Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2036932802', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/aphy.2000.6044', 'title': 'Calculation of Wilson Loops in Two-Dimensional Yang–Mills Theories', 'display_name': 'Calculation of Wilson Loops in Two-Dimensional Yang–Mills Theories', 'publication_year': 2000, 'publication_date': '2000-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2036932802', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/aphy.2000.6044', 'mag': '2036932802'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/aphy.2000.6044', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173877794', 'display_name': 'Annals of Physics', 'issn_l': '0003-4916', 'issn': ['0003-4916', '1096-035X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9901155', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065225878', 'display_name': 'J.M. Aroca', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I9617848', 'display_name': 'Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03mb6wj31', 'country_code': 'ES', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I9617848']}], 'countries': ['ES'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J.M. Aroca', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada i Telemàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C./ Jordi Girona 1 i 3, Mod. C-3, Campus Nord, 08034, Barcelona, Spain'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada i Telemàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C./ Jordi Girona 1 i 3, Mod. C-3, Campus Nord, 08034, Barcelona, Spain', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I9617848']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112443079', 'display_name': 'Yu. A. Kubyshin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I71503853', 'display_name': 'University of Algarve', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/014g34x36', 'country_code': 'PT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I71503853']}], 'countries': ['PT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yu. Kubyshin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Àrea Departamental de Física, UCEH, Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8000, Faro, Portugal'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Àrea Departamental de Física, UCEH, Universidade do Algarve Campus de Gambelas, 8000, Faro, Portugal', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I71503853']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2660, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2660, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.493, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.553621, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 75, 'max': 76}, 'biblio': {'volume': '283', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '11', 'last_page': '56'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10025', 'display_name': 'Black Holes and Theoretical Physics', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10224', 'display_name': 'Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10048', 'display_name': 'Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/wilson-loop', 'display_name': 'Wilson loop', 'score': 0.7194127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/yang–mills-theory', 'display_name': 'Yang–Mills theory', 'score': 0.6514486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-expectation-value', 'display_name': 'Vacuum expectation value', 'score': 0.6005565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice', 'display_name': 'Lattice (music)', 'score': 0.5758154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-gauge-theory', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'score': 0.5707017}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-group', 'display_name': 'Gauge group', 'score': 0.5431605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold', 'display_name': 'Manifold (fluid mechanics)', 'score': 0.45067006}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8899171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776482091', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206552', 'display_name': 'Wilson loop', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7194127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103766332', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192873', 'display_name': 'Yang–Mills theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6514486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136170076', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181296', 'display_name': 'Abelian group', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63891554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63804487', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137397', 'display_name': 'Vacuum expectation value', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6005565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781204021', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091', 'display_name': 'Lattice (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5758154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138817895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386769', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5707017}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78606066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198376', 'display_name': 'Cohomology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55400205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779430453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15260871', 'display_name': 'Gauge group', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5431605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42238305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5370778', 'display_name': 'Lattice field theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5387723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5328102}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146710177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154996', 'display_name': 'Fiber bundle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48609233}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4686415}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45225573}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C529865628', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740', 'display_name': 'Manifold (fluid mechanics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45067006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190470478', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229', 'display_name': 'Invariant (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4215623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28859943}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28517812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778134712', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307', 'display_name': 'Bundle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.19640484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08324474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158129726', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402', 'display_name': 'Higgs boson', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1006/aphy.2000.6044', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S173877794', 'display_name': 'Annals of Physics', 'issn_l': '0003-4916', 'issn': ['0003-4916', '1096-035X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9901155', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9901155', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9901155', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9901155', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9901155', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2036932802', 'https://openalex.org/W3098127227'], 'referenced_works_count': 59, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1482414980', 'https://openalex.org/W1485740749', 'https://openalex.org/W1491905513', 'https://openalex.org/W1499035098', 'https://openalex.org/W1516093356', 'https://openalex.org/W1527536308', 'https://openalex.org/W1572433104', 'https://openalex.org/W1588874449', 'https://openalex.org/W1667720742', 'https://openalex.org/W1978965532', 'https://openalex.org/W1983033166', 'https://openalex.org/W1988075141', 'https://openalex.org/W1992979057', 'https://openalex.org/W1993820146', 'https://openalex.org/W2001344531', 'https://openalex.org/W2002185641', 'https://openalex.org/W2004206144', 'https://openalex.org/W2005154889', 'https://openalex.org/W2009458638', 'https://openalex.org/W2013040433', 'https://openalex.org/W2014333512', 'https://openalex.org/W2016625173', 'https://openalex.org/W2035829948', 'https://openalex.org/W2047908378', 'https://openalex.org/W2053170335', 'https://openalex.org/W2059144517', 'https://openalex.org/W2061971595', 'https://openalex.org/W2070959866', 'https://openalex.org/W2078393607', 'https://openalex.org/W2084242492', 'https://openalex.org/W2084336820', 'https://openalex.org/W2088990520', 'https://openalex.org/W2089465567', 'https://openalex.org/W2089606669', 'https://openalex.org/W2092272609', 'https://openalex.org/W2093630997', 'https://openalex.org/W2095922741', 'https://openalex.org/W2128231882', 'https://openalex.org/W2128559058', 'https://openalex.org/W2134853462', 'https://openalex.org/W2138547238', 'https://openalex.org/W2143087105', 'https://openalex.org/W2158923649', 'https://openalex.org/W2160316445', 'https://openalex.org/W2172949211', 'https://openalex.org/W2200080432', 'https://openalex.org/W2316677100', 'https://openalex.org/W2317436359', 'https://openalex.org/W2587377217', 'https://openalex.org/W2597720012', 'https://openalex.org/W290208484', 'https://openalex.org/W3047769892', 'https://openalex.org/W3098124712', 'https://openalex.org/W3100440531', 'https://openalex.org/W3107709063', 'https://openalex.org/W4213201624', 'https://openalex.org/W4232627455', 'https://openalex.org/W4239314974', 'https://openalex.org/W610256282'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4388109824', 'https://openalex.org/W3105631397', 'https://openalex.org/W3104936002', 'https://openalex.org/W3103109706', 'https://openalex.org/W2163484726', 'https://openalex.org/W2136910216', 'https://openalex.org/W2132322005', 'https://openalex.org/W2072870943', 'https://openalex.org/W2036932802', 'https://openalex.org/W1968438564'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036932802', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-09T15:33:57.237016', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}