Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2033952602', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3121684', 'title': 'Handbook of Qualitative Research', 'display_name': 'Handbook of Qualitative Research', 'publication_year': 1994, 'publication_date': '1994-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2033952602', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3121684', 'mag': '2033952602'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3121684', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S93528005', 'display_name': 'British Journal of Educational Studies', 'issn_l': '0007-1005', 'issn': ['0007-1005', '1467-8527'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089101943', 'display_name': 'Gill Crozier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2927-0533'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gill Crozier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043467343', 'display_name': 'Norman K. Denzin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'N. Denzin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5027555740', 'display_name': 'Yvonna S. Lincoln', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Y. Lincoln', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 586.289, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 27833, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999959, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '42', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '409', 'last_page': '409'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11981', 'display_name': 'Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics', 'score': 0.0547, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11981', 'display_name': 'Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics', 'score': 0.0547, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12880', 'display_name': 'Qualitative Research Methods and Applications', 'score': 0.0452, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4255978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190248442', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486', 'display_name': 'Qualitative research', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4139842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3445453}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15551755}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2307/3121684', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S93528005', 'display_name': 'British Journal of Educational Studies', 'issn_l': '0007-1005', 'issn': ['0007-1005', '1467-8527'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5', 'display_name': 'Gender equality', 'score': 0.71}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2931662336', 'https://openalex.org/W2769102919', 'https://openalex.org/W2765597752', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2134894512', 'https://openalex.org/W2085372204', 'https://openalex.org/W2083375246', 'https://openalex.org/W2077865380', 'https://openalex.org/W2067108088', 'https://openalex.org/W2053487507'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Introduction': [0], '-': [1, 23, 47, 62, 73, 90, 104, 122, 131, 140, 149, 161, 175, 190, 195, 207, 215, 221, 231, 240, 255, 261, 269, 288, 303, 324, 330, 340, 355, 367, 375, 383, 388, 411, 425, 430, 439, 447, 458, 471, 485], 'Norman': [2, 426, 490], 'K': [3, 413, 417, 427, 491], 'Denzin': [4, 428, 492], 'and': [5, 11, 27, 35, 42, 51, 59, 68, 87, 94, 110, 114, 118, 128, 137, 144, 152, 158, 181, 202, 212, 225, 235, 246, 252, 264, 273, 291, 307, 321, 343, 352, 359, 364, 373, 415, 421, 475, 480, 489], 'Yvonna': [6, 91, 486], 'S': [7, 92, 487], 'Lincoln': [8, 93, 488], 'The': [9, 169, 286, 317, 402, 419, 482], 'Discipline': [10], 'Practice': [12, 220], 'of': [13, 171, 319, 404, 409, 423, 435, 494], 'Qualitative': [14, 21, 56, 71, 102, 115, 138, 159, 172, 188, 365, 456, 469], 'Research': [15, 46, 72, 116, 139, 160, 173, 189, 260, 268, 366, 382, 457], 'PART': [16, 77, 164, 277, 391, 462], 'ONE:': [17], 'LOCATING': [18], 'THE': [19, 393, 464], 'FIELD': [20], 'Methods': [22, 237, 329, 354], 'Arthur': [24, 344], 'J': [25, 49, 177, 477], 'Vidich': [26], 'Stanford': [28], 'M': [29, 197, 473], 'Lyman': [30], 'Their': [31], 'History': [32, 201, 245], 'in': [33, 70, 380, 406], 'Sociology': [34], 'Anthropology': [36], 'Reconstructing': [37], 'the': [38, 120, 247, 407, 452, 495], 'Relationships': [39], 'between': [40], 'Universities': [41], 'Society': [43], 'through': [44, 445], 'Action': [45, 259], 'Davydd': [48], 'Greenwood': [50], 'Morten': [52], 'Levin': [53], 'For': [54], 'Whom?': [55], 'Research,': [57], 'Representations': [58], 'Social': [60, 111, 443], 'Responsibilities': [61], 'Michelle': [63], 'Fine': [64], 'et': [65], 'al': [66], 'Ethics': [67], 'Politics': [69, 422], 'Clifford': [74], 'G': [75, 96, 242], 'Christians': [76], 'TWO:': [78], 'PARADIGMS': [79], 'AND': [80, 282, 395, 400], 'PERSPECTIVES': [81], 'IN': [82], 'TRANSITION': [83], 'Paradigmatic': [84], 'Controversies,': [85], 'Contradictions': [86], 'Emerging': [88], 'Confluences': [89], 'Egon': [95], 'Guba': [97], 'Three': [98], 'Epistemological': [99], 'Stances': [100], 'for': [101], 'Inquiry': [103, 436, 470], 'Thomas': [105], 'A': [106, 199, 227, 309, 369, 433], 'Schwandt': [107], 'Interpretivism,': [108], 'Hermeneutics': [109], 'Constructionism': [112], 'Feminisms': [113], 'at': [117], 'into': [119], 'Millennium': [121], 'Virginia': [123], 'L': [124, 142, 271], 'Olesen': [125], 'Racialized': [126], 'Discourses': [127], 'Ethnic': [129], 'Epistemologies': [130], 'Gloria': [132], 'Ladson-Billings': [133], 'Rethinking': [134, 301], 'Critical': [135], 'Theory': [136, 157, 230], 'Joe': [141], 'Kincheloe': [143], 'Peter': [145], 'McLaren': [146], 'Cultural': [147], 'Studies': [148, 206], 'John': [150, 256, 412], 'Frow': [151], 'Meaghan': [153], 'Morris': [154], 'Sexualities,': [155], 'Queer': [156], 'Joshua': [162], 'Gamson': [163], 'THREE:': [165], 'STRATEGIES': [166], 'OF': [167, 280, 397, 466], 'INQUIRY': [168], 'Choreography': [170], 'Design': [174], 'Valerie': [176], 'Janesick': [178], 'Minuets,': [179], 'Improvisations': [180], 'Crystallization': [182], 'An': [183], 'Untold': [184], 'Story?': [185], 'Doing': [186], 'Funded': [187], 'Julianne': [191], 'Cheek': [192], 'Performance': [193], 'Ethnography': [194, 211, 387], 'Michal': [196], 'McCall': [198], 'Brief': [200], 'Some': [203], 'Advice': [204], 'Case': [205], 'Robert': [208], 'E': [209], 'Stake': [210], 'Ethnographic': [213], 'Representation': [214], 'Barbara': [216], 'Tedlock': [217], 'Analyzing': [218, 371], 'Interpretive': [219], 'Jaber': [222], 'F': [223, 275], 'Gubrium': [224], 'James': [226, 292], 'Holstein': [228], 'Grounded': [229], 'Kathy': [232], 'Charmaz': [233], 'Objectivist': [234], 'Constructivist': [236], 'Undaunted': [238], 'Courage': [239], 'William': [241, 270], 'Tierney': [243], 'Life': [244], 'Postmodern': [248], 'Challenge': [249], 'Testimonio,': [250], 'Subalternity': [251], 'Narrative': [253], 'Authority': [254], 'Beverley': [257], 'Participatory': [258], 'Stephen': [262], 'Kemmis': [263], 'Robin': [265], 'McTaggart': [266], 'Clinical': [267], 'Miller': [272], 'Benjamin': [274], 'Crabtree': [276], 'FOUR:': [278], 'METHODS': [279], 'COLLECTING': [281], 'ANALYZING': [283], 'EMPIRICAL': [284], 'MATERIALS': [285], 'Interview': [287], 'Andrea': [289], 'Fontana': [290], 'H': [293, 360], 'Frey': [294], 'From': [295, 313], 'Structured': [296], 'Questions': [297], 'to': [298, 315, 334], 'Negotiated': [299], 'Text': [300, 374], 'Observation': [302], 'Michael': [304], 'V': [305], 'Angrosino': [306], 'Kimberly': [308], 'Mays': [310], 'de': [311], 'Perez': [312], 'Method': [314, 434], 'Context': [316], 'Interpretation': [318, 424], 'Documents': [320], 'Material': [322], 'Culture': [323], 'Ian': [325], 'Hodder': [326], 'Re-Imagining': [327], 'Visual': [328], 'Douglas': [331], 'Harper': [332], 'Galileo': [333], 'Neuromancer': [335], 'Auto-Ethnography,': [336], 'Personal': [337], 'Narrative,': [338], 'Reflexivity': [339], 'Carolyn': [341], 'Ellis': [342], 'P': [345], 'Bochner': [346], 'Researcher': [347], 'as': [348], 'Subject': [349], 'Data': [350], 'Management': [351], 'Analysis': [353], 'Gery': [356], 'W': [357], 'Ryan': [358], 'Russell': [361], 'Bernard': [362], 'Software': [363], 'Eben': [368], 'Weitzman': [370], 'Talk': [372], 'David': [376], 'Silverman': [377], 'Focus': [378], 'Groups': [379], 'Feminist': [381], 'Esther': [384], 'Madriz': [385], 'Applied': [386], 'Erve': [389], 'Chambers': [390], 'FIVE:': [392], 'ART': [394], 'PRACTICES': [396], 'INTERPRETATION,': [398], 'EVALUATION': [399], 'REPRESENTATION': [401], 'Problem': [403], 'Criteria': [405], 'Age': [408], 'Relativism': [410], 'Smith': [414], 'Deborah': [416], 'Deemer': [418], 'Practices': [420], 'Writing': [429], 'Laurel': [431], 'Richardson': [432], 'Anthropological': [437], 'Poetics': [438], 'Ivan': [440], 'Brady': [441], 'Understanding': [442], 'Programs': [444], 'Evaluation': [446], 'Jennifer': [448], 'C': [449, 460], 'Greene': [450], 'Influencing': [451], 'Policy': [453], 'Process': [454], 'with': [455], 'Ray': [459], 'Rist': [461], 'SIX:': [463], 'FUTURE': [465], 'QUALITATIVE': [467], 'RESEARCH': [468], 'Mary': [472], 'Gergen': [474, 478], 'Kenneth': [476], 'Tensions': [479], 'Transformations': [481], 'Seventh': [483], 'Moment': [484], 'Out': [493], 'Past': [496]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033952602', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 121}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 147}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 165}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 503}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 604}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 650}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 642}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 738}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 903}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1614}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2289}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2262}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2269}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T07:32:43.115865', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}