Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2032313559', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00872086', 'title': 'Business ethics: Restrictive or empowering?', 'display_name': 'Business ethics: Restrictive or empowering?', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2032313559', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00872086', 'mag': '2032313559'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00872086', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S76633192', 'display_name': 'Journal of Business Ethics', 'issn_l': '0167-4544', 'issn': ['0167-4544', '1573-0697'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5098253650', 'display_name': 'Bj�rn Kjonstad', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-7609'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28407311', 'display_name': 'University of Manchester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027m9bs27', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Bj�rn Kjonstad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Manchester School of Management — UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Manchester School of Management — UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059628895', 'display_name': 'Hugh Willmott', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-7041'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28407311', 'display_name': 'University of Manchester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027m9bs27', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hugh Willmott', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Manchester School of Management — UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Manchester School of Management — UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2690, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 3390, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.767, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 115, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.972851, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '14', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '445', 'last_page': '464'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11058', 'display_name': 'Ethical Decision Making in Organizations', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1802', 'display_name': 'Information Systems and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11058', 'display_name': 'Ethical Decision Making in Organizations', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1802', 'display_name': 'Information Systems and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10344', 'display_name': 'Institutional Theory and Organizational Change', 'score': 0.9833, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1407', 'display_name': 'Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12393', 'display_name': 'Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance', 'score': 0.9534, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3317', 'display_name': 'Demography'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-decision-making', 'display_name': 'Ethical Decision Making', 'score': 0.551619}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/business-ethics', 'display_name': 'Business Ethics', 'score': 0.545111}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-ethics', 'display_name': 'Corporate Ethics', 'score': 0.527004}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-logics', 'display_name': 'Institutional Logics', 'score': 0.503938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-theory', 'display_name': 'Leadership Theory', 'score': 0.500497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-ethics', 'display_name': 'Normative ethics', 'score': 0.47011366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-ethics', 'display_name': 'Applied ethics', 'score': 0.46840876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.430962}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4306678', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194783', 'display_name': "Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.92239785}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119232533', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873451', 'display_name': 'Business ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8588345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780876879', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749', 'display_name': 'Meaning (existential)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63652676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.56010157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198626708', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321845', 'display_name': 'Normative ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47011366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59377095', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538733', 'display_name': 'Applied ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46840876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93474598', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662553', 'display_name': 'Information ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4575206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139621336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382', 'display_name': 'Economic Justice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4425499}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.430962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778091340', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15749950', 'display_name': 'Quality of Life Research', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42611402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C122980154', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555', 'display_name': 'Feeling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42335257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178125196', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3275362', 'display_name': 'Nursing ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41299987}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197549326', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56003', 'display_name': 'Meta-ethics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4118582}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9158031', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6909140', 'display_name': 'Moral reasoning', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.38092896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55587333', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029', 'display_name': 'Engineering ethics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36571172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32670385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.26917252}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26215488}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39549134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080', 'display_name': 'Public relations', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.25025177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.22187698}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15986198}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138816342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603', 'display_name': 'Public health', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159110408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176', 'display_name': 'Nursing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00872086', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S76633192', 'display_name': 'Journal of Business Ethics', 'issn_l': '0167-4544', 'issn': ['0167-4544', '1573-0697'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.59}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 62, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1606920762', 'https://openalex.org/W1653227145', 'https://openalex.org/W183173049', 'https://openalex.org/W1964451805', 'https://openalex.org/W1964543437', 'https://openalex.org/W1976795116', 'https://openalex.org/W1984166235', 'https://openalex.org/W1991121241', 'https://openalex.org/W1992181060', 'https://openalex.org/W1995669717', 'https://openalex.org/W1996891824', 'https://openalex.org/W2000240933', 'https://openalex.org/W2002440273', 'https://openalex.org/W2002980628', 'https://openalex.org/W2012170929', 'https://openalex.org/W2022318033', 'https://openalex.org/W2028088963', 'https://openalex.org/W2031263275', 'https://openalex.org/W2031430631', 'https://openalex.org/W2041421877', 'https://openalex.org/W2050799906', 'https://openalex.org/W2053016190', 'https://openalex.org/W2053336106', 'https://openalex.org/W2061182905', 'https://openalex.org/W2069582246', 'https://openalex.org/W2069986910', 'https://openalex.org/W2076049437', 'https://openalex.org/W2082507057', 'https://openalex.org/W2083161577', 'https://openalex.org/W2084737593', 'https://openalex.org/W2092816094', 'https://openalex.org/W2101465123', 'https://openalex.org/W2104588740', 'https://openalex.org/W2111078461', 'https://openalex.org/W2113446703', 'https://openalex.org/W2114307781', 'https://openalex.org/W2140600059', 'https://openalex.org/W2170904360', 'https://openalex.org/W2318735428', 'https://openalex.org/W2323421687', 'https://openalex.org/W2329709050', 'https://openalex.org/W2411246643', 'https://openalex.org/W2478387368', 'https://openalex.org/W2479057293', 'https://openalex.org/W2492572670', 'https://openalex.org/W2499598147', 'https://openalex.org/W2528887138', 'https://openalex.org/W2589457972', 'https://openalex.org/W2891167737', 'https://openalex.org/W2907464245', 'https://openalex.org/W4213439731', 'https://openalex.org/W4243596866', 'https://openalex.org/W4244403318', 'https://openalex.org/W4297081765', 'https://openalex.org/W4299566092', 'https://openalex.org/W575494935', 'https://openalex.org/W599945267', 'https://openalex.org/W629448014', 'https://openalex.org/W640579992', 'https://openalex.org/W641556268', 'https://openalex.org/W782643331', 'https://openalex.org/W974258491'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4287934672', 'https://openalex.org/W3172135204', 'https://openalex.org/W3145544010', 'https://openalex.org/W2601440488', 'https://openalex.org/W2531347617', 'https://openalex.org/W2388468845', 'https://openalex.org/W2383338029', 'https://openalex.org/W2373606247', 'https://openalex.org/W2367798832', 'https://openalex.org/W1992906615'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032313559', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-15T06:20:20.660656', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}