Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2032471568', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114410083', 'title': "Fokker–Planck description of wealth dynamics and the origin of Pareto's law", 'display_name': "Fokker–Planck description of wealth dynamics and the origin of Pareto's law", 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-03-27', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2032471568', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114410083', 'mag': '2032471568'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114410083', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S142835798', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Modern Physics C', 'issn_l': '0129-1831', 'issn': ['0129-1831', '1793-6586'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319815', 'host_organization_name': 'World Scientific', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319815'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['World Scientific'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.6851', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079200063', 'display_name': 'Bruce M. Boghosian', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3040-3399'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1283104182', 'display_name': 'Pearson (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02naadr48', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1283104182', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088969']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I121934306', 'display_name': 'Tufts University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05wvpxv85', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I121934306']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Bruce Boghosian', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Mathematics, Bromfield-Pearson Hall, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Mathematics, Bromfield-Pearson Hall, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1283104182', 'https://openalex.org/I121934306']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5079200063'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1283104182', 'https://openalex.org/I121934306'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.088, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 15, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.959273, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '25', 'issue': '12', 'first_page': '1441008', 'last_page': '1441008'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11270', 'display_name': 'Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11270', 'display_name': 'Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis', 'score': 0.9978, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11520', 'display_name': 'Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics', 'score': 0.9611, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12592', 'display_name': 'Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence', 'score': 0.9575, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/wealth-distribution', 'display_name': 'Wealth Distribution', 'score': 0.80139506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/redistribution', 'display_name': 'Redistribution', 'score': 0.6186909}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution-of-wealth', 'display_name': 'Distribution of wealth', 'score': 0.52044326}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992390665', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415386', 'display_name': 'Wealth distribution', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.80139506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137635306', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667', 'display_name': 'Pareto principle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71763957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74080474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975', 'display_name': 'Redistribution (election)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6186909}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C69123182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891766', 'display_name': 'Fokker–Planck equation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61493766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110458093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155757', 'display_name': 'Redistribution of income and wealth', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5994185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C190373308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837683', 'display_name': 'Pareto distribution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5901978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144237770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534', 'display_name': 'Mathematical economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55476445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.53409594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778096659', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415386', 'display_name': 'Distribution of wealth', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52044326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110121322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811', 'display_name': 'Distribution (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46885026}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18762648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213', 'display_name': 'Work (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44688624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121864883', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916', 'display_name': 'Statistical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43183875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166126730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725309', 'display_name': 'Planck', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41523296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3701249}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34861156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133425853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571', 'display_name': 'Neoclassical economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28049493}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26907477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15489236}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13477835}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45555294', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351', 'display_name': 'Inequality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.12696803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.121860474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78045399', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214', 'display_name': 'Differential equation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.102604866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06392747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.062429726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21547014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657', 'display_name': 'Operations management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162222271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871', 'display_name': 'Public good', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114410083', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S142835798', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Modern Physics C', 'issn_l': '0129-1831', 'issn': ['0129-1831', '1793-6586'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319815', 'host_organization_name': 'World Scientific', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319815'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['World Scientific'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/1407.6851', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.6851', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.6851', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.6851', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1407.6851', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/1407.6851', 'pdf_url': 'http://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.6851', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2032471568', 'https://openalex.org/W3103235402'], 'referenced_works_count': 10, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1504233874', 'https://openalex.org/W1532785581', 'https://openalex.org/W1534173741', 'https://openalex.org/W1575877217', 'https://openalex.org/W1784105272', 'https://openalex.org/W2017277760', 'https://openalex.org/W2049600089', 'https://openalex.org/W2065382414', 'https://openalex.org/W2072978290', 'https://openalex.org/W2085933430'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3147542680', 'https://openalex.org/W3125959278', 'https://openalex.org/W3124004394', 'https://openalex.org/W2701479', 'https://openalex.org/W2604745609', 'https://openalex.org/W2384558242', 'https://openalex.org/W2099545619', 'https://openalex.org/W2036135970', 'https://openalex.org/W2025222650', 'https://openalex.org/W1591141577'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'so-called': [1], '"Yard-Sale': [2], 'Model"': [3], 'of': [4, 18, 27, 38, 65, 70, 106], 'wealth': [5, 9, 26, 74, 86], 'distribution': [6, 64], 'posits': [7], 'that': [8, 55, 80, 88, 107], 'is': [10, 22, 110], 'transferred': [11], 'between': [12], 'economic': [13], 'agents': [14], 'as': [15], 'a': [16, 59, 71, 102], 'result': [17], 'transactions': [19], 'whose': [20], 'size': [21], 'proportional': [23], 'to': [24, 94], 'the': [25, 28, 41, 63, 68], 'less': [29], 'wealthy': [30], 'agent.': [31], 'In': [32, 99], 'recent': [33], 'work': [34], '[B.M.': [35], 'Boghosian,': [36], '"Kinetics': [37], 'Wealth': [39], 'and': [40], 'Pareto': [42], 'Law,"': [43], '{\\it': [44], 'Phys.': [45], 'Rev.': [46], 'E}': [47], '{\\bf': [48], '89}': [49], '(2014)': [50], '042804],': [51], 'it': [52, 76], 'was': [53, 77], 'shown': [54, 79], 'this': [56, 81, 100], 'results': [57, 83], 'in': [58, 84, 92], 'Fokker-Planck': [60, 108], 'equation': [61, 109], 'governing': [62], 'wealth.': [66], 'With': [67], 'addition': [69], 'mechanism': [72], 'for': [73], 'redistribution,': [75], 'further': [78], 'model': [82], 'stationary': [85], 'distributions': [87], 'are': [89], 'very': [90], 'similar': [91], 'form': [93], "Pareto's": [95], 'well': [96], 'known': [97], 'law.': [98], 'paper,': [101], 'much': [103], 'simpler': [104], 'derivation': [105], 'presented.': [111]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032471568', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-17T13:58:55.696119', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}