Research': [2430], 'December': [2433, 2724, 3035], 'suggests': [2435], 'new': [2438], 'waste.33': [2444], 'combined': [2448], 'various': [2449], 'proportions': [2450], 'acid': [2455, 3643], 'mine': [2456, 3644], 'drainage': [2457], '(AMD)': [2458], 'test': [2460], 'latter': [2466], 'alternative': [2469], 'source': [2470], 'fracking.': [2474], 'AMD—acidic': [2475], 'leachate': [2476], 'mining': [2478], 'disturbed': [2482], 'areas—is': [2483], 'important': [2485], 'pollutant': [2487], 'regions.': [2490], 'Laboratory': [2491, 3066, 3210], 'showed': [2493], 'mixing': [2495], 'AMD': [2499, 2559], 'out,': [2510], 'leaving': [2511], 'close': [2516], 'standards.The': [2521], 'diluted': [2529], 'nonradioactive': [2531], 'appropriate': [2535], 'industrial': [2547], 'method': [2552], 'provide': [2554, 2578], 'beneficial': [2556], 'use': [2557], 'need': [2563, 3139, 4591], 'managing': [2570], 'inevitable': [2572], 'waste.Studies': [2574], 'light': [2580], 'end': [2583, 2636], 'wellbore.': [2586], 'Yet': [2587], 'current': [2589], 'patchy': [2590], "waste's": [2595], 'precludes': [2600], 'making': [2601], 'good': [2602], 'decisions': [2603], 'management.': [2606], 'And': [2607], 'even': [2608], 'ceased': [2613], 'overnight,': [2614], 'problems': [2619], 'linger.': [2623], '"Once': [2624], 'release': [2628], 'fluid': [2631, 3117], 'environment,': [2634], 'legacy,"': [2641], 'Vengosh.References1': [2643], 'EPA.': [2644, 3005, 3494, 3573, 3600], 'TENORM:': [2645], 'Wastes': [2650, 3205, 3673, 3853], '[website].': [2651, 2756, 3024, 3206, 3475, 3576], 'Washington,': [2652, 2726, 2806, 2860, 2940, 3025, 3091, 3447, 3509, 3547, 3577, 3610], 'DC:Office': [2653, 3026, 3510, 3578, 3611], 'Indoor': [2657, 3582, 3615], 'Air,': [2658, 3583, 3616], 'Agency': [2662, 2900, 3032, 3518, 3587, 3620], '(updated': [2663, 3033, 3588], 'August': [2665], '2012).': [2666, 2867, 2946, 3098, 3520, 3591], 'Available:': [2667, 2735, 2773, 2816, 2868, 2903, 2947, 2975, 3037, 3099, 3212, 3256, 3287, 3311, 3367, 3421, 3460, 3486, 3521, 3565, 3592, 3623], 'http://www.epa.gov/radiation/tenorm/oilandgas.html': [2668], '[accessed': [2669, 2737, 2818, 2870, 2905, 2949, 2977, 3039, 3101, 3214, 3258, 3289, 3313, 3369, 3423, 3462, 3488, 3523, 3567, 3594, 3625], 'January': [2671, 2739, 2776, 2820, 2872, 2907, 2951, 2979, 3041, 3103, 3216, 3260, 3291, 3315, 3371, 3425, 3458, 3464, 3490, 3525, 3569, 3596, 3627], '2014].': [2672, 2740, 2777, 2873, 2908, 2952, 2980, 3042, 3104, 3261, 3292, 3316, 3372, 3426, 3465, 3491, 3526, 3570, 3597, 3628], 'Google': [2673, 2708, 2741, 2778, 2822, 2842, 2874, 2909, 2925, 2953, 2981, 3003, 3043, 3069, 3105, 3125, 3149, 3166, 3193, 3218, 3262, 3293, 3317, 3373, 3401, 3427, 3466, 3492, 3527, 3571, 3598, 3629, 3652], 'Scholar2': [2674], 'Rich': [2675], 'AL,': [2676], 'Crosby': [2677, 3921], 'ECAnalysis': [2678], 'presence': [2694], 'technologically': [2696], '(TENORM).New': [2702], 'Solut': [2703], '23(1):117-1352013.;': [2704], 'doi:10.2190/NS.23.1.h23552651.': [2705], 'Crossref,': [2706, 2841, 3001, 3123, 3164, 3191, 3399, 3650], 'Medline,': [2707, 3002, 3124, 3165, 3192, 3400, 3651], 'Scholar3': [2709], 'EIA.': [2710], 'gas-producing': [2716], '[weblog': [2718], 'entry].': [2719], 'Today': [2720], '(17': [2723], '2013).': [2725, 3036, 3420], 'DC:U.S.': [2727, 2807, 2861, 2941, 3092], 'Information': [2729, 2848, 3010, 3198, 3432], 'Administration,': [2730, 3452], 'Energy.': [2734], 'http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=14231#': [2736], 'Scholar4': [2742], 'Schramm': [2743], 'E.': [2744], 'What': [2745], 'Is': [2746], 'Flowback': [2747, 3804], 'How': [2749], 'Does': [2750], 'It': [2751], 'Differ': [2752], 'Produced': [2754, 2790, 3049, 3227, 3333, 3806, 4350], 'Water?': [2755], 'Wilkes-Barre,': [2757], 'PA:The': [2758], 'Northeastern': [2766], 'Wilkes': [2768], '(24': [2770], 'March': [2771, 3590], '11).': [2772], 'http://energy.wilkes.edu/pages/205.asp': [2774], '[8': [2775], 'Scholar5': [2779], 'Rowan': [2780], 'EL,': [2781], 'et': [2782, 2913, 3129, 3222, 3321], 'al.': [2783, 2914, 3130, 3223, 3322], 'Content': [2785], 'Oil-': [2787], 'Gas-Field': [2789], 'Waters': [2791], 'Northern': [2794], 'Appalachian': [2795, 4248], 'Basin': [2796], '(USA)—Summary': [2797], 'Discussion': [2799], 'Data.': [2801], 'Scientific': [2802], 'Investigations': [2803], 'Report': [2804, 3242], '2011–5135.': [2805], 'Survey,': [2809], 'Interior': [2814, 3253], '(2011).': [2815], 'http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5135/pdf/sir2011-5135.pdf': [2817], '2014.].': [2821, 3217], 'Scholar6': [2823], 'Haluszczak': [2824], 'LOet': [2825], 'al.Geochemical': [2826, 3170], 'evaluation': [2827], 'USA.Appl': [2837], 'Geochem': [2838], '28:55-612012.);': [2839], 'http//dx..org/doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.10.002.': [2840], 'Scholar7': [2843], 'GAO.': [2844, 2927], 'Gas:': [2847], 'Resources,': [2851], 'Development,': [2852, 3514, 4193], 'Public': [2856, 2936, 4142], 'Risks.': [2858], 'GAO-12-732.': [2859], 'Government': [2862, 2942, 3093], 'Accountability': [2863, 2943], 'Office': [2864, 2944, 3095], '(5': [2865], 'September': [2866], 'http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-732': [2869], 'Scholar8': [2875], 'IAEA.': [2876], 'Industry,': [2890], 'Reports': [2892], 'Series': [2893], '34.': [2895], 'Vienna,': [2896], 'Austria:International': [2897], '(November': [2901], '2003).': [2902], 'http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1171_web.pdf': [2904], 'Scholar9': [2910], 'Crabtree': [2911], 'M,': [2912, 3833, 3920, 3928, 4058, 4272, 4320, 4370, 4404], 'Fighting': [2915], 'scale:': [2916], 'removal': [2917, 3636], 'prevention.': [2919], 'Oilfield': [2920, 3342], 'Rev': [2921], '11(3):30–45': [2922], '(1999);': [2923], 'http://goo.gl/AAyqxE.': [2924], 'Scholar10': [2926], 'Unconventional': [2928, 3676, 4218, 4435], 'Development:': [2932], 'Key': [2933], 'Requirements.': [2938, 3090], 'GAO-12-874.': [2939], '(September': [2945, 3067, 3254, 3419], 'http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/647782.pdf': [2948], 'Scholar11': [2954], 'Legere': [2955], 'L.': [2956], 'Hazards': [2957, 3436], 'underground.': [2965], 'Scranton': [2966], 'Times-Tribune,': [2967], 'section,': [2969], 'online': [2970], 'edition': [2971], '(21': [2972], 'June': [2973, 4490], '2010).': [2974], 'http://goo.gl/L0k9OP': [2976], 'Scholar12': [2982], 'Warner': [2983, 3168, 3748], 'NRet': [2984, 3169], 'al.Impacts': [2985], 'western': [2995], 'Pennsylvania.Environ': [2996], 'Sci': [2997, 3187, 3646], 'Technol': [2998, 3647], '47(20):11849-118572013.;': [2999], 'doi:10.1021/es402165b24087919.': [3000], 'Scholar13': [3004], 'Drinking': [3006, 3015, 3502], 'Contaminants:': [3008], 'Basic': [3009], 'Disinfection': [3012], 'Byproducts': [3013], 'Water:': [3016], 'Total': [3017, 4040], 'Trihalomethanes,': [3018], 'Haloacetic': [3019], 'Acids,': [3020], 'Bromate,': [3021], 'Chlorite': [3023], 'Water,': [3028, 4476], '13': [3034], 'http://goo.gl/hnYJbj': [3038], 'Scholar14': [3044], 'Clark': [3045], 'CE,': [3046], 'Veil': [3047], 'JA.': [3048], 'Volumes': [3051], 'Practices': [3054], 'United': [3057, 3236], 'States.': [3058, 3237], 'ANL/EVS/R-09/1.': [3059], 'Argonne,': [3060, 3207], 'IL:Environmental': [3061], 'Science': [3062, 3238, 3736, 3776, 3818, 3996, 4037, 4253, 4299], 'Division,': [3063], 'Argonne': [3064], '2009).': [3068], 'Scholar15': [3070], 'Agency.': [3074], 'Underground': [3075], 'Injection': [3076], 'Control': [3077], 'Program:': [3078], 'Criteria': [3079], 'Standards.': [3081], '40CFR': [3082], 'Part': [3083, 4256, 4302], '146,': [3084], 'Subpart': [3085], 'C,': [3086, 3320, 3932, 4372, 4416], 'Section': [3087], '146.22:': [3088], 'Construction': [3089], 'Printing': [3094], '(1': [3096], 'July': [3097], 'http://goo.gl/1U7fjX': [3100], 'Scholar16': [3106], 'Flewelling': [3107], 'SA,': [3108], 'Sharma': [3109], 'MConstraints': [3110], 'upward': [3112], 'brine.Ground': [3119], '52(1):9-192013.;': [3121], 'doi:10.1111/gwat.1209523895673.': [3122], 'Scholar17': [3126], 'Jackson': [3127], 'RE,': [3128], 'Ground': [3131, 3144], 'protection': [3132], 'extraction:': [3136], 'critical': [3138], 'field-based': [3141], 'hydrogeological': [3142], 'research.': [3143], '51(4):488–510': [3146], '(2013);': [3147], 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23745972.': [3148], 'Scholar18': [3150], 'Myers': [3151], 'TPotential': [3152], 'contaminant': [3153], 'hydraulically': [3156], 'fractured': [3157], 'aquifers.Ground': [3160], '50(6):872-8822012.;': [3162], 'doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.00933.x22509908.': [3163], 'Scholar19': [3167], 'possible': [3173], 'Formation': [3178, 4192], 'shallow': [3181], 'Pennsylvania.Proc': [3184], 'Natl': [3185], 'Acad': [3186], 'USA': [3188], '109(30):11961-119662012.;': [3189], 'doi:10.1073/pnas.112118110922778445.': [3190], 'Scholar20': [3194], 'Drilling': [3195, 3204, 3993, 4219], 'System.': [3199], 'Fact': [3200], 'Sheet—Beneficial': [3201], 'Reuse': [3202], 'IL:Argonne': [3208], '(undated).': [3211, 3286, 3310], 'http://web.ead.anl.gov/dwm/techdesc/reuse/': [3213], 'Scholar21': [3219], 'Guerra': [3220], 'K,': [3221, 3924, 3926, 4412, 4414], 'Beneficial': [3231], 'Use': [3232, 3269], 'Western': [3235], 'Technology': [3240, 3998], 'Program': [3241], '157.': [3244], 'Denver,': [3245], 'CO:Bureau': [3246], 'Reclamation,': [3248], '2011).': [3255], 'http://www.usbr.gov/research/AWT/reportpdfs/report157.pdf': [3257], 'Scholar22': [3263], 'Poole': [3264], 'H.': [3265], 'Policies': [3267], 'Hydraulic': [3271, 3499, 4223], 'Fracturing': [3272, 3500], 'Road': [3276], 'Deicer.': [3277], 'Hartford,': [3278], 'CT:Office': [3279], 'Legislative': [3281], 'Research,': [3282], 'Connecticut': [3283], 'General': [3284, 3298], 'Assembly': [3285], 'http://www.cga.ct.gov/2013/rpt/2013-R-0469.htm': [3288], 'Scholar23': [3294], 'PADEP.': [3295, 3468], 'Special': [3296], 'Conditions': [3297], 'Permit': [3299], 'WMGR064.': [3300], 'Harrisburg,': [3301, 3476], 'PA:Pennsylvania': [3302, 3477], 'Commonwealth': [3307, 3482], 'http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=18&objID=505511&mode=2': [3312], 'Scholar24': [3318], 'Evaluations': [3323], 'Radionuclides': [3325], 'Uranium,': [3327], 'Thorium,': [3328], 'Associated': [3331, 3437, 4216], 'Fluids,': [3334], 'Precipitates,': [3335], 'Sludges': [3337], 'Oil,': [3339], 'Gas,': [3340], 'Injections': [3344], 'Wells': [3345], 'Mississippi,': [3347], 'Final': [3348], 'Report.': [3349, 3506], 'University,': [3350], 'MS:Mississippi': [3351], 'Institute/Department': [3354], 'Pharmacology/Department': [3356], 'Geology': [3358], 'Engineering,': [3361], '(March': [3365], '2004).': [3366], 'http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/mmri/programs/norm_final.pdf': [3368], 'Scholar25': [3374], 'Walter': [3375], 'GRet': [3376], 'al.Effect': [3377], 'biogas': [3379], 'generation': [3380], 'emissions': [3383], 'radium-bearing': [3387], 'development.J': [3392], 'Air': [3393, 4381], 'Manag': [3395], 'Assoc': [3396], '62(9):1040-10492012.;': [3397], 'doi:10.1080/10962247.2012.69608423019818.': [3398], 'Scholar26': [3402], 'STRONGER.': [3403], 'Follow-up': [3405], 'Review.': [3407], 'Middletown,': [3408], 'PA:State': [3409], 'Regulations,': [3417], 'Inc.': [3418], 'http://goo.gl/DQhOlA': [3422], 'Scholar27': [3428], 'OSHA.': [3429], 'Hazard': [3431, 4427], 'Bulletin:': [3433], 'Potential': [3434, 3496, 3809], 'Handling': [3439], 'Pipe': [3440], 'Used': [3441], 'Production.': [3446], 'DC:Occupational': [3448], '&': [3450, 3470, 3737, 3777, 3819, 3997, 4085], 'Labor': [3456], '(26': [3457], '1989).': [3459], 'https://www.osha.gov/dts/hib/hib_data/hib19890126.html': [3461], 'Scholar28': [3467], 'Development': [3472, 4438], 'Study': [3474], '(2014).': [3485], 'http://goo.gl/P22FQM': [3487], 'Scholar29': [3493], 'Impacts': [3497, 4433], 'Resources:': [3504], 'Progress': [3505], '601/R-12/011.': [3508], '(December': [3519], 'http://goo.gl/4YfBka': [3522], 'Scholar30': [3528], 'NRC.': [3529], 'effects': [3531], 'progeny': [3534], 'non-lung-cancer': [3536], 'outcomes.': [3537], 'In:': [3538], 'Effects': [3540], 'Exposure': [3542, 3553, 3668], 'Radon,': [3544], 'BEIR': [3545], 'VI.': [3546], 'DC:Committee': [3548], 'Risks': [3551], '(BEIR': [3556], 'VI),': [3557], 'Council,': [3560], 'Academies': [3562], 'Press': [3563], '(1999).': [3564], 'http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5499&page=118': [3566], 'Scholar31': [3572], 'Radionuclides:': [3574], '6': [3589], 'http://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclides/radium.html#affecthealth': [3593], 'Scholar32': [3599], 'Drilling.': [3607], '402-F-06-038.': [3609], '(April': [3621], '2006).': [3622], 'http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb01/docs/drilling-waste.pdf': [3624], 'Scholar33': [3630], 'Kondash': [3631], 'AJet': [3632], 'al.Radium': [3633], 'barium': [3635], 'blending': [3638], 'drainage.Environ': [3645], '48(2):1334-13422014.;': [3648], 'doi:10.1021/es403852h24367969.': [3649], 'ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [3653], 'Ann': [3655], 'Glass': [3656], 'Geltman': [3657], 'E': [3658, 4013, 4124, 4156, 4207], 'LeClair': [3660], 'N': [3661, 3749], '(2018)': [3662, 3712, 3753], 'Variance': [3663], 'Generated': [3674], 'During': [3675], 'Operations:': [3680], 'Where': [3681, 3685], 'We': [3682, 3686], 'Are': [3683], 'Need': [3687], 'Go,': [3689], 'NEW': [3690], 'SOLUTIONS:': [3691], 'Journal': [3693, 3887, 4140, 4175, 4250, 4296], 'Policy,': [3699], '10.1177/1048291118755387,': [3700], '28:2,': [3701], '(240-261),': [3702], 'Online': [3703, 3742, 3782, 3824, 3866, 3913, 3966, 4003, 4045, 4117, 4147, 4182, 4196, 4229, 4261, 4307, 4361, 4399], 'publication': [3704, 3743, 3783, 3825, 3867, 3914, 3967, 4004, 4046, 4118, 4148, 4183, 4197, 4230, 4262, 4308, 4362, 4400], 'date:': [3705, 3744, 3784, 3826, 3868, 3915, 3968, 4005, 4047, 4119, 4149, 4184, 4198, 4231, 4263, 4309, 4363, 4401], '1-Aug-2018.': [3706], 'Cotton': [3707], 'M': [3708, 4063, 4159, 4210, 4331], 'Charnley-Parry': [3710], 'Beyond': [3713], 'opposition': [3714], 'acceptance:': [3716], 'Examining': [3717], 'perceptions': [3719], 'extraction,': [3731, 4295], 'Current': [3732, 4239], 'Opinion': [3733], 'Health,': [3738, 4143, 4255, 4301, 4396], '10.1016/j.coesh.2018.01.001,': [3739], '3,': [3740], '(8-13),': [3741], '1-Jun-2018.': [3745], 'Lauer': [3746], 'N,': [3747], 'Sources': [3754], 'Accumulation': [3757], 'Stream': [3759], 'Sediments': [3760], 'near': [3761, 4168, 4291, 4386], 'Disposal': [3762, 3768, 4130], 'Sites': [3763], 'Pennsylvania:': [3765], 'Implications': [3766, 3813], 'Wastewater,': [3774], 'Technology,': [3778, 3820], '10.1021/acs.est.7b04952,': [3779], '52:3,': [3780], '(955-962),': [3781], '6-Feb-2018.': [3785], 'Butkovskyi': [3786], 'A,': [3787, 3831, 3934, 3938, 4050, 4052, 4056, 4152, 4154, 4201, 4203, 4257, 4303, 4312, 4316], 'Bruning': [3788], 'H,': [3789], 'Kools': [3790], 'S,': [3791, 4266, 4410], 'Rijnaarts': [3792], 'H': [3793], 'Van': [3795], 'Wezel': [3796], '(2017)': [3798, 3839, 3875, 3900, 3944, 4461], 'Organic': [3799, 3945], 'Pollutants': [3800], 'Waters:': [3807], 'Identification,': [3808], 'Ecological': [3810], 'Impact,': [3811], 'Strategies,': [3816], '10.1021/acs.est.6b05640,': [3821], '51:9,': [3822], '(4740-4754),': [3823], '2-May-2017.': [3827], 'Eitrheim': [3828, 3970, 4053, 4155, 4206, 4313], 'E,': [3829, 3971, 4054, 4061, 4314], 'Knight': [3830, 4055, 4153, 4202, 4315], 'Schultz': [3832, 4062, 4158, 4209, 4330], 'Forbes': [3834, 3974, 4065, 4327], 'T': [3835, 3940, 3975, 4066, 4328], 'Nelson': [3837, 3977, 4049, 4151, 4200, 4311], 'Recent': [3840], 'Advancements': [3841], 'Radiochemistry': [3844], 'Elements': [3846, 3854], 'Pertaining': [3847], 'Select': [3849], 'Materials': [3851, 3985, 4214, 4343], 'Old': [3855], 'New:': [3857], 'Discoveries,': [3858], 'Developments,': [3859], 'Challenges,': [3860], 'Implications,': [3863], '10.1021/bk-2017-1263.ch009,': [3864], '(173-194),': [3865], '1-Jan-2017.': [3869], 'Busby': [3870], 'C': [3871], 'Mangano': [3873], 'J': [3874, 4091, 4237, 4279], "There's": [3876], 'World': [3878], 'Going': [3879], 'Underground—Infant': [3881], 'Mortality': [3882], '10.4236/jep.2017.84028,': [3891], '08:04,': [3892], '(381-393),': [3893], '.': [3894], 'Short': [3895], 'D': [3896, 4127, 4234, 4276, 4376, 4379], 'Szolucha': [3898], 'Lancashire:': [3902], 'planning': [3904], 'process,': [3905], 'social': [3906], 'harm': [3907], 'collective': [3909], 'trauma,': [3910], 'Geoforum,': [3911], '10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.03.001,': [3912], '1-Mar-2017.': [3916], 'Orem': [3917], 'W,': [3918, 4326], 'Varonka': [3919], 'L,': [3922, 4008], 'Haase': [3923], 'Loftin': [3925], 'Hladik': [3927], 'Akob': [3929], 'D,': [3930, 3973, 4205, 4318, 4374, 4406, 4420], 'Tatu': [3931], 'Mumford': [3933], 'Jaeschke': [3935], 'J,': [3936, 4122, 4274, 4418], 'Bates': [3937], 'Schell': [3939], 'Cozzarelli': [3942], 'geochemistry': [3946], 'toxicology': [3948], 'impacted': [3952], 'operations,': [3960], 'Applied': [3961], 'Geochemistry,': [3962], '10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.02.016,': [3963], '80,': [3964], '(155-167),': [3965], '1-May-2017.': [3969], 'May': [3972, 4204, 4317], '(2016)': [3979, 4014, 4067, 4095, 4128, 4426], 'Disequilibrium': [3980], 'Occurring': [3983, 4341], 'Drill': [3988], 'Cuttings': [3989], 'Horizontal': [3992], 'Operation,': [3994], 'Letters,': [3999], '10.1021/acs.estlett.6b00439,': [4000], '3:12,': [4001], '(425-429),': [4002], '13-Dec-2016.': [4006], 'Torres': [4007], 'Yadav': [4009], 'O': [4010], 'Khan': [4012], 'assessment': [4019], 'techniques': [4020], 'management': [4028], 'implemented': [4029], 'onshore': [4031], 'production,': [4036], 'Environment,': [4041], '10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.030,': [4042], '539,': [4043], '(478-493),': [4044], '1-Jan-2016.': [4048], 'Johns': [4051], 'Basile': [4057], 'Bettis': [4059], 'III': [4060], 'Partitioning': [4068], 'naturally-occurring': [4070], 'influenced': [4078], 'matrix,': [4081], 'Science:': [4083], 'Processes': [4084], 'Impacts,': [4086], '10.1039/C5EM00540J,': [4087], '18:4,': [4088], '(456-463)': [4089], 'Estrada': [4090], 'Bhamidimarri': [4093], 'R': [4094], 'options': [4103], 'fracturing,': [4112], 'Fuel,': [4113], '10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.051,': [4114], '182,': [4115], '(292-303),': [4116], '1-Oct-2016.': [4120], 'Johnston': [4121], 'Werder': [4123], 'Sebastian': [4126], 'Wastewater': [4129, 4189], 'Wells,': [4131], 'Fracking,': [4132], 'Injustice': [4135], 'Southern': [4137], 'Texas,': [4138], 'American': [4139], '10.2105/AJPH.2015.303000,': [4144], '106:3,': [4145], '(550-556),': [4146], '1-Mar-2016.': [4150], '(2015)': [4160, 4186, 4211, 4238, 4280, 4332], 'Monitoring': [4161], 'subsurface': [4164], 'operations:': [4171], 'pilot': [4173], 'study,': [4174, 4394], 'Radioactivity,': [4178], '10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.004,': [4179], '142,': [4180], '(24-28),': [4181], '1-Apr-2015.': [4185], 'Front': [4187], 'Matter': [4188], '10.1201/b18648-1,': [4194], '(i-xxiii),': [4195], '16-Jul-2015.': [4199], 'Naturally-Occurring': [4212], 'Fracturing:': [4224], 'Issues,': [4226], '10.1021/bk-2015-1216.ch004,': [4227], '(89-128),': [4228], '1-Jan-2015.': [4232], 'Lampe': [4233], 'Stolz': [4236, 4278], 'perspectives': [4240], 'Basin,': [4249], '10.1080/10934529.2015.992653,': [4258], '50:5,': [4259, 4305], '(434-446),': [4260], '16-Apr-2015.': [4264, 4310], 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