Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2034781914', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00187a042', 'title': 'A Model Membrane Approach to the Epidermal Permeability Barrier', 'display_name': 'A Model Membrane Approach to the Epidermal Permeability Barrier', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2034781914', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00187a042', 'mag': '2034781914', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8204605'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00187a042', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S104038378', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'issn_l': '0006-2960', 'issn': ['0006-2960', '1520-4995', '1943-295X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044994470', 'display_name': 'Neil Kitson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Neil Kitson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040017067', 'display_name': 'Jenifer Thewalt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-3139'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jenifer Thewalt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102958199', 'display_name': 'Michel Lafleur', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-9803'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michel Lafleur', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113699850', 'display_name': 'Myer Bloom', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Myer Bloom', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.57, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 133, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.97521, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '33', 'issue': '21', 'first_page': '6707', 'last_page': '6715'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10407', 'display_name': 'Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10407', 'display_name': 'Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10721', 'display_name': 'Surfactants and Colloidal Systems', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10704', 'display_name': 'Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3003', 'display_name': 'Pharmaceutical Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/30', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lamellar-phase', 'display_name': 'Lamellar phase', 'score': 0.61158246}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sphingolipid', 'display_name': 'Sphingolipid', 'score': 0.41411006}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777851122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424213', 'display_name': 'Ceramide', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.87884307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61322309', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423143', 'display_name': 'Sphingomyelin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.825807}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77851909', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6481705', 'display_name': 'Lamellar structure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65713394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778918659', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186915', 'display_name': 'Phospholipid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.62212956}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177418412', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344920', 'display_name': 'Lamellar phase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61158246}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779936771', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209727', 'display_name': 'Palmitic acid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6102589}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.57379687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12554922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100', 'display_name': 'Biophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51182026}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120882062', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352', 'display_name': 'Permeability (electromagnetism)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5027189}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4975684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778163477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656', 'display_name': 'Cholesterol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49186087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778703144', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46298', 'display_name': 'Sphingosine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46582338}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61705674', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410395', 'display_name': 'Sphingolipid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41411006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C543025807', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476', 'display_name': 'Fatty acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3578756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34594744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33519632}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8010536', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398', 'display_name': 'Crystallography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3194298}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14762008}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190283241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311', 'display_name': 'Apoptosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008055', 'descriptor_name': 'Lipids', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012879', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002417', 'descriptor_name': 'Cattle', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006863', 'descriptor_name': 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008051', 'descriptor_name': 'Lipid Bilayers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008055', 'descriptor_name': 'Lipids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009682', 'descriptor_name': 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008954', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Biological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010539', 'descriptor_name': 'Permeability', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012869', 'descriptor_name': 'Skin Absorption', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013696', 'descriptor_name': 'Temperature', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00187a042', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S104038378', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'issn_l': '0006-2960', 'issn': ['0006-2960', '1520-4995', '1943-295X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8204605', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 50, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W184256200', 'https://openalex.org/W1964959394', 'https://openalex.org/W1966951904', 'https://openalex.org/W1967603731', 'https://openalex.org/W1980478162', 'https://openalex.org/W1993709743', 'https://openalex.org/W1998749590', 'https://openalex.org/W1999530265', 'https://openalex.org/W2000816449', 'https://openalex.org/W2005090658', 'https://openalex.org/W2020887846', 'https://openalex.org/W2021112387', 'https://openalex.org/W2026029590', 'https://openalex.org/W2027456066', 'https://openalex.org/W2032066103', 'https://openalex.org/W2034082744', 'https://openalex.org/W2041519933', 'https://openalex.org/W2045394201', 'https://openalex.org/W2048861627', 'https://openalex.org/W2055134616', 'https://openalex.org/W2055656322', 'https://openalex.org/W2059667505', 'https://openalex.org/W2060916590', 'https://openalex.org/W2061372560', 'https://openalex.org/W2065061795', 'https://openalex.org/W2068921992', 'https://openalex.org/W2077275014', 'https://openalex.org/W2078553150', 'https://openalex.org/W2079836992', 'https://openalex.org/W2081294927', 'https://openalex.org/W2083040823', 'https://openalex.org/W2087184140', 'https://openalex.org/W2088777382', 'https://openalex.org/W2089492660', 'https://openalex.org/W2091349796', 'https://openalex.org/W2093492236', 'https://openalex.org/W2108364101', 'https://openalex.org/W2113238328', 'https://openalex.org/W2115960347', 'https://openalex.org/W2149236646', 'https://openalex.org/W2149688394', 'https://openalex.org/W2151519197', 'https://openalex.org/W2159602788', 'https://openalex.org/W2163222405', 'https://openalex.org/W2165174590', 'https://openalex.org/W2165852855', 'https://openalex.org/W2172072775', 'https://openalex.org/W2317164129', 'https://openalex.org/W2419277797', 'https://openalex.org/W93286229'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W44964377', 'https://openalex.org/W4367313271', 'https://openalex.org/W3174382074', 'https://openalex.org/W3147242759', 'https://openalex.org/W2395155563', 'https://openalex.org/W2050123014', 'https://openalex.org/W2041622229', 'https://openalex.org/W1994930795', 'https://openalex.org/W1567111656', 'https://openalex.org/W140509832'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ADVERTISEMENT': [0], 'RETURN': [1], 'TO': [2], 'ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA': [3], 'Model': [4], 'Membrane': [5], 'Approach': [6], 'to': [7, 73, 78], 'the': [8, 48, 79, 84, 113, 124, 137, 140, 145, 152, 158], 'Epidermal': [9], 'Permeability': [10], 'BarrierNeil': [11], 'Kitson,': [12], 'Jenifer': [13], 'Thewalt,': [14], 'Michel': [15], 'Lafleur,': [16], 'and': [17, 61, 66, 95, 139, 156, 172, 174], 'Myer': [18], 'BloomCite': [19], 'this:': [20], 'Biochemistry': [21], '1994,': [22], '33,': [23], '21,': [24], '6707–6715Publication': [25], 'Date': [26], '(Print):May': [27], '1,': [28], '1994Publication': [29], 'History': [30], 'Published': [31], 'online1': [32], 'May': [33, 37], '2002Published': [34], 'inissue': [35], '1': [36], '1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00187a042https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00187a042research-articleACS': [38], 'PublicationsRequest': [39], 'reuse': [40], 'permissionsArticle': [41], 'Views242Altmetric-Citations105LEARN': [42], 'ABOUT': [43], 'THESE': [44], 'METRICSArticle': [45], 'Views': [46], 'are': [47, 70, 83], 'COUNTER-compliant': [49], 'sum': [50], 'of': [51, 86, 112], 'full': [52], 'text': [53], 'article': [54, 118], 'downloads': [55], 'since': [56], 'November': [57], '2008': [58], '(both': [59], 'PDF': [60], 'HTML)': [62], 'across': [63], 'all': [64], 'institutions': [65], 'individuals.': [67], 'These': [68], 'metrics': [69], 'regularly': [71], 'updated': [72, 96], 'reflect': [74], 'usage': [75], 'leading': [76], 'up': [77], 'last': [80], 'few': [81], 'days.Citations': [82], 'number': [85], 'other': [87], 'articles': [88], 'citing': [89], 'this': [90], 'article,': [91], 'calculated': [92], 'by': [93], 'Crossref': [94, 102], 'daily.': [97], 'Find': [98, 148], 'more': [99, 149], 'information': [100, 150], 'about': [101, 136], 'citation': [103], 'counts.The': [104], 'Altmetric': [105, 153], 'Attention': [106, 154], 'Score': [107, 155], 'is': [108, 160], 'a': [109, 116, 129], 'quantitative': [110], 'measure': [111], 'attention': [114], 'that': [115], 'research': [117], 'has': [119], 'received': [120], 'online.': [121], 'Clicking': [122], 'on': [123, 151], 'donut': [125], 'icon': [126], 'will': [127], 'load': [128], 'page': [130], 'at': [131], 'altmetric.com': [132], 'with': [133, 168], 'additional': [134], 'details': [135], 'score': [138, 159], 'social': [141], 'media': [142], 'presence': [143], 'for': [144], 'given': [146], 'article.': [147], 'how': [157], 'calculated.': [161], 'Share': [162, 177], 'Add': [163], 'toView': [164], 'InAdd': [165], 'Full': [166], 'Text': [167], 'ReferenceAdd': [169], 'Description': [170], 'ExportRISCitationCitation': [171], 'abstractCitation': [173], 'referencesMore': [175], 'Options': [176], 'onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked': [178], 'InRedditEmail': [179], 'Other': [180], 'access': [181], 'optionsGet': [182], 'e-Alertsclose': [183], 'Get': [184], 'e-Alerts': [185]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034781914', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 7}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T11:48:58.321877', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}