The Apparent Ideological Behavior of Legislators: Testing for Principal-Agent Slack in Political Institutions

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Joseph P. Kalt; Mark A. Zupan
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1520, 1571, 1646, 1681, 1699, 2024, 2436, 2485, 2515, 2569, 2641, 2696, 2757, 2797, 2844, 2881, 2927, 2942, 2988, 3008, 3033, 3057, 3075, 3098, 3114, 3164, 3187, 3206, 3227, 3247, 3411, 3431, 3459], '188,': [181], 'no.1-21-2': [182, 1134, 1246, 1522, 1573, 1701, 2438, 2487, 2571, 2698, 2799, 2846, 2990, 3010, 3035, 3059, 3077, 3100, 3116], '2020):': [184, 252, 310], '183–201.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-020-00820-7Lauren': [185], 'M': [186], 'Rowlands,': [187], 'Ryan': [188, 684, 786, 1035, 1139, 1225, 1414], 'J': [189], 'Vander': [190, 788, 1037, 1141, 1227, 1416], 'Wielen': [191, 686, 789, 1038, 1142, 1228, 1417], 'Time-dependent': [192], 'legislative': [193, 1237, 3405], 'behavior': [194, 1238, 3239], 'election': [196], 'outcomes,': [197], 'Party': [198, 793, 1145, 1976, 2042], 'Politics': [199, 225, 896, 1023, 1173, 1289, 1592, 2043, 2299, 2354, 2424, 3375], '27,': [200], 'no.33': [201, 308, 503, 588, 606, 629, 752, 852, 958, 1292, 1597, 1961, 2142, 2226, 2401, 2426, 2466, 2598, 2622, 2883, 2976, 3229, 3356], '(Aug': [202, 309, 332, 589, 853, 1373, 1962, 2123, 2143, 2337, 3333, 3357], '2019):': [203, 275, 333, 354, 416, 426], '565–580.https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819868059Eduardo': [204], 'Alemán,': [205, 428], 'Juan': [206, 429], 'Pablo': [207, 209, 430, 432], 'Micozzi,': [208, 431], 'Pinto,': [211, 434], 'Sebastián': [212], 'Saiegh': [213, 436], 'Constituency': [214, 2351], 'Effects': [215, 714, 1278, 1424, 2606], 'Legislative': [217, 423, 445, 450, 519, 539, 625, 643, 727, 749, 778, 976, 1211, 1405, 1426, 1528, 1583, 1800, 2130, 2217, 2534, 2751, 3467], 'Dissent': [218], 'Under': [219], 'Closed-List': [220], 'Proportional': [221], 'Representation,': [222, 615, 1587], 'Latin': [223], 'Society': [227, 1918], '63,': [228], '(May': [230, 544, 630, 926, 1061, 1199, 1247, 1574, 3462], '2021):': [231, 1599], '78–99.https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2021.6Jake': [232], 'B.': [233, 1741, 2442, 2448, 2632, 2948, 2997, 3063, 3104, 3120, 3400], 'Grandy,': [234], 'Shon': [235], 'R.': [236, 883, 906, 1087, 1299, 1438, 1630, 1671, 1737, 2472, 2650, 3081, 3170, 3315, 3381], 'Hiatt': [237], 'State': [238, 259, 518, 1591, 1798], 'Agency': [239, 662], 'Discretion': [240], 'Entrepreneurship': [242, 1078], 'Regulated': [244], 'Markets,': [245], 'Administrative': [246], 'Quarterly': [248, 452, 541, 561, 604, 627, 729, 978, 1407, 1595, 1802, 1980, 2355, 3330], '65,': [249, 3460], 'no.44': [250, 273, 543, 731, 781, 808, 980, 1198, 1372, 1804, 2285, 2301, 2778, 2824, 3189, 3281, 3332], '(Mar': [251, 1523, 1649, 1684, 1829, 2046, 2717, 2743, 3250, 3397], '1092–1131.https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839220911022Tianfeng': [253], 'Richard': [255, 657], 'C.': [256, 1577, 2031, 2746, 3193], 'Feiock': [257], 'Explaining': [258, 737, 1554], 'Budget': [260, 1317], 'Punctuations:': [261], 'Policy': [262, 269, 850, 1081, 1594, 1887, 1902, 3046], 'Transparency,': [263], 'Institutions,': [265], 'Incentives,': [268], 'Studies': [270, 410, 451, 540, 626, 673, 728, 750, 779, 977, 1196, 1406, 1801, 2740], '48,': [272], '926–952.https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12344Mitchell': [276], 'Hoffman,': [277], 'Elizabeth': [278], 'Lyons': [279], 'A': [280, 402, 1068, 1931, 2245, 2322, 2384, 2416, 2478, 2732, 2851, 3175, 3221], 'time': [281, 287, 296], 'make': [283], 'laws': [284], 'a': [286, 725, 820, 2038, 2160, 2205, 2216, 2792, 3422, 3451], 'fundraise?': [289], 'On': [290, 2999, 3342], 'relation': [292], 'between': [293], 'salaries': [294], 'use': [297], 'state': [299, 1128], 'politicians,': [300], 'Canadian': [301], 'Economics/Revue': [304], 'canadienne': [305], "d'économique": [306], '53,': [307, 2823, 2863], '1318–1358.https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12465Didier': [311], 'Laussel,': [312], 'Ngo': [313], 'Long': [314], 'Tying': [315], "politicians'": [317], 'hands:': [318], 'optimal': [320], 'limits': [321], 'representative': [323], 'democracy,': [324, 2151], 'Theory': [329], '22,': [330, 2715], '25–48.https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12388Pavel': [334], 'Yakovlev,': [336, 508], 'J.': [337, 567, 613, 685, 787, 840, 1036, 1109, 1140, 1159, 1162, 1226, 1415, 1500, 1705, 1861, 1924, 1968, 2087, 2252, 2311, 2362, 2532, 2647, 2720, 3044], 'Sebastian': [338, 435], 'Leguizamon': [339], 'STATE': [340], 'TAXES': [341], 'AND': [342, 2190, 2270, 2495, 2589], 'LEGISLATIVE': [343, 2587], 'TURNOVER': [344], 'IN': [345, 2181, 2420, 2454, 2498, 2592, 3364], 'THE': [346, 2184, 2271, 2455, 2499, 2584, 2593, 3365], 'UNITED': [347], 'STATES,': [348, 2594], 'Inquiry': [350, 2224, 2283, 2464, 2596], '58,': [351], '(Oct': [353, 471, 732, 981, 1005, 1027, 1084, 1855, 2286, 2427, 2547, 2623, 2800, 2825, 2914, 2930, 3312], '518–535.https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12851Florian': [355], 'Engl': [356, 368], 'Motives': [358, 370], 'Group': [360, 372], 'Decision-Making,': [361, 373], 'SSRN': [362, 374, 522, 1053, 1154, 1322, 1433, 1453, 1471, 1547, 1615, 1731, 1934, 1990, 2011, 2101, 2247, 2261], 'Electronic': [363, 375, 523, 1054, 1155, 1323, 1434, 1454, 1472, 1548, 1616, 1732, 1935, 1991, 2012, 2102, 2248, 2262], '133': [365, 377], '2020).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3738759Florian': [367], '2020).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3744605Matthew': [379], 'Wood': [380], 'Hyper-active': [381], 'Governance,': [382], '1': [383, 3311], '2019).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108592437Jisung': [385], 'Yoo': [386], 'impact': [388, 1815], 'conflict': [390], 'among': [391], 'political': [392, 821, 932, 1642, 2152, 2658, 2873, 3067, 3183, 3200], 'actors': [393], 'implementing': [395], 'South': [396], "Korea's": [397], 'new': [398], 'teacher': [399], 'evaluation': [400], 'policy:': [401, 2159, 3198], 'case': [403, 2876], 'study': [404], 'with': [405, 1715], 'implications': [406], 'education': [408], 'policymaking,': [409], 'Educational': [412], 'Evaluation': [413], '61': [414], '94–104.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2019.03.006Klaus': [417], 'Meßerschmidt': [418], 'Special': [419], 'Interest': [420, 1713, 1866, 2382, 2764], 'Legislation': [421], 'Capture,': [424], '243–272.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12068-9_10Eduardo': [427], 'Disentangling': [437], 'Role': [439], 'Ideology': [441, 2094, 2431, 2554, 2981], 'Partisanship': [443, 1050, 2034], 'Voting:': [446], 'Evidence': [447, 535, 994, 1845, 2096, 2611, 2689, 2790], 'Argentina,': [449], '43,': [453, 587], '(Jul': [455, 878, 1135, 1762, 1878, 1921, 1983, 2227, 2439, 2467, 2572, 2599, 2847, 3378, 3434], '2017):': [456, 483, 505, 2027], '245–273.https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12182John': [457], 'Lovett,': [458], 'Grant': [459], 'Ferguson': [460], 'An': [461, 1314, 3288, 3402], 'Analysis': [463, 1315], '1st': [466], 'Nationalist': [467], 'Movement': [468, 1728], '1783,': [470], '2018):': [472], '1–26.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95819-4_1Helmut': [473], 'Wiesenthal': [474], 'Akteurkompetenz:': [475], 'Das': [476], 'Trilemma': [477], 'strategisch': [478], 'ambitionierter': [479], 'Mitgliederverbände': [480], '(1993),': [481], '(Dec': [482, 942, 959, 1293, 1346, 1497, 1627, 2760, 2779, 3190, 3263], '223–242.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-20000-8_10John': [484], 'Duggan,': [485], 'César': [486], 'Martinelli': [487], 'Economy': [490, 1334, 1386, 1446, 1623, 1759, 1826, 2170, 2241, 2256, 2399, 2620, 3260, 3279], 'Dynamic': [492, 790, 1049, 1143], 'Elections:': [493], 'Commitment,': [495], 'Responsiveness,': [497], 'Literature': [501], '55,': [502, 1981], '(Sep': [504, 607, 809, 1221, 1661, 2945, 2977, 3136, 3209], '916–984.https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20150927Pavel': [506], 'Mehmet': [509], 'Serkan': [510], 'Tosun,': [511], 'William': [512, 3015], 'Lewis': [513, 1742], 'Fiscal': [515, 2537, 2605], 'Consequences': [516], 'Term': [520, 739, 887, 1185, 1580, 2259], 'Limits,': [521, 888, 2260], '2017).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3093111Benny': [526], 'Geys,': [527], 'Karsten': [528], 'Mause': [529], 'Limits': [531, 1581], 'Control:': [534], 'Last-Term': [537], 'Politicians,': [538, 1191], '41,': [542, 628], '2016):': [545, 565, 590, 608, 631, 651, 677, 1922, 1984, 2124, 2359, 2377, 3334], '873–898.https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12136Anne': [546], 'E.': [547], 'Baker': [548], 'Getting': [549], 'Short-Changed?': [550], 'Impact': [552], 'Outside': [554, 1794], 'Money': [555, 3393], 'District': [557, 1748], 'Representation*,': [558], 'Social': [559, 1886, 2223], '97,': [562], 'no.55': [563, 1345, 2122, 2522], '(Apr': [564, 753, 2488, 2699, 3230], '1096–1107.https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12279Robert': [566], 'McGrath,': [568], 'James': [569], 'Rydberg': [571], 'Marginality': [573], 'Hypothesis': [574], 'Supreme': [576], 'Court': [577], 'Confirmation': [578], 'Votes': [579, 3346], 'Senate,': [582, 1171, 1242, 1431, 1568, 1849, 1953, 2009, 2117, 2567, 2710, 3072], 'Congress': [583, 2711], 'Presidency': [586, 2714], '324–351.https://doi.org/10.1080/07343469.2016.1196267Christopher': [591], 'Cooper,': [593], 'H.': [594, 610, 636, 658, 1478, 2289, 3107, 3253, 3475], 'Gibbs': [595], 'Knotts,': [596], 'Jordan': [597, 1268], 'Ragusa': [598], 'Constrained': [600], 'Governor,': [601], 'Research': [603, 897, 1174, 1290, 1903, 1979, 2675, 2776], '69,': [605, 3412], '482–494.https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916652504Justin': [609], 'Kirkland,': [611], 'Jeffrey': [612, 1740], 'Harden': [614], 'Competing': [616], 'Principals,': [617], 'Waffling': [619], 'Bills': [621], 'Legislatures,': [624, 1799], '657–686.https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12132David': [632], 'Willumsen,': [634], 'Klaus': [635], 'Goetz': [637], 'Set': [638], 'Free?': [639], 'Impending': [640], 'Retirement': [641], 'Behaviour': [644, 763], 'UK,': [647], 'Parliamentary': [648, 1059], 'Affairs': [649], 'gsw018.https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsw018Dhammika': [652], 'Dharmapala,': [653], 'Nuno': [654], 'Garoupa,': [655], 'McAdams': [659], 'Punitive': [660], 'Police?': [661], 'Costs,': [663], 'Enforcement,': [665], 'Criminal': [667], 'Procedure,': [668], 'Legal': [672], '45,': [674, 1262], '105–141.https://doi.org/10.1086/684308Kevin': [678], 'Arceneaux,': [679, 1030], 'Martin': [680, 1031], 'Johnson,': [681, 1032], 'René': [682], 'Lindstädt,': [683, 785, 1138, 1224, 1413], 'Influence': [688, 1719, 1892], 'News': [690, 1046], 'Media': [691], 'Elites:': [694], 'Investigating': [695, 1048], 'Strategic': [696, 2315], 'Responsiveness': [697, 1164], 'Congress,': [699, 1052, 3350], '60,': [705], '(Feb': [707, 1100, 3414], '2015):': [708, 733, 754, 1763, 2548, 2624, 2915, 3313], '5–29.https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12171Kentaro': [709], 'Fukumoto,': [710], 'Akitaka': [711], 'Matsuo': [712], 'Election': [716, 2347], 'Proximity': [717], 'Participatory': [719], 'Shirking:': [720, 1419], 'Staggered-Term': [722], 'Chamber': [723], 'as': [724, 1842, 2215, 2753], 'Laboratory,': [726], '40,': [730], '599–625.https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12090Matthew': [734], 'S.': [735, 1090, 1349, 1358, 1687, 2202, 2343], 'Dabros': [736, 1091], 'Final': [738], 'Changes': [740], 'Congressional': [743, 1284, 1394, 1840, 1869, 2127, 2258, 2919], 'Foreign': [744], 'Travel,': [745, 1404], '21,': [751], '428–446.https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2015.1037071Timothy': [755], 'Nokken': [757, 963], 'Comparing': [758], 'Agenda': [759, 796, 1148], 'Content': [760], 'Roll-call': [762], 'Regular': [765], 'Lame-duck': [767], 'Sessions': [768, 970], 'House': [771, 2812, 3094], 'Representatives,': [773, 3096], '1879–2010,': [774], '20,': [780, 1827, 1904], '2014):': [783, 854, 901, 2144, 2338, 3358], '430–450.https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2014.921532René': [784], 'Elite': [791], 'Partisanship:': [792, 1144], 'Loyalty': [794, 1146], 'Setting': [797, 1149, 1657], 'House,': [801, 974, 1153], 'British': [802], '44,': [807], '2013):': [810, 836, 927, 943, 960, 982, 1006, 1028, 1062, 3137], '741–772.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123413000173B.': [811], 'Andrew': [812, 1202, 2361], 'Chupp': [813, 1203], 'interaction': [815], 'senate:': [818], 'estimating': [819], '"spatial"': [822], 'weights': [823], 'matrix': [824], 'application': [827], 'lobbying': [829], 'behavior,': [830, 870, 3409], '160,': [833], 'no.3-43-4': [834, 1099, 1648, 1683, 2643, 2759], '521–538.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-013-0111-9Lauren': [837], 'Cohen,': [838, 945], 'Christopher': [839, 948, 2310], 'Malloy': [841, 949], 'Friends': [842], 'High': [844], 'Places,': [845], 'Journal:': [848], '6,': [851], '63–91.https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.6.3.63Fumitoshi': [855], 'Mizutani,': [856], 'Eri': [857], 'Nakamura': [858], 'Managerial': [859], 'incentive,': [860], 'organizational': [861], 'slack,': [862], 'performance:': [864], 'empirical': [865, 2387], 'Japanese': [868], "firms'": [869], 'Management': [873, 1218], 'Governance': [875, 1370, 1605], '18,': [876, 2741], '2012):': [879, 1085, 1107], '245–284.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-012-9226-5Jennifer': [880], 'Hayes': [881], 'Clark,': [882], 'Lucas': [884], 'Williams': [885], 'Parties,': [886], 'Representation': [890, 1040, 1752], 'U.S.': [893, 973, 1152, 1170, 1241, 1430, 1449, 1567, 1797, 1848, 1952, 2008, 2116, 2456, 2500, 2566, 2669, 2811, 3071, 3093, 3219, 3349], 'States,': [894, 1367], '42,': [898, 924, 1919], '171–193.https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X13492191David': [902], 'Mitchell,': [904, 1297], 'Danny': [905, 1298], 'Hughes,': [907, 1300], 'Noel': [908, 1301], 'D.': [909, 929, 1302, 1503, 1526, 1655, 1710, 1810, 2090, 2409, 2653, 3235, 3465], 'Campbell': [910, 1303], 'Are': [911, 1304], 'Powerful': [912, 1305], 'Majorities': [913, 1306], 'Inefficient': [914, 1307], 'Parties': [916, 1309, 2369], 'Efficient': [918, 1311], 'Taxpayers?,': [920], 'Finance': [922, 2119, 3329, 3395], '117–138.https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142113487009Carlos': [928], 'Ramirez': [930, 2091], 'economy': [933, 3201], '"currency': [935], 'manipulation"': [936], 'bashing,': [937], '27': [941], '227–237.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.10.005Lauren': [944], 'Karl': [946], 'Diether,': [947], 'Legislating': [950], 'stock': [951], 'prices,': [952], 'Financial': [955, 2055], '110,': [957], '574–595.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.08.012Timothy': [961], 'Uncertainty': [964], 'Roll-Call': [966, 1948, 2004, 2292], 'Voting': [967, 1561, 1870, 1942, 1949, 1998, 2005, 2113, 2128, 2293, 2808], 'Lame-Duck': [969], '1969-2010,': [975], '38,': [979, 2545], '571–591.https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12028Philippe': [983], 'Gagnepain,': [984], 'Marc': [985], 'Ivaldi,': [986], 'David': [987, 1065, 2655, 2952], 'Martimort': [988], 'Cost': [990, 1974], 'Contract': [992], 'Renegotiation:': [993], 'Local': [997, 2726, 2736], 'Sector,': [999], '103,': [1003, 2621], 'no.66': [1004, 1176, 1496, 1761], '2352–2383.https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.6.2352Matthew': [1007], 'S': [1008], 'Dabros,': [1009], 'W': [1011], 'Petersen': [1012], 'Not': [1013], 'created': [1014], 'equal:': [1015], 'Institutional': [1016, 1926], 'constraints': [1017], 'democratic': [1020], 'peace,': [1021], 'International': [1022, 1874, 2831, 3392], 'Reviews': [1024], '1,': [1025, 1082], '27–36.https://doi.org/10.1057/ipr.2013.5Kevin': [1029], 'Renn': [1033], 'Lindsttdt,': [1034], 'Democratic': [1039], 'Emergence': [1043], 'Partisan': [1045], 'Media:': [1047], '2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2324786Simon': [1057], 'Hug': [1058], 'Voting,': [1060, 1212], '137–157.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6588-1_8Noel': [1063], 'Campbell,': [1064], 'Mitchell': [1067], '(partial)': [1069], 'review': [1070, 2480, 3177], 'entrepreneurship': [1072], 'literature': [1073], 'across': [1074], 'disciplines,': [1075], '183–199.https://doi.org/10.1108/20452101211261453Glenn': [1086], 'Parker,': [1088, 1631], 'Matthew': [1089], 'Last-period': [1092], 'problems': [1093], 'legislatures,': [1095, 1679], '151,': [1098], '2011):': [1101, 1178, 1200, 1222, 1265, 1411, 1806], '789–806.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9770-6Thomas': [1102], 'Hoebel': [1103], 'Politische': [1104], 'Organisationen,': [1105], '63–90.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93312-2_4Jeffrey': [1108], 'Harden,': [1110], 'Thomas': [1111, 2652, 2935, 3043, 3141], 'Carsey': [1113], 'Balancing': [1114], 'constituency': [1115, 3048], 'representation': [1116, 1378, 2983], 'party': [1118], 'responsiveness': [1119], 'Senate:': [1123], 'conditioning': [1125], 'effect': [1126, 1640], 'ideological': [1129, 3022, 3216, 3408], 'heterogeneity,': [1130], '150,': [1133], '2010):': [1136, 1248, 1294, 1347, 1356], '137–154.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9693-7René': [1137], '2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1922816Benjamin': [1158], 'Kassow,': [1160], 'Charles': [1161], 'Finocchiaro': [1163], 'Accountability': [1167], '39,': [1175, 1291], '1019–1044.https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X11411650E.': [1179], 'Dal': [1180], 'Bo,': [1181], 'Rossi': [1184], 'Length': [1186], 'Effort': [1189], '78,': [1197], '1237–1263.https://doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdr010B.': [1201], 'Environmental': [1204, 1215], 'Constituent': [1205, 2634], 'Interest,': [1206], 'Green': [1207], 'Electricity': [1208], 'Policies,': [1209], '62,': [1219], '254–266.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2011.03.008René': [1223], 'Timely': [1229, 1418], 'shirking:': [1230, 1643, 2477], 'time-dependent': [1231], 'monitoring': [1232], 'its': [1234, 1423], 'effects': [1235], '148,': [1245], '119–148.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9649-y': [1249], '한정훈': [1250], 'Absenteeism': [1251], '18th': [1254], 'Korean': [1255, 1258], 'National': [1256], 'Assembly,': [1257], '121–147.https://doi.org/10.18854/kpsr.2011.45.2.006Joshua': [1266], 'Huder,': [1267], 'Michael': [1269, 1480, 3172], 'Ragusa,': [1270], 'Daniel': [1271], 'Smith': [1273, 1506], 'Shirking': [1274, 2704, 3065], 'Initiative?': [1276], 'Statewide': [1280], 'Ballot': [1281], 'Measures': [1282], 'Roll': [1285, 1584, 3344], 'Call': [1286, 1585, 3345], 'Behavior,': [1287], '582–610.https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X10388137David': [1295], 'Taxpayers?': [1313], 'Maximization': [1318], 'U.S.,': [1321], '2011).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1943572Atif': [1326], 'Mian,': [1327, 1439], 'Amir': [1328, 1440], 'Sufi,': [1329, 1441], 'Mortgage': [1338, 1450], 'Default': [1339, 1451], 'Crisis,': [1340, 1452], '100,': [1344], '1967–1998.https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.5.1967Adriana': [1348], 'Cordis': [1350, 1359], 'Judicial': [1351, 1360], 'Checks': [1352], 'Corruption,': [1354], '71–102.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230109490_5Adriana': [1357], 'checks': [1361], 'corruption': [1363], 'United': [1366], '10,': [1371], '2009):': [1374, 1390, 1628], '375–401.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-009-0065-zHelena': [1375], 'Svaleryd': [1376], "Women's": [1377], 'public': [1380, 2768, 3197], 'spending,': [1381], 'European': [1382, 1822, 2166, 2395, 3275], '25,': [1387, 2082, 2356, 2521], '186–198.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.12.004BETH': [1391], 'ROSENSON': [1393], 'Frequent': [1395], 'Flyers:': [1396], 'Demand-': [1397], 'Supply-Side': [1399], 'Explanations': [1400, 3126], 'Privately': [1402], '34,': [1408, 2465, 3306], '245–271.https://doi.org/10.3162/036298009788314327René': [1412], 'Time-Dependent': [1420], 'Monitoring': [1421], '1981-2002,': [1432], '2009).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1291334Atif': [1437], '2009).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1291524Tai': [1457], 'Ma,': [1458, 1601], 'Hsin-Yi': [1459, 1602], 'Yu': [1460, 1603], 'Board': [1461], 'Restructuring': [1462], 'Government-Linked': [1464, 1607], 'Companies:': [1465], 'Control': [1466, 1610, 1723], 'Driven': [1467, 1611], 'or': [1468, 2924, 3029], 'Performance': [1469, 1613], 'Driven?,': [1470, 1614], '2009).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1354982Christopher': [1475], 'Dennis,': [1476], 'Marshall': [1477], 'Medoff,': [1479], 'Magnera': [1481], "Constituents'": [1482], 'economic': [1483, 1513, 1820, 2158, 2959], 'interests': [1484, 2556, 3153], 'senator': [1486], 'support': [1487, 3068], 'spending': [1489], 'limitations,': [1490], 'Socio-Economics': [1494, 2520], '37,': [1495], '2008):': [1498, 1524, 1535, 2200, 2508], '2443–2453.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2008.05.004Edward': [1499], 'López,': [1501], 'Carlos': [1502, 2089], 'Ramírez': [1504], 'Mr.': [1505], 'economy:': [1509], 'influence': [1511, 2659], 'conditions': [1514], 'individual': [1516], 'legislator': [1517, 3003], 'voting,': [1518, 3110], '136,': [1521], '1–17.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9275-5Mathew': [1525], 'McCubbins': [1527, 1656, 3466], 'Process': [1529, 3468], 'Mirroring': [1532, 3471], 'Principle,': [1533, 3472], '123–147.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69305-5_7Erik': [1536], 'Lindqvist,': [1537], 'Robert': [1538, 2407, 2805, 3233], 'Ostling': [1539], 'Polarization': [1541], 'Size': [1544], 'Government,': [1546, 2737], '2008).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1265448Beth': [1551], 'Rosenson': [1553], "legislators'": [1555], 'positions': [1556], 'outside': [1558], 'income': [1559], 'limits:': [1560], 'honoraria': [1563], 'ceilings': [1564], '1981–1983,': [1569], '133,': [1572], '2007):': [1575], '111–128.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9181-xGerald': [1576], 'Wright': [1578, 3064], 'Do': [1579, 2725, 3445], 'Affect': [1582], 'Voting?': [1586], 'Polarization,': [1588], 'Participation,': [1590], '7,': [1596, 2044, 3280], '256–280.https://doi.org/10.1177/153244000700700302Tai': [1600], 'Corporate': [1604], 'Companies': [1608], '-': [1609], 'Or': [1612], '2007).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.967261Fred': [1619], 'Thompson': [1620], 'Administration,': [1626], '1063–1100.https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420016994.ch28Glenn': [1629], 'Jun': [1632], 'Young': [1633], 'Choi': [1634], 'Barriers': [1635], 'competition': [1637], '1953–1992,': [1644], '126,': [1647], '2006):': [1650, 2428], '297–315.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-6829-xGary': [1651], 'W.': [1652, 1835, 2308, 2312, 2406, 2445, 2526, 2575, 2629, 2748], 'Cox,': [1653], 'Mathew': [1654], 'Agenda,': [1659], '48': [1660], '2012).https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791123James': [1662], 'Hamilton': [1664], 'Regulation': [1665], 'through': [1666], 'Revelation,': [1667], '21': [1668], '2009).https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511614835Glenn': [1670], 'Parker': [1672], 'Reputational': [1673], 'capital,': [1674], 'opportunism,': [1675], 'self-policing': [1677], '122,': [1682, 1700], '2005):': [1685, 1703], '333–354.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-5733-0Anke': [1686], 'Kessler': [1688], 'Representative': [1689], 'versus': [1690, 2963, 3202], 'direct': [1691], 'democracy:': [1692], 'role': [1694], 'informational': [1696], 'asymmetries,': [1697], '9–38.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-1682-xLee': [1704], 'Alston,': [1706], 'Bernardo': [1707], 'Mueller,': [1708], 'Gary': [1709], 'Libecap': [1711], 'How': [1712, 2051], 'Groups': [1714, 1867], 'Limited': [1716], 'Resources': [1717], 'can': [1718], 'Outcomes:': [1721], 'Information': [1722, 3123], 'Landless': [1726], 'Peasant': [1727], 'Brazil,': [1730], '2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.761750': [1735], 'Elisabeth': [1736], 'Gerber': [1738, 1753], 'Beyond': [1743], 'Median:': [1745], 'Voter': [1746, 2609], 'Preferences,': [1747], 'Heterogeneity,': [1749], 'Lewis,': [1755], '112,': [1760], '1364–1383.https://doi.org/10.1086/424737BRIAN': [1764], 'F.': [1765, 2803], 'CRISP,': [1766], 'KRISTIN': [1767], 'KANTHAK,': [1768], 'JENNY': [1769], 'LEIJONHUFVUD': [1770], 'Reputations': [1772], 'Legislators': [1773], 'Build:': [1774], 'With': [1775], 'Whom': [1776], 'Should': [1777], 'Representatives': [1778], 'Collaborate?,': [1779], '98,': [1784], 'no.0404': [1785], '2004):': [1787, 1830], '703–716.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404041437H.W.': [1788], 'JEROME': [1789], 'MADDOX': [1790], 'Opportunity': [1791], 'Costs': [1792], 'Careers': [1795], '29,': [1803, 2374], '517–544.https://doi.org/10.3162/036298004X201285S.Brock': [1807], 'Blomberg,': [1808], 'Gregory': [1809], 'Hess,': [1811], 'Akila': [1812], 'Weerapana': [1813], 'voter': [1817], 'initiatives': [1818], 'activity,': [1821], '207–226.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.02.003Franklin': [1831], 'G.': [1832, 2578, 2603, 3084], 'Mixon,': [1833], 'Rand': [1834], 'Ressler,': [1836], 'Troy': [1838], 'Gibson': [1839], 'Memberships': [1841], 'Advertising:': [1844], 'Southern': [1850], '70,': [1853], '2003):': [1856, 1907], '414–424.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2003.tb00579.xBenjamin': [1857], 'O.': [1858], 'Fordham,': [1859], 'Timothy': [1860, 2531], 'McKeown': [1862], 'Selection': [1863], 'Influence:': [1865], 'Trade': [1872, 2329], 'Policy,': [1873, 2538], 'Organization': [1875, 2535], 'no.0303': [1877], '2003).https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818303573076ASHER': [1879], 'BEN-ARIEH,': [1880], 'ABRAHAM': [1881], 'DORON': [1882], 'Making': [1884], 'Israel:': [1889], 'Perceived': [1891], 'Members': [1894], '13th': [1897], 'Israeli': [1898], 'Knesset,': [1899], '311–329.https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-1338.t01-1-00008Joseph': [1908], 'Clougherty': [1910], 'Nonmarket': [1911], 'Strategy': [1912], 'Merger': [1914], 'Reviews,': [1915], '115–143.https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650302250513Kenneth': [1923], 'McKenzie': [1925], 'Design': [1927], 'Policy.': [1930], 'Microeconomic': [1932], 'Perspective,': [1933], '2003).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.445921Jon': [1938], 'Nelson': [1940, 1996], '"Green"': [1941], 'Ideology:': [1944, 2000, 2706], 'LCV': [1945, 2001], 'Scores': [1946, 2002], '1988–1998,': [1954], 'Statistics': [1959], '84,': [1960, 2570], '2002):': [1963], '518–529.https://doi.org/10.1162/003465302320259510Wayne': [1964], 'Leighton,': [1966], 'Edward': [1967, 2551], 'Lopez': [1969, 2253], 'Committee': [1970], 'Assignments': [1971], 'Loyalty,': [1977], '59–90.https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290205500103Barry': [1985], 'Mitnick': [1987], 'Moral': [1988], 'Tethers,': [1989], '2002).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1425084Jon': [1994], "'Green'": [1997], '1988-1998,': [2010], '2002).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.301392William': [2015], 'N.': [2016], 'Eskridge,': [2017], 'John': [2018, 2471, 2602], 'Ferejohn': [2019], 'Statutory': [2020], 'Interpretation': [2021], 'Rational': [2023], 'Theories,': [2025], '1934–1939.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74173-1_365Roger': [2028], 'Scully,': [2029], 'Samuel': [2030], 'Patterson': [2032], 'Ideology,': [2033, 2352, 2937, 3109, 3143, 3477], 'Decision-Making': [2036], 'Contemporary': [2039], 'Legislature,': [2041], '2001):': [2047, 2058, 2085], '131–155.https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068801007002001Helen': [2048], 'Garten': [2050], 'Think': [2053], 'About': [2054], 'Regulation,': [2056], '16–44.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977606_2Philip': [2059], 'Napoli': [2061], 'Chapter': [2062], '2:': [2063], 'Federal': [2065], 'Communications': [2066, 2070], 'Commission': [2067], 'Policymaking': [2071], 'Process:': [2072], 'Theoretical': [2073], 'Perspectives': [2074], 'Recommendations': [2076], 'Future': [2078], 'Research,': [2079], 'Communication': [2080], 'Yearbook': [2081], '44–77.https://doi.org/10.1207/s15567419cy2501_2Edward': [2086], 'Lopez,': [2088], 'Is': [2092], 'Endogenous?': [2095], 'Cycle,': [2100], '2001).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.257524Peter': [2105], 'Zaleski,': [2107], 'Penny': [2108], 'Maier': [2109], 'Donati': [2110], 'Tort': [2111], 'Reform': [2112], '28,': [2121, 2197], '415–427.https://doi.org/10.1177/109114210002800502Thomas': [2125], 'Stratmann': [2126], 'over': [2129, 3243], 'Careers:': [2131], 'Shifting': [2132], 'Positions': [2133], 'Changing': [2135], 'Constraints,': [2136], '94,': [2141], '665–676.https://doi.org/10.2307/2585838Lars': [2145], 'Feld,': [2147, 2236], 'Gebhard': [2148, 2237], 'Kirchgässner': [2149], 'Direct': [2150, 2243], 'culture,': [2153], 'outcome': [2156], 'report': [2161], 'Swiss': [2164], 'experience,': [2165], '16,': [2171, 2676], '2000):': [2174], '287–306.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(00)00003-3Valerie': [2175], 'Sulfaro': [2177, 2492], 'SOURCES': [2178], 'OF': [2179, 2186, 2418, 2586, 3369], 'STRUCTURE': [2180, 2588], 'CONGRESSIONAL': [2182, 2275, 3370], 'BEHAVIOR:': [2183], 'INFLUENCE': [2185], 'IDEOLOGY': [2187], 'ON': [2188, 2277, 2451], 'FOREIGN': [2189, 2493], 'DOMESTIC': [2191], 'POLICY': [2192, 2494], 'VOTES,': [2193], 'Southeastern': [2194, 2502], '77–110.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2000.tb00568.xNicholas': [2201], 'Zeppos': [2203], 'Reforming': [2204], 'Private': [2206], 'Legislature:': [2207], 'Maturation': [2209], 'Institute': [2214], 'Body,': [2218], '<html_ent': [2220], 'glyph="@amp;"': [2221], 'ascii="&"/>': [2222], '23,': [2225], '1998):': [2228, 2233], '657–666.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1998.tb00127.xPeter': [2229], 'Newman': [2230], 'S,': [2231], '395–559.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14286-6_4Lars': [2234], 'Kirchgaessner': [2238], 'Democracy:': [2244], 'Survey,': [2246], '1998).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.104679Edward': [2251], '1998).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.60926JAMES': [2265], 'HAMILTON': [2267], 'TAXES,': [2268], 'TORTS,': [2269], 'TOXICS': [2272], 'RELEASE': [2273], 'INVENTORY:': [2274], 'VOTING': [2276, 2497], 'INSTRUMENTS': [2278], 'TO': [2279], 'CONTROL': [2280], 'POLLUTION,': [2281], '35,': [2284], '1997):': [2287, 2303], '745–762.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1997.tb01961.xNoelie': [2288], 'Norton': [2290], 'Analyzing': [2291], 'Tools': [2294], 'Content,': [2296], 'Women': [2297], '17,': [2300], '47–69.https://doi.org/10.1300/J014v17n04_03Janet': [2304], 'Box-Steffensmeier,': [2306], 'Laura': [2307], 'Arnold,': [2309], 'Zorn': [2313], 'Timing': [2316], 'Position': [2318], 'Taking': [2319], 'Congress:': [2321], 'Study': [2323], 'North': [2326], 'Free': [2328], 'Agreement,': [2330], '91,': [2335], '324–338.https://doi.org/10.2307/2952359William': [2339], 'Leogrande,': [2341], 'Alana': [2342], 'Jeydel': [2344], 'Using': [2345], 'Presidential': [2346], 'Returns': [2348], 'To': [2349, 3425], 'Measure': [2350], '3–18.https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X9702500101': [2360], 'Taylor': [2363], 'Development': [2366], 'Washington,': [2371], '1947-1994,': [2372], 'Polity': [2373], '273–292.https://doi.org/10.2307/3235303Jan': [2378], 'Potters,': [2379], 'Randolph': [2380], 'Sloof': [2381], 'groups:': [2383], 'survey': [2385], 'models': [2388], 'that': [2389], 'try': [2390], 'assess': [2392], 'their': [2393, 2638, 3455], 'influence,': [2394], '12,': [2400, 3309], '1996):': [2403, 2440, 2468, 2489, 2524], '403–442.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(96)00008-0Arsene': [2404], 'Aka,': [2405], 'Reed,': [2408, 3234], 'Eric': [2410, 3236], 'Schansberg,': [2411], 'Zhen': [2412], 'Zhu': [2413], 'IS': [2414], 'THERE': [2415], '"CULTURE': [2417], 'SPENDING"': [2419], 'CONGRESS?,': [2421], '8,': [2425], '191–211.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1996.tb00127.xRainald': [2429], 'Borck': [2430], 'interest': [2433], 'groups,': [2434], '88,': [2437], '147–160.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130415Amy': [2441], 'Schmidt,': [2443], 'Lawrence': [2444, 2628], 'Kenny,': [2446, 2630], 'Rebecca': [2447, 2631], 'Morton': [2449, 2633, 3121, 3401], 'EVIDENCE': [2450], 'ELECTORAL': [2452], 'ACCOUNTABILITY': [2453], 'SENATE:': [2457], 'ARE': [2458], 'UNFAITHFUL': [2459], 'AGENTS': [2460], 'REALLY': [2461], 'PUNISHED?,': [2462], '545–567.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1996.tb01396.xBruce': [2469], 'Bender,': [2470], 'Lott': [2473], 'Legislator': [2474], 'voting': [2475, 2920, 3155, 3456], 'critical': [2479, 3176], 'literature,': [2483, 3185], '87,': [2486, 3134], '67–100.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00151730Valerie': [2490], 'IDEOLOGICAL': [2496], 'SENATE,': [2501], '24,': [2505], '21–53.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1996.tb00431.xCyril': [2509], 'Morong': [2510], 'Socio-economic': [2511], 'elements': [2512], 'research,': [2516], '559–569.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(96)90017-7': [2525], 'Crain': [2528, 2750], ',': [2529, 2890], 'Muris': [2533], '311–333.https://doi.org/10.1086/467334David': [2549], 'Brady,': [2550], 'Schwartz': [2553], 'voting:': [2559, 3026], 'politics': [2561], 'abortion': [2563], '1995):': [2573, 2600, 2645, 2679, 2700, 2718, 2744], '25–48.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047799THOMAS': [2574], 'GILLIGAN,': [2576], 'JOHN': [2577], 'MATSUSAKA': [2579], 'DEVIATIONS': [2580], 'FROM': [2581], 'CONSTITUENT': [2582], 'INTERESTS:': [2583], 'ROLE': [2585], 'POLITICAL': [2590], 'PARTIES': [2591], '383–401.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1995.tb01870.x': [2601], 'Matsusaka': [2604], 'Initiative:': [2610], 'Last': [2614], '30': [2615], 'Years,': [2616], '587–623.https://doi.org/10.1086/261996Thomas': [2625], 'Husted,': [2627], 'errors': [2635], 'assessing': [2637], 'Senators,': [2639], '83,': [2642, 2697], '251–271.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047746William': [2646], 'Moore,': [2648], 'Denise': [2649], 'Chachere,': [2651], 'Curtis,': [2654], 'Gordon': [2656], 'unions': [2661], 'corporations': [2663], 'COPE': [2665], 'votes': [2666], 'senate,': [2670], '1979–1988,': [2671], 'Labor': [2674, 2775], '203–221.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02685741Willem': [2680], 'Thorbecke,': [2681], 'Sarah': [2682], 'Matzelevich': [2683], 'Check': [2684], 'bouncing': [2685], 'fiscal': [2687], 'irresponsibility:': [2688], 'nonideological': [2691], 'shirking': [2692, 2784, 3090, 3184], 'legislators,': [2694], '59–64.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047683Laura': [2701], 'I.': [2702, 2868], 'Langbein': [2703, 2869], 'Defense': [2707], '35–55.https://doi.org/10.1080/07343469509507864Rune': [2719], 'Sørensen,': [2721], 'Terje': [2722], 'Hagen': [2724], 'Respond': [2728], "Citizens'": [2730], 'Demands?': [2731], 'Microanalysis': [2733], 'Norwegian': [2735], 'Scandinavian': [2738], '53–71.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.1995.tb00155.xDavid': [2745], 'Coker,': [2747], 'committees': [2752], 'loyalty-generating': [2754], 'institutions,': [2755], '81,': [2758, 2798], '1994):': [2761, 2780, 2801, 2826, 2848, 2866], '195–221.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01053230Susan': [2762], 'Schwochau': [2763], 'group': [2765], 'tactics': [2766], 'sector': [2769], 'labor': [2770], 'relations': [2771], 'policy,': [2772], '15,': [2777], '331–354.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02685702John': [2781], 'Carey': [2782], 'last': [2787, 3440], 'term': [2788], 'problem:': [2789], 'party-administered': [2793], 'pension': [2794], 'system,': [2795], '1–22.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01053263Stephan': [2802], 'Gohmann,': [2804], 'L.': [2806, 2953, 2994, 3039, 3173, 3417], 'Ohsfeldt': [2807], 'Abortion': [2814], 'Funding': [2815], 'Issues.,': [2816], 'Sociology': [2822], '455–474.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1994.tb02618.xSteven': [2827], 'Globerman,': [2828], 'Darryl': [2829], 'Kadonaga': [2830], 'differences': [2832], 'telephone': [2834], 'rate': [2835], 'structures': [2836], 'organization': [2839], 'business': [2841], 'subscribers,': [2842], '80,': [2845], '129–142.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047951Bruce': [2849], 'Bender': [2850], 'reexamination': [2852], 'principal-agent': [2855], 'relationship': [2856], 'politics,': [2858, 2986], '149–163.https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)90018-3Laura': [2867], 'PACs,': [2870], 'lobbies': [2871], 'conflict:': [2874], 'gun': [2878], 'control,': [2879], '77,': [2882, 2928, 2943], '1993):': [2885, 2931, 2946, 2978, 2992, 3012, 3037, 3061, 3079, 3102, 3118, 3148, 3168], '551–572.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047860': [2886], 'Keith': [2887], 'Poole': [2889], 'Howard': [2892, 3338], 'Rosenthal': [2893], 'Enduring': [2895], 'Nineteenth-Century': [2896], 'Battle': [2897], 'Regulation:': [2900], 'Interstate': [2902], 'Commerce': [2903], 'Act': [2904], 'Revisited,': [2905], '36,': [2912], '837–860.https://doi.org/10.1086/467299John': [2916], 'Hird': [2918], 'Superfund:': [2922], 'Self-interest': [2923], 'ideology?,': [2925], '333–357.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047874Keith': [2932], 'Poole,': [2934, 3140, 3337], 'Romer': [2936, 3142], '?shirking?,': [2938], 'representation,': [2940, 3146], '185–196.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049232Steven': [2947], 'Caudill,': [2949], 'Bae-Geun': [2950], 'Im,': [2951], 'Kaserman': [2954], 'Modeling': [2955], 'regulatory': [2956], 'behavior:': [2957], 'theory': [2960], 'regulation': [2962, 3272], 'alternative': [2964], 'theories': [2965], 'simple': [2967], 'rules': [2968], 'thumb,': [2970], 'Regulatory': [2973], '5,': [2975], '251–262.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01065953': [2979], 'Introduction:': [2980], '76,': [2989, 3009, 3034, 3058, 3076, 3099, 3115], '1–4.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049339Brian': [2993], 'Goff,': [2995], 'Kevin': [2996], 'Grier': [2998], '(mis)measurement': [3001], 'ideology': [3004], 'shirking,': [3006, 3112], '5–20.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049340Rodney': [3013], 'Fort,': [3014], 'Hallagan,': [3016], 'Cyril': [3017], 'Morong,': [3018], 'Tesa': [3019], 'Stegner': [3020], 'component': [3023], 'Senate': [3025], 'Different': [3027], 'principles': [3028], 'different': [3030], 'principals?,': [3031], '39–57.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049342Edward': [3038], 'Lascher,': [3040], 'Steven': [3041], 'Kelman,': [3042], 'Kane': [3045], 'views,': [3047, 3204], 'pressure,': [3049], 'action': [3052], 'flag': [3054], 'burning,': [3055], '79–102.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049344Matthew': [3062], '1964?1984,': [3073], '103–123.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049345John': [3080], 'Lott,': [3082, 3171], 'Stephen': [3083], 'Bronars': [3085], 'Time': [3086], 'series': [3087], 'evidence': [3088], '125–149.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049346James': [3103], 'Kau,': [3105], 'Paul': [3106], 'Rubin': [3108, 3476], '151–172.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01049347Rebecca': [3119], 'Incomplete': [3122], 'Platform': [3128], 'Divergence,': [3129], '382–392.https://doi.org/10.2307/2939048Keith': [3138], '"shirking",': [3144], '185–196.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3402-8_19Stephen': [3149], 'V.': [3150], 'Marks': [3151], 'omnibus': [3158], 'trade': [3159], 'bill': [3160], '1987,': [3162], '75,': [3165], '21–42.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01053879John': [3169], 'Davis': [3174, 3418], 'extension': [3180], '74,': [3188, 3207], '1992):': [3191, 3210, 3231, 3251], '461–484.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00137690E.': [3192], 'Pasour': [3194], 'Economists': [3195], 'conventional': [3203], '153–167.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00140764Mark': [3211], 'Zupan': [3213, 3287, 3361, 3438], 'Measuring': [3214], 'preferences': [3217], 'presidents:': [3220], 'proposed': [3222], '(extremely': [3223], 'simple)': [3224], 'method,': [3225], '73,': [3228, 3248], '351–361.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00140927W.': [3232], 'Schansberg': [3237], 'tenure': [3242], 'time:': [3244], '1953?1991,': [3245], '183–203.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00145091Peter': [3252], 'Aranson': [3254], "Calhoun's": [3255], 'constitutional': [3256], 'economics,': [3257], 'Constitutional': [3258], '2,': [3261], '1991):': [3264, 3283, 3379, 3398, 3415], '31–52.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02393225Gustav': [3265], 'Feichtinger,': [3266], 'Franz': [3267], 'Wirl': [3268], 'Politico-economic': [3269], 'cycles': [3270], 'deregulation,': [3274], '469–485.https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(91)90032-X': [3284], 'Explanation': [3290], 'Existence': [3293], 'Nature': [3295], 'Ticket': [3298], 'Splitting,': [3299], 'no.2,': [3307], 'Part': [3308, 3310], '343–369.https://doi.org/10.1086/467228James': [3314], 'Vanbeek': [3316], 'Does': [3317], 'Decision': [3319], 'Retire': [3321], 'Increase': [3322], 'Amount': [3324], 'Shirking?,': [3327], '19,': [3331], '444–456.https://doi.org/10.1177/109114219101900405Keith': [3335], 'Rosenthal,': [3339], 'Kenneth': [3340], 'Koford': [3341], 'Dimensionalizing': [3343], '85,': [3355], '955–976.https://doi.org/10.2307/1963858Mark': [3359], 'LOCAL': [3362], 'BENEFIT-SEEKING': [3363], 'LEGISLATURE:': [3366], 'AN': [3367], 'INVESTIGATION': [3368], 'STAFFING': [3371], 'DECISIONS,': [3372], '3,': [3376], '163–176.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1991.tb00045.xJames': [3380], 'Lothian': [3382], 'factors': [3384], 'international': [3386], 'economics:': [3387], 'overview,': [3389], '10': [3396], 'S4–S15.https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(91)90044-KRebecca': [3399], 'inefficiency': [3406], '211–222.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00123848Michael': [3416], 'Why': [3419], 'is': [3420], 'there': [3421], 'seniority': [3423], 'system?': [3424], 'solve': [3426], 'agency': [3428], 'problem,': [3429], '66,': [3432], '1990):': [3435, 3463], '37–50.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00155643Mark': [3436], 'period': [3441], 'problem': [3442], 'politics:': [3444], 'representatives': [3447], 'subject': [3449], 'reelection': [3452], 'constraint': [3453], 'alter': [3454], 'behavior?,': [3457], '167–180.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00123797Mathew': [3464], '():': [3473, 3478], '123–147.https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25092-1_7Paul': [3474], '615–621.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-47828-4_117': [3479]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2035947598', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T01:22:36.635224', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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