Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2033697823', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.430340109', 'title': "Alzheimer's disease: Tacrine and tacrine metabolite concentrations in plasma and cognitive change", 'display_name': "Alzheimer's disease: Tacrine and tacrine metabolite concentrations in plasma and cognitive change", 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2033697823', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.430340109', 'mag': '2033697823'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.430340109', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26306840', 'display_name': 'Drug Development Research', 'issn_l': '0272-4391', 'issn': ['0272-4391', '1098-2299'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000219240', 'display_name': 'Kenneth L. Davis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0044-7107'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rsv9s98', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kenneth L. Davis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Pharmacology, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pharmacology, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100854688', 'display_name': 'Ren‐Kui Yang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rsv9s98', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ren‐Kui Yang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076875466', 'display_name': 'Michael Davidson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-4578'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rsv9s98', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Davidson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037912275', 'display_name': 'Richard C. Mohs', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3765-6287'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rsv9s98', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard C. Mohs', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103764612', 'display_name': 'Theresa Ryan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rsv9s98', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Theresa M. Ryan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017340827', 'display_name': 'James Schmeidler', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-8984'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rsv9s98', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James Schmeidler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030210758', 'display_name': 'P. J. Knott', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1322918889', 'display_name': 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rsv9s98', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter J. Knott', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Neurobiology, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", "Department of Pharmacology, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pharmacology, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Neurobiology, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1322918889']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091679924', 'display_name': 'Leon J. Thal', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98704320', 'display_name': 'Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04a9tmd77', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320796813', 'https://openalex.org/I98704320']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I36258959', 'display_name': 'University of California, San Diego', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0168r3w48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I36258959']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Leon J. Thal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego', "The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, and the Division of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, and the Division of Psychiatry, Bronx Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Bronx, New York", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98704320']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I36258959']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063916688', 'display_name': 'Elkan Gamzu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210087032', 'display_name': 'Cambridge Scientific (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/001s4dh65', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087032']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Elkan R. Gamzu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Cambridge NeuroScience Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Cambridge NeuroScience Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087032']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3610, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3610, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.417, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.452599, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 65, 'max': 68}, 'biblio': {'volume': '34', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '55', 'last_page': '65'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10086', 'display_name': "Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease", 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10086', 'display_name': "Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease", 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13796', 'display_name': 'Neuroprotective Agents in Brain Injury and Diseases', 'score': 0.9858, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2808', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12023', 'display_name': 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'score': 0.9842, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2736', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tacrine', 'display_name': 'Tacrine', 'score': 0.99902636}, {'id': "https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer's-disease", 'display_name': "Alzheimer's Disease", 'score': 0.532334}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779046751', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421076', 'display_name': 'Tacrine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.99902636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777477808', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407595', 'display_name': 'Metabolite', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5824057}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502032728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081', 'display_name': "Alzheimer's disease", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5344144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4557185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4326071}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39140913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38021564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.26492518}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17563432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12526298}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778816929', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679', 'display_name': 'Acetylcholinesterase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.04203555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.430340109', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S26306840', 'display_name': 'Drug Development Research', 'issn_l': '0272-4391', 'issn': ['0272-4391', '1098-2299'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.51}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 35, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W10553127', 'https://openalex.org/W1718995988', 'https://openalex.org/W1847168837', 'https://openalex.org/W1953027527', 'https://openalex.org/W1968627689', 'https://openalex.org/W1972300483', 'https://openalex.org/W1975886348', 'https://openalex.org/W1976506000', 'https://openalex.org/W1980228597', 'https://openalex.org/W1991865398', 'https://openalex.org/W2003612836', 'https://openalex.org/W2006529919', 'https://openalex.org/W2007413146', 'https://openalex.org/W2010648577', 'https://openalex.org/W2019613742', 'https://openalex.org/W2020961258', 'https://openalex.org/W2022915643', 'https://openalex.org/W2030007923', 'https://openalex.org/W2045417460', 'https://openalex.org/W2051398024', 'https://openalex.org/W2053946163', 'https://openalex.org/W2061664301', 'https://openalex.org/W2061883053', 'https://openalex.org/W2086002199', 'https://openalex.org/W2087293229', 'https://openalex.org/W2156220037', 'https://openalex.org/W2314133009', 'https://openalex.org/W2398237601', 'https://openalex.org/W2407766199', 'https://openalex.org/W2411045520', 'https://openalex.org/W2438058786', 'https://openalex.org/W2464068509', 'https://openalex.org/W3090293687', 'https://openalex.org/W4232629811', 'https://openalex.org/W4318443594'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2522128647', 'https://openalex.org/W2204740171', 'https://openalex.org/W2178327831', 'https://openalex.org/W2091642883', 'https://openalex.org/W2076052464', 'https://openalex.org/W2062159889', 'https://openalex.org/W2057154307', 'https://openalex.org/W2033697823', 'https://openalex.org/W1999012519', 'https://openalex.org/W1973449292'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'In': [1, 152], 'a': [2, 33], 'clinical': [3], 'trial': [4], 'of': [5, 25, 41, 60, 74, 80, 90, 100, 109, 116, 122, 138, 162], 'tacrine': [6, 61, 110, 139], 'in': [7, 112, 171], 'patients': [8, 154], 'with': [9, 38, 56, 87, 135, 155], "Alzheimer's": [10, 27, 117, 156], 'disease,': [11], 'improvement,': [12], 'measured': [13], 'by': [14], 'changes': [15, 73], 'on': [16, 44], 'both': [17], 'total': [18, 48], '(ADAST)': [19], 'and': [20, 49, 68, 144, 166, 186], 'the': [21, 26, 45, 50, 75, 81, 97, 107, 114, 125, 160], 'cognitive': [22, 51, 123], 'sub‐component': [23], '(ADASC)': [24], 'Disease': [28], 'Assessment': [29], 'Scale': [30], '(ADAS)': [31], 'over': [32], '6‐week': [34], 'period,': [35], 'correlated': [36, 54, 86], 'significantly': [37, 55, 85, 134], 'plasma': [39, 88, 136, 150, 172], 'levels': [40, 89], 'tacrine.': [42, 91], 'Change': [43], 'ADAS': [46, 82], '(both': [47], 'subcomponent)': [52], 'also': [53], 'three': [57], 'monohydroxylated': [58], 'metabolites': [59, 102, 146], '1,': [62], 'hydroxy‐tacrine': [63, 66, 70], '(1‐OH‐THA),': [64], '2,': [65], '(2‐OH‐THA),': [67], '4,': [69], '(4‐OH‐THA).': [71], 'However,': [72], 'relatively': [76], 'small': [77], 'non‐cognitive': [78], 'component': [79], 'were': [83, 103], 'not': [84, 132], 'Multiple': [92], 'correlational': [93], 'analysis': [94], 'revealed': [95], 'that': [96, 168], 'combined': [98], 'influences': [99], 'these': [101, 145], 'no': [104], 'greater': [105], 'than': [106], 'effects': [108], 'alone': [111], 'ameliorating': [113], 'symptoms': [115], 'disease.': [118], 'An': [119], 'alternative': [120], 'measure': [121], 'performance,': [124], 'Mini': [126], 'Mental': [127], 'State': [128], 'Exam': [129], '(MMSE)': [130], 'did': [131], 'correlate': [133], 'concentrations': [137], 'or': [140], 'its': [141], 'metabolites.': [142], 'Tacrine': [143], 'are': [147], 'bound': [148], 'to': [149, 175], 'proteins.': [151], '10': [153], 'disease': [157], 'receiving': [158], 'tacrine,': [159, 163], 'percentage': [161], '1‐OH‐THA,': [164], '2‐OH‐THA,': [165], '4‐OH‐THA,': [167], 'was': [169, 173], 'free': [170], 'found': [174], 'be': [176], '19.7': [177], '±': [178, 181, 184, 188, 191], '3.3,': [179], '51.3': [180], '7.7,': [182], '40.7': [183], '6.9,': [185], '42.4': [187], '6.3': [189], '(mean': [190], 'SD),': [192], 'respectively.': [193], '©': [194], 'Wiley‐Liss,': [195], 'Inc.': [196]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033697823', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-08-21T15:42:49.041991', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}