Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2032417894', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.06.002', 'title': 'Importance of P-glycoprotein at blood–tissue barriers', 'display_name': 'Importance of P-glycoprotein at blood–tissue barriers', 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-07-27', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2032417894', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.06.002', 'mag': '2032417894', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15276711'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.06.002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S31167473', 'display_name': 'Trends in Pharmacological Sciences', 'issn_l': '0165-6147', 'issn': ['0165-6147', '1873-3735'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030993480', 'display_name': 'Martin F. Fromm', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-7478'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181369854', 'display_name': 'Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00f7hpc57', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Martin F. Fromm', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5030993480'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181369854'], 'apc_list': {'value': 6830, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 6830, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.102, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 557, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998874, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '25', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '423', 'last_page': '429'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10570', 'display_name': 'Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10570', 'display_name': 'Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12229', 'display_name': 'Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies', 'score': 0.9945, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2735', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12460', 'display_name': 'Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments', 'score': 0.9814, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/p-glycoprotein', 'display_name': 'P-glycoprotein', 'score': 0.89921665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/efflux', 'display_name': 'Efflux', 'score': 0.5907391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/abcg2', 'display_name': 'Abcg2', 'score': 0.57491386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/excretory-system', 'display_name': 'Excretory system', 'score': 0.53610915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/xenobiotic', 'display_name': 'Xenobiotic', 'score': 0.5221696}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778707650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412902', 'display_name': 'P-glycoprotein', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.89921665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108625454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187126', 'display_name': 'Glycoprotein', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65480506}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776953305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1212935', 'display_name': 'Placenta', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.61490786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200082930', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327148', 'display_name': 'Efflux', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5907391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C512196', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650095', 'display_name': 'Abcg2', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.57491386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16527932', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112860', 'display_name': 'Excretory system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53610915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149011108', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652985', 'display_name': 'Transporter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.524619}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115448650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409205', 'display_name': 'Xenobiotic', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5221696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44312359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286958', 'display_name': 'ATP-binding cassette transporter', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5093478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5015888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46374142}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780091579', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377', 'display_name': 'Kidney', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41931167}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34243774}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.28941703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28818905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C172680121', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513', 'display_name': 'Fetus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.26653212}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114851261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416', 'display_name': 'Drug resistance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26314723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133936738', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643839', 'display_name': 'Multiple drug resistance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2484977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153911025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202', 'display_name': 'Molecular biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2284171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18484208}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779234561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995', 'display_name': 'Pregnancy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16451803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07146078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181199279', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047', 'display_name': 'Enzyme', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D020168', 'descriptor_name': 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010599', 'descriptor_name': 'Pharmacokinetics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020168', 'descriptor_name': 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020168', 'descriptor_name': 'ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001812', 'descriptor_name': 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001812', 'descriptor_name': 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001814', 'descriptor_name': 'Blood-Testis Barrier', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001814', 'descriptor_name': 'Blood-Testis Barrier', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007413', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007413', 'descriptor_name': 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007668', 'descriptor_name': 'Kidney', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007668', 'descriptor_name': 'Kidney', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008099', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004364', 'descriptor_name': 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004364', 'descriptor_name': 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010920', 'descriptor_name': 'Placenta', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010920', 'descriptor_name': 'Placenta', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.06.002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S31167473', 'display_name': 'Trends in Pharmacological Sciences', 'issn_l': '0165-6147', 'issn': ['0165-6147', '1873-3735'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15276711', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.84, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 83, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1545401674', 'https://openalex.org/W1560709301', 'https://openalex.org/W1816838412', 'https://openalex.org/W1853241466', 'https://openalex.org/W1882605343', 'https://openalex.org/W189220689', 'https://openalex.org/W1903734838', 'https://openalex.org/W1964470226', 'https://openalex.org/W1965129145', 'https://openalex.org/W1967278221', 'https://openalex.org/W1967913742', 'https://openalex.org/W1968535758', 'https://openalex.org/W1968650353', 'https://openalex.org/W1971182486', 'https://openalex.org/W1977235697', 'https://openalex.org/W1979946819', 'https://openalex.org/W1984251825', 'https://openalex.org/W1984820569', 'https://openalex.org/W1989108550', 'https://openalex.org/W1995006058', 'https://openalex.org/W1997211805', 'https://openalex.org/W2006434892', 'https://openalex.org/W2008825099', 'https://openalex.org/W2017411996', 'https://openalex.org/W2021759214', 'https://openalex.org/W2022470615', 'https://openalex.org/W2022545732', 'https://openalex.org/W2028533496', 'https://openalex.org/W2034335509', 'https://openalex.org/W2037472613', 'https://openalex.org/W2048992861', 'https://openalex.org/W2049520769', 'https://openalex.org/W2054458932', 'https://openalex.org/W2055437362', 'https://openalex.org/W2056080810', 'https://openalex.org/W2057755081', 'https://openalex.org/W2058344808', 'https://openalex.org/W2058928933', 'https://openalex.org/W2060382789', 'https://openalex.org/W2063017874', 'https://openalex.org/W2063248963', 'https://openalex.org/W2063288921', 'https://openalex.org/W2066919313', 'https://openalex.org/W2067797700', 'https://openalex.org/W2068865770', 'https://openalex.org/W2076025389', 'https://openalex.org/W2077510533', 'https://openalex.org/W2078512011', 'https://openalex.org/W2079551453', 'https://openalex.org/W2083418897', 'https://openalex.org/W2084462922', 'https://openalex.org/W2087530953', 'https://openalex.org/W2089468994', 'https://openalex.org/W2090632754', 'https://openalex.org/W2093105834', 'https://openalex.org/W2095060296', 'https://openalex.org/W2098938825', 'https://openalex.org/W2099651827', 'https://openalex.org/W2101610746', 'https://openalex.org/W2102276800', 'https://openalex.org/W2107260421', 'https://openalex.org/W2109189857', 'https://openalex.org/W2112001901', 'https://openalex.org/W2117927958', 'https://openalex.org/W2117944128', 'https://openalex.org/W2118342649', 'https://openalex.org/W2123002505', 'https://openalex.org/W2127645257', 'https://openalex.org/W2131403498', 'https://openalex.org/W2136564762', 'https://openalex.org/W2138748407', 'https://openalex.org/W2139121124', 'https://openalex.org/W2143600899', 'https://openalex.org/W2156321359', 'https://openalex.org/W2163636362', 'https://openalex.org/W2170376158', 'https://openalex.org/W2465154258', 'https://openalex.org/W2512454832', 'https://openalex.org/W4232195096', 'https://openalex.org/W4243771827', 'https://openalex.org/W4249152566', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W47219713'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3174071806', 'https://openalex.org/W2977303957', 'https://openalex.org/W2802365483', 'https://openalex.org/W2329161702', 'https://openalex.org/W2172258081', 'https://openalex.org/W2128741424', 'https://openalex.org/W2125074900', 'https://openalex.org/W2048083250', 'https://openalex.org/W2029638992', 'https://openalex.org/W1997730952'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032417894', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 40}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-22T07:56:18.006997', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}