Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2037998103', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/275018', 'title': 'Synopsis of the Families of Vertebrata', 'display_name': 'Synopsis of the Families of Vertebrata', 'publication_year': 1889, 'publication_date': '1889-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2037998103', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/275018', 'mag': '2037998103'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/275018', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S122176235', 'display_name': 'The American Naturalist', 'issn_l': '0003-0147', 'issn': ['0003-0147', '1537-5323'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004733948', 'display_name': 'E. D. Cope', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'E. D. Cope', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5004733948'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.94, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 100, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.98934, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '23', 'issue': '274', 'first_page': '849', 'last_page': '877'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11354', 'display_name': 'Evolution and Paleontology Studies', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1911', 'display_name': 'Paleontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11354', 'display_name': 'Evolution and Paleontology Studies', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1911', 'display_name': 'Paleontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11228', 'display_name': 'Bat Biology and Ecology Studies', 'score': 0.9844, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12417', 'display_name': 'Morphological variations and asymmetry', 'score': 0.9462, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2608', 'display_name': 'Geometry and Topology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/devonian', 'display_name': 'Devonian', 'score': 0.56749237}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107832698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65955', 'display_name': 'Devonian', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56749237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37216866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52119013', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637', 'display_name': 'Art history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3710385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90856448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431', 'display_name': 'Zoology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36342844}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34555006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74916050', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090', 'display_name': 'Classics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34470904}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53553401', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307', 'display_name': 'Genealogy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3307158}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27286088}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/275018', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S122176235', 'display_name': 'The American Naturalist', 'issn_l': '0003-0147', 'issn': ['0003-0147', '1537-5323'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4233469478', 'https://openalex.org/W3183527828', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2598738258', 'https://openalex.org/W2361562351', 'https://openalex.org/W2338025791', 'https://openalex.org/W2061582616', 'https://openalex.org/W1997088186', 'https://openalex.org/W1981834150', 'https://openalex.org/W1968991785'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Next': [0], 'article': [1], 'FreeSynopsis': [2], 'of': [3, 6, 35, 79, 88, 112, 128, 131, 134, 151, 160, 166, 170, 180, 187, 227, 253, 278, 288, 296, 299, 302, 305, 341, 393, 409, 460, 479, 488, 496, 526, 532, 550, 565, 583, 594, 621, 625, 628, 631, 656, 662, 675, 707, 711, 742, 769, 797, 822, 834, 868, 960, 965, 981, 990, 993, 1004, 1007, 1021, 1032, 1041, 1048, 1073, 1099, 1109, 1113, 1131, 1156, 1167, 1180, 1182, 1379, 1383, 1401, 1419, 1437, 1464, 1502, 1507, 1519, 1525, 1541, 1546, 1563, 1569, 1573, 1595, 1599, 1603, 1645, 1654, 1660, 1664, 1686, 1692, 1695, 1698, 1702], 'the': [4, 55, 85, 119, 129, 156, 183, 215, 249, 260, 283, 300, 326, 333, 398, 453, 523, 556, 580, 618, 626, 644, 663, 673, 705, 739, 765, 794, 813, 835, 917, 961, 987, 1005, 1008, 1038, 1068, 1074, 1100, 1107, 1110, 1129, 1168, 1183, 1212, 1246, 1280, 1331, 1368, 1380, 1399, 1420, 1456, 1503, 1508, 1520, 1526, 1542, 1547, 1570, 1600, 1643, 1646, 1652, 1655, 1661, 1683, 1689, 1693, 1699], 'Families': [5], 'VertebrataE.': [7], 'D.': [8, 10, 650], 'CopeE.': [9], 'CopePDFPDF': [11], 'PLUS': [12], 'Add': [13], 'to': [14], 'favoritesDownload': [15], 'CitationTrack': [16], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [17], 'Share': [18], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail': [19], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [20], 'by': [21, 1682], 'The': [22, 32, 208, 592, 654, 1427, 1500, 1539], 'American': [23, 33, 229, 411, 498], 'Naturalist': [24], 'Volume': [25], '23,': [26], 'Number': [27], '274Oct.,': [28], '1889': [29], 'Published': [30], 'for': [31, 862], 'Society': [34, 665, 1170, 1382, 1510, 1528, 1549, 1572, 1602, 1663, 1701], 'Naturalists': [36], 'Article': [37], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/275018': [38], 'Views:': [39], '596Total': [40], 'views': [41], 'on': [42, 248, 325, 684, 812, 1651, 1678], 'this': [43, 59], 'site': [44], 'Citations:': [45], '63Citations': [46], 'are': [47], 'reported': [48], 'from': [49, 84, 118, 155, 214, 259, 282, 332, 397, 452, 483, 522, 555, 617, 702, 738, 764, 793, 856, 916, 986, 1017, 1037, 1067, 1128, 1211, 1245, 1279, 1330, 1367, 1449], 'Crossref': [50, 53], 'PDF': [51], 'download': [52], 'reports': [54], 'following': [56], 'articles': [57], 'citing': [58], 'article:Ángel': [60], 'R.': [61, 196, 239, 313, 975], 'Miño-Boilini,': [62, 197, 240], 'Diego': [63, 241, 470], 'Brandoni,': [64, 242, 382, 471], 'Claudia': [65], 'I.': [66, 193, 468, 784], 'Montalvo,': [67, 194], 'Rodrigo': [68], 'L.': [69, 314, 435, 721, 1308], 'Tomassini,': [70], 'Daniel': [71, 698, 808], 'Barasoain,': [72], 'Alfredo': [73], 'E.': [74, 1498], 'Zurita': [75], 'New': [76, 104, 246, 323, 334, 443, 477, 546, 745, 810, 1063, 1124], 'cranio-dental': [77], 'remains': [78, 478], 'Nothrotheriinae': [80, 480], '(Mammalia,': [81, 481, 680], 'Xenarthra,': [82], 'Folivora)': [83, 258], 'Late': [86, 446, 484, 619, 925, 1009], 'Miocene': [87], 'Central': [89, 1132], 'Argentina,': [90, 264, 407], 'Historical': [91, 265, 771], 'Biology': [92, 266, 772], '1': [93], '(Jul': [94, 465, 906, 1481, 1577, 1636, 1706], '2022):': [95, 139], '1–9.https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2098021Edward': [96], 'B.': [97, 146, 274, 321, 508, 541, 609], 'Daeschler,': [98, 542], 'Jason': [99, 543], 'P.': [100, 141, 271, 316, 505, 544, 1055, 1411], 'Downs,': [101, 142, 272], 'Chelsea': [102], 'Matzko': [103], 'material': [105], 'supports': [106], 'a': [107, 164, 292, 530, 590, 708, 912], 'description': [108, 547, 706], 'and': [109, 163, 182, 185, 224, 251, 291, 449, 529, 548, 688, 704, 851, 858, 865, 874, 957, 978, 1088, 1102, 1153, 1158, 1186, 1193, 1315, 1398, 1423], 'taxonomic': [110], 'revision': [111], 'Holoptychius': [113], '?': [114], 'radiatus': [115], '(Sarcopterygii,': [116, 153, 520, 553, 1015], 'Tristichopteridae)': [117, 154, 521, 554], 'Upper': [120, 157, 284, 524, 557, 740], 'Devonian': [121, 158, 285, 328, 447, 525, 558, 620, 741, 768, 1010, 1040, 1130, 1208, 1242], 'Catskill': [122, 286, 559], 'Formation': [123, 218, 287, 400, 455, 560], 'in': [124, 561, 1140, 1226, 1295, 1478, 1657, 1688], 'Pennsylvania,': [125, 161, 289, 562], 'USA,': [126], 'Proceedings': [127, 298, 624], 'Academy': [130, 301, 627], 'Natural': [132, 303, 629], 'Sciences': [133, 231, 304, 343, 413, 500, 630, 1386, 1608], 'Philadelphia': [135, 306, 632], '167,': [136, 307], 'no.11': [137, 308, 537, 634, 691, 826, 969, 1145, 1172, 1231, 1257, 1270, 1300, 1343, 1354, 1388], '(May': [138, 570, 930, 1468, 1513, 1590], '11.https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0102Jason': [140], 'Jeremy': [143], 'Barbosa,': [144], 'Edward': [145, 273, 507, 608], 'Daeschler': [147, 275, 610], 'A': [148, 356, 365, 732, 760, 888, 1002, 1206, 1240, 1362, 1489, 1593, 1621], 'new': [149, 293, 709, 913, 1363], 'species': [150, 277, 710], 'Eusthenodon': [152, 167], '(Famennian)': [159], 'U.S.A.,': [162, 290, 563], 'review': [165], 'taxonomy,': [168, 225], 'Journal': [169, 226, 340, 408, 459, 495, 564, 661, 821, 867, 964, 992, 1020, 1047, 1112, 1166, 1436, 1463, 1506, 1524, 1545], 'Vertebrate': [171, 461, 566, 823, 994, 1022, 1438], 'Paleontology': [172, 462, 567, 824, 995, 1023, 1439, 1465, 1479], '41,': [173], 'no.33': [174, 464, 569, 752, 1025, 1051, 1441, 1635, 1670, 1705], '(Nov': [175, 268, 879, 1117, 1232, 1301, 1389], '2021).https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.1976197Shigeru': [176], 'Kuratani': [177, 1096], 'Evo-devo': [178], 'studies': [179, 1098], 'cyclostomes': [181], 'origin': [184], 'evolution': [186], 'jawed': [188, 658], 'vertebrates,': [189, 659], '(Jan': [190, 380, 502, 647, 827, 1093, 1146, 1322, 1404, 1531, 1552], '2021):': [191], '207–239.https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.11.011Claudia': [192], 'Ángel': [195], 'Renata': [198], 'Sostillo,': [199], 'Esperanza': [200], 'Cerdeño,': [201], 'M.': [202, 244, 384, 511, 1204, 1238, 1264, 1415], 'Cristina': [203], 'Cardonatto,': [204], 'Ricardo': [205, 350], 'A.': [206, 236, 438, 1348, 1537], 'Bonini': [207], 'Scelidotheriinae': [209], 'Proscelidodon': [210], 'gracillimus': [211], '(Xenarthra:': [212], 'Mylodontidae)': [213, 396], 'Cerro': [216], 'Azul': [217], '(late': [219], 'Miocene),': [220, 403], 'Argentina:': [221], 'Ontogenetic': [222], 'variability': [223], 'South': [228, 335, 410, 497, 746, 1075, 1218, 1252, 1694], 'Earth': [230, 342, 412, 499, 1385], '104': [232], '(Dec': [233, 415, 635, 845, 998, 1173, 1198], '2020):': [234, 269], '102754.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102754Ricardo': [235], 'Bonini,': [237], 'Ángel,': [238], 'Sergio,': [243], 'Georgieff': [245], 'data': [247, 860], 'diversity': [250], 'chronology': [252], 'late': [254], 'Neogene': [255], 'sloths': [256], '(Xenarthra,': [257, 395], 'Villavil-Quillay': [261], 'Basin,': [262], 'Catamarca,': [263], '1916': [267], '1–12.https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1826470Jason': [270], 'Second': [276], 'Langlieria': [279], '(Tristichopteridae,': [280], 'Sarcopterygii)': [281, 1366], 'phylogenetic': [294, 979, 1154], 'consideration': [295], 'Tristichopteridae,': [297], '(Mar': [309, 599, 668, 692, 753, 802, 950, 970], '2020).https://doi.org/10.1635/053.167.0115G.': [310], 'C.': [311, 426, 727, 1029, 1120, 1176, 1201, 1235, 1261, 1304], 'Young,': [312, 719, 728, 1121, 1202, 1236, 1262], 'Dunstone,': [315, 722], 'J.': [317, 319, 606, 724, 730, 778, 848, 1149, 1177, 1263, 1305, 1311, 1407, 1413, 1534], 'Ollerenshaw,': [318], 'Lu,': [320], 'Crook': [322], 'information': [324, 811], 'giant': [327], 'lobe-finned': [329, 1035], 'fish': [330, 763, 816, 1209, 1243], 'Edenopteron': [331], 'Wales': [336], 'south': [337], 'coast,': [338], 'Australian': [339, 1647], '67,': [344], 'no.22': [345, 801, 1080, 1321, 1551, 1589], '(Sep': [346, 1026, 1052, 1442, 1495], '2019):': [347, 416, 466, 503], '221–242.https://doi.org/10.1080/08120099.2019.1651769Brenen': [348], 'Wynd,': [349], 'Martínez,': [351], 'Carina': [352], 'Colombi,': [353], 'Oscar': [354], 'Alcober': [355], 'REVIEW': [357, 1622], 'OF': [358, 901, 1583, 1618, 1623, 1628], 'VERTEBRATE': [359], 'BEAK': [360, 371], 'MORPHOLOGIES': [361], 'IN': [362], 'THE': [363, 373, 894, 1581, 1584, 1616, 1624, 1629], 'TRIASSIC;': [364], 'FRAMEWORK': [366], 'TO': [367], 'CHARACTERIZE': [368], 'AN': [369], 'ENIGMATIC': [370], 'FROM': [372, 893], 'ISCHIGUALASTO': [374], 'FORMATION,': [375], 'SAN': [376], 'JUAN,': [377], 'ARGENTINA,': [378], 'Ameghiniana': [379], '2020).https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.13.05.2020.3313Diego': [381], 'Nelson': [383], 'Novo,': [385], 'Juliana': [386], 'Tarquini,': [387], 'Marcelo': [388], 'F.': [389], 'Tejedor': [390], 'First': [391], 'record': [392], 'Nematherium': [394], 'Pinturas': [399], '(Burdigalian,': [401], 'early': [402], 'Santa': [404], 'Cruz': [405], 'Province,': [406, 493], '96': [414], '102324.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.102324Sébastien': [417], 'Olive,': [418], 'Alan': [419], 'Pradel,': [420], 'Carlos': [421, 1061], 'Martinez-Pérez,': [422], 'Philippe': [423, 432], 'Janvier,': [424], 'James': [425], 'Lamsdell,': [427], 'Pierre': [428], 'Gueriau,': [429], 'Nicolas': [430], 'Rabet,': [431], 'Duranleau-Gagnon,': [433], 'Andrés': [434], 'Cárdenas-Rozo,': [436], 'Paula': [437], 'Zapata': [439], 'Ramírez,': [440], 'Héctor': [441], 'Botella': [442], 'insights': [444], 'into': [445], 'vertebrates': [448, 1448], 'associated': [450], 'fauna': [451, 1210, 1244, 1454], 'Cuche': [454], '(Floresta': [456], 'Massif,': [457], 'Colombia),': [458], '39,': [463, 1704], 'e1620247.https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1620247Raúl': [467], 'Vezzosi,': [469], 'Ernesto': [472], 'Brunetto,': [473], 'María': [474], 'Cecilia': [475], 'Zalazar': [476], 'Xenarthra)': [482], 'Pleistocene': [485, 700], 'fluvial': [486], 'deposits': [487], 'Northern': [489], 'Pampa': [490], '(Santa': [491], 'Fe': [492], 'Argentina),': [494], '89': [501], '47–54.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2018.11.004Jason': [504], 'Downs,,': [506], 'Daeschler,,': [509], 'Alison': [510], 'Long,': [512, 807], 'Neil': [513], 'H.': [514, 1674], 'Shubin': [515], 'Eusthenopteron': [516, 533], 'jenkinsi': [517], 'sp.': [518], 'nov.': [519], 'Nunavut,': [527], 'Canada,': [528], 'Review': [531], 'Taxonomy,': [534], 'Breviora': [535], '562,': [536], '(Jun': [538, 1058, 1081], '2018):': [539, 571], '1–24.https://doi.org/10.3099/MCZ44.1Edward': [540], 'Downs': [545], 'diagnosis': [549], 'Hyneria': [551], 'lindae': [552], '38,': [568, 1588], 'e1448834.https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1448834R.': [572], 'Alexander': [573, 1275, 1326], 'Pyron': [574], 'Comment': [575], '(Case': [576], '3688)': [577], '—': [578], 'On': [579, 672, 1642], 'proposed': [581], 'suppression': [582], 'charinidae': [584], 'Gray,': [585], '1849': [586], '(Reptilia,': [587], 'Squamata,': [588], 'Serpentes):': [589], 'counter-application,': [591], 'Bulletin': [593], 'Zoological': [595, 660, 1165, 1505], 'Nomenclature': [596], '73,': [597], 'no.2-42-4': [598], '2017):': [600, 636, 1482], '124–126.https://doi.org/10.21805/bzn.v73i2.a11Daniel': [601], 'Snyder,': [602], 'Susan': [603], 'Turner,': [604], 'Carole': [605], 'Burrow,': [607], '"': [611, 613], 'Gyracanthus': [612], 'sherwoodi': [614], '(Gnathostomata,': [615], 'Gyracanthidae)': [616], 'North': [622], 'America,': [623, 1219, 1253], '165,': [633], '195–219.https://doi.org/10.1635/053.165.0111': [637], 'References,': [638], '(Oct': [639, 1611], '2016):': [640, 648, 1469], '482–490.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119286448.refsD.A.': [641], 'McLennan': [642], 'Vertebrates,': [643], 'Origin': [645], 'of,': [646], '333–343.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800049-6.00275-4Martin': [649], 'Brazeau,': [651], 'Matt': [652], 'Friedman': [653], 'characters': [655], 'Palaeozoic': [657], 'Linnean': [664, 1169, 1509, 1527, 1548, 1662], '170,': [666], 'no.44': [667, 774, 844, 905, 997, 1197, 1494, 1530], '2014):': [669, 693], '779–821.https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12111Manja': [670], 'Voss': [671], 'invalidity': [674], 'Halitherium': [676], 'schinzii': [677], 'Kaup,': [678], '1838': [679], 'Sirenia),': [681], 'with': [682, 1649], 'comments': [683], 'systematic': [685], 'consequences,': [686], 'Zoosystematics': [687], 'Evolution': [689, 876, 1179, 1644], '90,': [690], '87–93.https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.7421Daniel': [694], 'Costa': [695], 'Fortier,': [696], 'Ascanio': [697], 'Rincón': [699], 'crocodylians': [701], 'Venezuela,': [703, 1217, 1251], 'Caiman,': [712], 'Quaternary': [713], 'International': [714], '305': [715], '(Aug': [716, 775], '2013):': [717, 754], '141–148.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.03.018Ben': [718], 'Robert': [720, 974], 'Timothy': [723], 'Senden,': [725], 'Gavin': [726], 'Richard': [729], 'Butler': [731], 'Gigantic': [733], 'Sarcopterygian': [734], '(Tetrapodomorph': [735], 'Lobe-Finned': [736], 'Fish)': [737], 'Gondwana': [743], '(Eden,': [744], 'Wales,': [747], 'Australia),': [748], 'PLoS': [749], 'ONE': [750], '8,': [751, 948, 1144], 'e53871.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053871Hans-Peter': [755], 'Schultze,': [756], 'John': [757, 806, 1203, 1237], 'W.': [758], 'Reed': [759], 'tristichopterid': [761, 914, 1364], 'sarcopterygian': [762], 'upper': [766], 'Middle': [767, 795], 'Nevada,': [770], '24,': [773], '2012):': [776, 803, 1578, 1707], '425–440.https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2012.673599IVAN': [777], 'SANSOM,': [779], 'NEIL': [780], 'S.': [781, 787, 953], 'DAVIES,': [782], 'MICHAEL': [783], 'COATES,': [785], 'ROBERT': [786], 'NICOLL,': [788], 'ALEX': [789], 'RITCHIE': [790], 'Chondrichthyan-like': [791], 'scales': [792], 'Ordovician': [796], 'Australia,': [798, 1133, 1288, 1339, 1377], 'Palaeontology': [799, 903, 967, 1049], '55,': [800], '243–247.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01127.xTimothy': [804], 'Holland,': [805], 'Snitting': [809, 909, 1001], 'enigmatic': [814], 'tetrapodomorph': [815], 'Marsdenichthys': [817], 'longioccipitus': [818], '(Long,': [819], '1985),': [820], '30,': [825], '2010):': [828], '68–77.https://doi.org/10.1080/02724630903409105Laura': [829], 'K.': [830], 'Säilä': [831], 'Alpha': [832], 'Taxonomy': [833], 'Russian': [836], 'Permian': [837], 'Procolophonoid': [838], 'Reptiles,': [839], 'Acta': [840, 927], 'Palaeontologica': [841], 'Polonica': [842], '54,': [843], '2009):': [846, 880, 907, 931, 951, 971, 1672], '599–608.https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2009.0017Thomas': [847], 'Near': [849], 'Conflict': [850], 'resolution': [852], 'between': [853], 'phylogenies': [854], 'inferred': [855], 'molecular': [857], 'phenotypic': [859], 'sets': [861], 'hagfish,': [863], 'lampreys,': [864], 'gnathostomes,': [866], 'Experimental': [869], 'Zoology': [870, 1668], 'Part': [871], 'B:': [872], 'Molecular': [873], 'Developmental': [875, 1097], '312B,': [877], 'no.77': [878], '749–761.https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21293GAËL': [881], 'CLEMENT,': [882], 'DANIEL': [883], 'SNITTING,': [884], 'PER': [885], 'ERIK': [886], 'AHLBERG': [887], 'NEW': [889], 'TRISTICHOPTERID': [890], '(SARCOPTERYGII,': [891], 'TETRAPODOMORPHA)': [892], 'UPPER': [895], 'FAMENNIAN': [896], 'EVIEUX': [897], 'FORMATION': [898], '(UPPER': [899], 'DEVONIAN)': [900], 'BELGIUM,': [902], '52,': [904], '823–836.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2009.00876.xDaniel': [908], 'Heddleichthys': [910], '-': [911], 'genus': [915], 'Dura': [918], 'Den': [919], 'Formation,': [920], 'Midland': [921], 'Valley,': [922], 'Scotland': [923, 1687], '(Famennian,': [924], 'Devonian),': [926], 'Zoologica': [928], '90': [929], '273–284.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00376.xPhilippe': [932], 'Janvier': [933, 1084], 'Les': [934], 'premiers': [935], 'vertébrés': [936], 'et': [937], 'les': [938], 'premières': [939], 'étapes': [940], 'de': [941, 1214, 1248], "l'évolution": [942], 'du': [943], 'crâne,': [944], 'Comptes': [945], 'Rendus': [946], 'Palevol': [947], 'no.2-32-3': [949], '209–219.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2008.09.003Robert': [952], 'Sansom': [954], 'Phylogeny,': [955], 'classification': [956, 1501, 1540], 'character': [958], 'polarity': [959], 'Osteostraci': [962], '(Vertebrata),': [963], 'Systematic': [966], '7,': [968], '95–115.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201908002551Hans-Dieter': [972], 'Sues,': [973], 'Reisz': [976], 'Anatomy': [977, 1114], 'relationships': [980], 'Sclerosaurus': [982], 'armatus': [983], '(Amniota:': [984], 'Parareptilia)': [985], 'Buntsandstein': [988], '(Triassic)': [989], 'Europe,': [991], '28,': [996, 1024, 1196], '2008):': [999, 1027, 1053, 1059, 1082, 1259, 1345, 1514, 1532, 1553], '1031–1042.https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1031Daniel': [1000], 'redescription': [1003], 'anatomy': [1006], 'Spodichthys': [1011], 'buetleri': [1012], 'Jarvik,': [1013], '1985': [1014], 'Tetrapodomorpha)': [1016], 'East': [1018, 1042], 'Greenland,': [1019], '637–655.https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[637:AROTAO]2.0.CO;2G.': [1028], 'Young': [1030], 'Relationships': [1031, 1653], 'tristichopterids': [1033], '(osteolepiform': [1034], 'fishes)': [1036, 1127], 'Middle–Late': [1039], 'Gondwana,': [1043], 'Alcheringa:': [1044], 'An': [1045], 'Australasian': [1046], '32,': [1050], '321–336.https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510802104368Daryl': [1054], 'Domning': [1056], 'Sirenia,': [1057], '629–638.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541438.037Juan': [1060], 'Cisneros': [1062], 'basal': [1064], 'procolophonid': [1065], 'reptile': [1066], 'Katberg': [1069], 'formation': [1070], '(Lower': [1071], 'Triassic)': [1072], 'African': [1076], 'Karoo,': [1077], 'Palaeoworld': [1078], '17,': [1079], '126–134.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2008.06.003Philippe': [1083], 'Living': [1085], 'Primitive': [1086], 'Fishes': [1087, 1089, 1565, 1680], 'From': [1090], 'Deep': [1091], 'Time,': [1092], '2007):': [1094, 1323], '1–51.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1546-5098(07)26001-7Shigeru': [1095], 'lamprey': [1101], 'hierarchical': [1103], 'evolutionary': [1104], 'steps': [1105], 'towards': [1106], 'acquisition': [1108], 'jaw,': [1111], '207,': [1115], 'no.55': [1116, 1467], '2005):': [1118, 1147], '489–499.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00483.xGavin': [1119], 'Hans-Peter': [1122], 'Schultze': [1123], 'osteichthyans': [1125], '(bony': [1126], 'Mitteilungen': [1134, 1220, 1289], 'aus': [1135, 1221, 1290], 'dem': [1136, 1222, 1291], 'Museum': [1137, 1223, 1292], 'für': [1138, 1224, 1293], 'Naturkunde': [1139, 1225, 1294], 'Berlin.': [1141, 1227, 1296], 'Geowissenschaftliche': [1142, 1228, 1297], 'Reihe': [1143, 1229, 1298], '13–35.https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.4860080103ERIC': [1148], 'HILTON': [1150], 'Comparative': [1151], 'osteology': [1152], 'systematics': [1155], 'fossil': [1157], 'living': [1159], 'bony-tongue': [1160], 'fishes': [1161], '(Actinopterygii,': [1162], 'Teleostei,': [1163], 'Osteoglossomorpha),': [1164], '137,': [1171], '2002):': [1174, 1199, 1233, 1272], '1–100.https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00032.xPhilip': [1175], 'Donoghue': [1178], 'development': [1181], 'vertebrate': [1184], 'dermal': [1185], 'oral': [1187], 'skeletons:': [1188], 'unraveling': [1189], 'concepts,': [1190], 'regulatory': [1191], 'theories,': [1192], 'homologies,': [1194], 'Paleobiology': [1195], '474–507.https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0474:EODOTV>2.0.CO;2Gavin': [1200], 'Moody': [1205, 1239, 1265], 'Middle-Late': [1207, 1241], 'Sierra': [1213, 1247], 'Perijá,': [1215, 1249], 'western': [1216, 1250], '5,': [1230, 1256, 1269, 1529], '155–206.https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.4860050111Gavin': [1234], 'Fossil': [1254, 1267, 1340, 1351, 1417, 1679], 'Record': [1255, 1268, 1341, 1352], '(Apr': [1258, 1344, 1671], '155–206.https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20020050111G.': [1260], ',': [1266, 1350], '(': [1271, 1355], '155.https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-5-155-2002Zerina': [1273], 'Johanson,': [1274, 1325, 1347, 1358], 'Ritchie': [1276, 1327, 1349], 'Rhipidistians': [1277, 1328], '(Sarcopterygii)': [1278, 1329], 'Hunter': [1281, 1332], 'Siltstone': [1282, 1333], '(Late': [1283, 1334, 1371], 'Famennian)': [1284, 1335, 1373], 'near': [1285, 1336, 1374, 1455], 'Grenfell,': [1286, 1337], 'NSW,': [1287, 1338, 1376], '3,': [1299, 1342, 1353], '2000):': [1302, 1356], '111–136.https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.4860030107PHILIP': [1303], 'DONOGHUE,': [1306], 'PETER': [1307], 'FOREY,': [1309], 'RICHARD': [1310], 'ALDRIDGE': [1312], 'Conodont': [1313], 'affinity': [1314], 'chordate': [1316], 'phylogeny,': [1317], 'Biological': [1318, 1523, 1544, 1586, 1607, 1632], 'Reviews': [1319, 1587, 1633], '75,': [1320], '191–251.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00045.xZerina': [1324], '111–136.https://doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20000030107Z.': [1346], '111.https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-3-111-2000Zerina': [1357], 'Per': [1359, 1393], 'Erik': [1360, 1394], 'Ahlberg': [1361, 1395], '(Osteolepiformes:': [1365], 'Mandagery': [1369], 'Sandstone': [1370], 'Devonian,': [1372], 'Canowindra,': [1375], 'Transactions': [1378, 1568, 1598, 1659, 1697], 'Royal': [1381, 1571, 1601, 1700], 'Edinburgh:': [1384], '88,': [1387], '2011):': [1390], '39–68.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300002303Richard': [1391], 'Cloutier,': [1392], 'Morphology,': [1396], 'Characters,': [1397], 'Interrelationships': [1400], 'Basal': [1402], 'Sarcopterygians,': [1403], '1996):': [1405], '445–479.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012670950-6/50018-7R.': [1406], 'G.': [1408, 1414, 1471, 1484], 'Savage,': [1409], 'Daryl': [1410], 'Domning,': [1412], 'Thewissen': [1416], 'sirenia': [1418], 'west': [1421], 'Atlantic': [1422], 'Caribbean': [1424], 'region.': [1425], 'V.': [1426], 'most': [1428], 'primitive': [1429], 'known': [1430], 'sirenian,': [1431], 'Prorastomus': [1432], 'sirenoides': [1433], 'Owen,': [1434], '1855,': [1435], '14,': [1440], '1994):': [1443], '427–449.https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1994.10011569L.': [1444], 'Barry': [1445], 'Albright': [1446], 'Lower': [1447], 'an': [1450], 'Arikareean': [1451], '(earliest': [1452], 'Miocene)': [1453], 'Toledo': [1457], 'Bend': [1458], 'Dam,': [1459], 'Newton': [1460], 'County,': [1461], 'Texas,': [1462], '68,': [1466, 1575], '1131–1145.https://doi.org/10.1017/S002233600002672XJohn': [1470], 'Maisey': [1472], 'Gnathostomes': [1473], '(Jawed': [1474], 'Vertebrates),': [1475], 'Short': [1476], 'Courses': [1477], '7': [1480], '38–56.https://doi.org/10.1017/S2475263000001252JOHN': [1483], 'MAISEY': [1485], 'HEADS': [1486], 'AND': [1487, 1626], 'TAILS:': [1488], 'CHORDATE': [1490], 'PHYLOGENY,': [1491], 'Cladistics': [1492], '2,': [1493, 1550], '1986):': [1496], '201–256.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.1986.tb00462.xS.': [1497], 'EVANS': [1499], 'Lepidosauria,': [1504], '82,': [1511], 'no.1-21-2': [1512], '87–100.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1984.tb00537.xL.': [1515], 'BEVERLY': [1516], 'HALSTEAD': [1517], 'Affinities': [1518], 'Heterostraci': [1521], '(Agnatha),': [1522], '339–349.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1973.tb00709.xA.': [1533], 'CHARIG,': [1535], 'O.': [1536], 'REIG': [1538], 'Proterosuchia,': [1543], '125–171.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1970.tb01708.xS.': [1554], 'Mahala': [1555], 'Andrews,': [1556], 'T.': [1557], 'Stanley': [1558], 'Westoll': [1559], 'XII.—The': [1560], 'Postcranial': [1561], 'Skeleton': [1562], 'Rhipidistian': [1564], 'Excluding': [1566], 'Eusthenopteron,': [1567], 'Edinburgh': [1574, 1703], 'no.1212': [1576], '391–489.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800014800I.': [1579], 'GRIFFITHS': [1580], 'PHYLOGENY': [1582], 'SALIENTIA,': [1585], '1963):': [1591], '241–292.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1963.tb00784.x': [1592], 'Consideration': [1594], 'Ostracoderms,': [1596], 'Philosophical': [1597], 'London.': [1604, 1665], 'Series': [1605], 'B,': [1606], '238,': [1609], 'no.652652': [1610], '1954):': [1612], '1–25.https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1954.0004WILLIAM': [1613], 'KING': [1614], 'GREGORY': [1615], 'TRANSFORMATION': [1617], 'ORGANIC': [1619], 'DESIGNS:': [1620], 'ORIGIN': [1625], 'DEPLOYMENT': [1627], 'EARLIER': [1630], 'VERTEBRATES,': [1631], '11,': [1634], '1936):': [1637], '311–344.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1936.tb00909.xB.': [1638], 'Arthur': [1639], 'Bensley': [1640], 'III.': [1641], 'Marsupialia;': [1648], 'Remarks': [1650], 'Marsupials': [1656], 'general.,': [1658], '2nd': [1666], 'Series:': [1667], '9,': [1669], '83–217.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1903.tb00447.xRamsay': [1673], 'Traquair': [1675], 'XXXII.—': [1676], 'Report': [1677], 'collected': [1681], 'Geological': [1684], 'Survey': [1685], 'Silurian': [1690], 'Rocks': [1691], 'Scotland,': [1696], '827–864.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800035237': [1708]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037998103', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T20:42:26.238456', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}