Atypical Protein Kinase C ι Protects Human Leukemia Cells against Drug-induced Apoptosis

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Nicole R. Murray; Alan P. Fields
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3198, 3282, 3355, 3462, 3497, 3510, 3538, 3567, 3588], 'were': [50, 273, 1179, 1263, 1433, 1450, 1478, 1492, 1513, 1526, 1603, 1629, 1666, 1711, 1797, 3138, 3473], 'stably': [51, 274, 2430], 'transfected': [52, 275, 1434, 2202, 2431], 'with': [53, 144, 276, 367, 997, 1299, 1435, 1445, 1713, 1719, 1755, 1765, 1921, 2063, 2203, 2434, 2452, 2460, 2490, 2700, 2755, 3140, 3173, 3186, 3280, 3475, 3540, 3557, 3620], 'expression': [54, 81, 168, 277, 304, 391, 691, 1041, 1281, 1483, 1497, 1907, 2081, 2435, 2514, 2533, 2554, 2635, 2710, 2820, 2885, 2938, 2972, 2985, 3256, 3369, 3522, 3635, 4235], 'plasmids': [55, 278, 2436], 'containing': [56, 279, 1233, 1437, 1677, 2437], 'cDNA': [58, 281, 1346, 1399, 1443, 2208, 2440, 2453, 4321], 'sense': [64, 287, 1389, 1429, 2447], 'or': [65, 70, 78, 288, 293, 301, 551, 566, 582, 612, 1239, 1440, 1444, 2258, 2313, 2448, 2451, 2477, 2499, 2519, 2574, 2631, 2953, 3003, 3121, 3467, 3500, 3711], 'antisense': [66, 289, 1046, 1391, 2449, 2632, 2680, 2705, 2935, 3253, 3293], 'orientation': [67, 290, 2450], 'to': [68, 99, 124, 136, 157, 160, 171, 291, 322, 347, 359, 380, 383, 394, 739, 901, 908, 1011, 1108, 1137, 1186, 1194, 1303, 1387, 1507, 1518, 1550, 1558, 1593, 1608, 1697, 1746, 1899, 1954, 1981, 2049, 2070, 2078, 2092, 2249, 2421, 2558, 2686, 2712, 2840, 2963, 3026, 3077, 3082, 3131, 3145, 3231, 3245, 3271, 3274, 3299, 3302, 3330, 3508, 3646, 3830, 4102, 4113, 4123], 'increase': [69, 292], 'decrease': [71, 294], 'levels,': [75, 298], 'respectively.': [76, 299, 1393, 1624], 'Overexpression': [77, 152, 174, 300, 375, 397, 3266], 'inhibition': [79, 164, 302, 387, 2633, 2706, 2714, 2936, 3254, 3294, 3367], 'had': [85, 308, 2526, 2639], 'no': [86, 182, 309, 405, 1124, 2402, 2527, 3334, 3524], 'significant': [87, 310, 2641], 'effect': [88, 188, 311, 411, 2528, 2642, 2931, 3248, 3314, 3526, 3600], 'on': [89, 312, 609, 1919, 2529, 2643, 2942, 3226, 3260, 3527, 3601, 4132], 'proliferative': [91, 314, 999, 2835], 'capacity': [92, 315, 2836], 'nor': [96, 319], 'their': [97, 320, 2387, 3129], 'sensitivity': [98, 321, 907, 3130, 3301], 'phorbol': [100, 323, 465, 489, 913, 3709], 'myristate': [101, 324, 466, 490, 914], 'acetate-induced': [102, 325], 'cytostasis': [103, 326, 904, 1188, 1866, 2758, 2787, 2842, 2924, 2944, 2965, 3002], 'megakaryocytic': [105, 328, 1190, 1284, 2760, 2946, 2975, 3004], 'differentiation,': [106, 329, 1868], 'suggesting': [107, 330, 683, 2650, 2915], 'that': [108, 186, 201, 331, 409, 424, 510, 617, 629, 795, 1053, 1117, 1131, 1143, 1156, 1814, 1976, 2058, 2215, 2337, 2395, 2466, 2651, 2658, 2670, 2785, 2916, 2991, 3148, 3238, 3384, 3517, 3631, 3758, 3844, 4068, 4089, 4234], 'does': [111, 334, 2303, 2994], 'not': [112, 335, 2304, 2556, 2660, 2995, 3392, 3531, 3702, 3706], 'a': [114, 204, 214, 337, 427, 437, 498, 518, 684, 1273, 1698, 1800, 1957, 2139, 2191, 2251, 2271, 2276, 2640, 2830, 2997, 3013, 3154, 3174, 3236, 3596, 3640, 3652, 3662, 3831, 3999, 4072], 'critical': [115, 338, 3848, 4073], 'these': [118, 341, 790, 854, 865, 1002, 1900, 2105, 2333, 2467, 2524, 2691, 3227], 'processes.': [119, 342], 'Rather,': [120, 343], 'serves': [123, 346], 'protect': [125, 348], 'against': [128, 197, 208, 351, 420, 431, 1049, 1515, 1555, 1605, 1925, 2099], 'drug-induced': [129, 352, 1138, 3020, 3647], 'apoptosis.': [130, 173, 353, 396, 1139, 3021, 3133, 3396, 3648], 'which': [133, 356, 1912, 2704, 4119, 4280], 'are': [134, 357, 511, 607, 633, 2659, 2693, 3024, 3168, 3184, 3391, 3618, 3701, 3705], 'resistant': [135, 358, 3025], 'most': [137, 360], 'apoptotic': [138, 209, 361, 432, 3028, 3418, 3433, 3599, 3608, 4085], 'agents,': [139, 362], 'undergo': [140, 363, 1187, 3078], 'apoptosis': [141, 162, 364, 385, 3079, 3150, 3165, 3262, 3304, 3339, 3357, 3375, 3416, 4242, 4249], 'when': [142, 365, 1006, 1038, 2164, 2308, 2488, 3166, 3278], 'treated': [143, 366, 3139, 3169, 3474, 3539], 'protein': [146, 369, 455, 479, 508, 3084], 'phosphatase': [147, 370, 3085], 'inhibitor': [148, 371, 3086], 'okadaic': [149, 372, 469, 493, 1234], 'acid': [150, 373, 1235], '(OA).': [151, 374], 'leads': [156, 379, 900, 3270, 3298], 'increased': [158, 381, 906, 2195, 2289, 2819, 2838, 2952, 3300, 3466], 'resistance': [159, 382, 3273], 'OA-induced': [161, 172, 384, 395, 3132, 3194, 3261, 3275, 3303, 3338, 3395], 'whereas': [163, 386, 2377, 3366], 'sensitizes': [169, 392], 'related': [177, 400, 505, 3324], 'ζ': [180, 403, 1111, 1398, 1442, 1568, 1595, 1620, 1917, 1932, 1983, 2037, 2053, 2094, 2136, 2163, 2180, 2226, 2230, 2239, 2307, 2318, 2342, 2373, 2381, 2503, 2521, 2553, 3329, 4320, 4325], 'has': [181, 404, 1977], 'protective': [183, 206, 406, 429, 3313, 3386], 'effect,': [184, 407], 'demonstrating': [185, 408, 1052, 2326], 'isotype-specific.': [190, 413], 'also': [193, 416, 2189, 2217, 2890, 2920, 3352], 'protects': [194, 417, 3353], 'taxol-induced': [198, 421, 3374], 'apoptosis,': [199, 422, 3402], 'indicating': [200, 423, 2214, 3516], 'it': [202, 425, 792, 1054, 2216], 'plays': [203, 426, 1146, 3012, 4071], 'general': [205, 428], 'stimuli.': [210, 433], 'These': [211, 434, 605, 2066, 2988, 3182, 3381, 3616, 3659, 3824], 'data': [212, 435, 3624, 4066], 'support': [213, 436, 2687, 3628], 'survival.': [222, 445, 3840, 4230], '1The': [450, 474], 'abbreviations': [451, 475], 'used': [452, 476, 2048, 2344], 'are:': [453, 477], 'PKC,': [454, 478, 1911], 'C;': [457, 481], 'nPKC,': [458, 482], 'novel': [459, 483, 565], 'PKC;': [460, 463, 484, 487], 'aPKC,': [461, 485], 'PMA,': [464, 488], 'acetate;': [467, 491], 'OA,': [468, 492, 3235, 3515], 'acid;': [470, 494], 'gpIIIa/IIb,': [471, 495], 'glycophorin': [472, 496, 1288], 'IIIa/IIb.': [473], 'IIIa/IIb.is': [497], 'family': [499, 542], 'at': [501, 1225, 1241, 1668, 1687, 1705, 2790], 'least': [502, 2791], '12': [503], 'structurally': [504], 'phospholipid-dependent': [506], 'serine/threonine': [507], 'kinases': [509], 'directly': [512], 'involved': [513, 891, 1862, 2622, 4096], 'transmission': [516], 'wide': [519], 'variety': [520], 'extracellular': [522], 'signals': [523], '(1Clemens': [524], 'M.J.': [525, 3436], 'Trayner': [526], 'I.': [527, 647, 3858], 'Menaya': [528], 'J.': [529, 530, 658, 674, 705, 724, 757, 777, 835, 876, 925, 1021, 1069, 1207, 1317, 1465, 1537, 1579, 1780, 1847, 1885, 1941, 1998, 2017, 2120, 2357, 2607, 2727, 2770, 2805, 2851, 2903, 3102, 3213, 3442, 3574, 3686, 3727, 3784, 3809, 3815, 3874, 3889, 3899, 3900, 3939, 3943, 3944, 3969, 3985, 4020, 4045, 4049, 4161, 4165, 4187, 4189], 'Cell': [531, 659, 706, 1318, 1326, 1709, 3065, 4266], 'Sci.': [532, 956, 1319, 4210], '1992;': [533, 661, 1320, 1582, 3878], '103:': [534], '881-887Crossref': [535], 'PubMed': [536, 600, 664, 678, 711, 733, 766, 786, 844, 885, 934, 963, 1030, 1078, 1216, 1323, 1474, 1546, 1588, 1659, 1791, 1856, 1894, 1950, 2007, 2026, 2129, 2366, 2616, 2736, 2779, 2814, 2860, 2912, 3111, 3222, 3455, 3583, 3695, 3736, 3793, 3819, 3881, 3909, 3955, 3989, 4031, 4059, 4175, 4196, 4217], 'Google': [537, 603, 667, 681, 714, 734, 767, 787, 845, 886, 935, 966, 1031, 1079, 1217, 1324, 1475, 1547, 1589, 1662, 1794, 1857, 1895, 1951, 2008, 2027, 2130, 2367, 2617, 2737, 2780, 2815, 2861, 2913, 3049, 3071, 3112, 3223, 3447, 3458, 3584, 3696, 3737, 3794, 3822, 3884, 3910, 3958, 3992, 4034, 4062, 4178, 4197, 4220, 4272], 'Scholar).': [538, 604, 788, 846, 887, 988, 1032, 1080, 1218, 1325, 1476, 1548, 1590, 1663, 1795, 1858, 1896, 1952, 2028, 2738, 2781, 2816, 2883, 3113, 3224, 3459, 3585, 3738, 3823, 3911, 3993, 4063], 'The': [539, 690, 847, 1341, 1394, 1721, 2884, 3312, 3493, 4231], 'enzyme': [541], 'can': [543, 3074, 3762], 'be': [544, 1160, 3075, 3763, 4095, 4111, 4289], 'divided': [545], 'into': [546, 1371, 1418], 'three': [547], 'subgroups:': [548], 'calcium-dependent': [550, 1817, 3703], 'cPKCs': [552], '(alpha': [553], '(α),': [554], 'beta': [555, 558], 'I': [556], '(βI),': [557], 'II': [559], '(βII),': [560], 'gamma': [562], '(γ));': [563], 'nPKCs': [567], '(delta': [568], '(δ),': [569], 'epsilon': [570], '(ε),': [571], 'eta': [572], '(η),': [573], 'theta': [574], '(θ),': [575], 'mu': [577], '(μ));': [578], 'aPKCs': [583], '(zeta': [584], '(ζ),': [585], 'iota': [586], '(ι),': [587], 'lambda': [589], '(λ))': [590], '(reviewed': [591], 'Ref.': [593], '2Nishizuka': [594], 'Y.': [595, 717, 754, 1642, 2014, 3062, 3973, 4328], 'Nature.': [596, 3451], '1988;': [597, 727, 760], '334:': [598], '661-665Crossref': [599], 'Scopus': [601, 665, 679, 712, 964, 1660, 1792, 3456, 3820, 3882, 3956, 3990, 4032, 4060, 4176, 4218], '(3532)': [602], 'groupings': [606], 'based': [608, 1918], 'presence': [611, 3606, 4083], 'absence': [613, 3513], 'functional': [615, 1833, 2424], 'domains': [616], 'confer': [618], 'isotype-specific': [619, 1106, 1502, 2090, 2224], 'co-factor': [620], 'activator': [622], 'requirements.': [623], 'Biochemical': [624], 'immunologic': [626], 'studies': [627, 2348, 3756, 3913, 4109, 4129], 'indicate': [628, 1142, 2990, 3757, 4088], 'multiple': [630, 1380], 'isotypes': [632, 695, 797, 851, 1260, 1819, 2085, 2106, 4093], 'expressed': [634, 852, 1097, 1820, 2309, 2412, 2678], 'virtually': [636], 'all': [637, 1338], 'tissue': [640, 747], 'types': [641, 748, 4104], '(3Wetsel': [642], 'W.C.': [643], 'Khan': [644], 'W.A.': [645], 'Merchenthaler': [646], 'Rivera': [648], 'H.': [649, 670, 721, 3779], 'Halpern': [650], 'A.E.': [651], 'Phung': [652], 'H.M.': [653, 3097, 3208], 'Negro-Vilar': [654], 'A.': [655, 959, 3868, 3981, 4200, 4213], 'Hannun': [656], 'Y.A.': [657], 'Biol.': [660, 707, 725, 758, 778, 836, 877, 926, 1022, 1070, 1208, 1466, 1538, 1580, 1781, 1848, 1886, 1942, 1999, 2018, 2121, 2358, 2608, 2728, 2771, 2806, 2852, 2904, 3103, 3214, 3575, 3687, 3728, 3785, 3877, 3901, 3945, 4021, 4192], '117:': [662], '121-133Crossref': [663], '(393)': [666], 'Scholar,': [668, 715, 768, 936, 967, 2862, 3050, 3448, 3885, 3959, 4035, 4179, 4198], '4Hug': [669], 'Sarre': [671], 'T.F.': [672], 'Biochem.': [673], '1993;': [675, 780, 838, 879, 928, 1024, 1072, 1210, 1468, 1540, 1850, 1888, 1944, 2020, 2123, 2360, 2610, 2730, 2773, 2808, 2854, 2906, 3787], '291:': [676], '329-343Crossref': [677], '(1217)': [680], 'Scholar),': [682, 2131, 2618, 2914, 3795, 4221], 'universal': [685], 'individual': [693], 'developmentally': [697], 'regulated': [698], '(5Saxon': [699], 'M.L.': [700, 1314], 'Zhao': [701], 'X.': [702], 'Black': [703], 'J.D.': [704], '1994;': [708, 1656, 2001, 3046, 3105, 3216, 3689, 3730, 3903, 4269], '126:': [709], '747-763Crossref': [710], '(120)': [713], '6Yoshida': [716], 'Huang': [718, 722, 1641, 3061], 'F.L.': [719], 'Nakabayshi': [720], 'K.-P.': [723], 'Chem.': [726, 759, 779, 837, 878, 927, 1023, 1071, 1209, 1467, 1539, 1581, 1782, 1849, 1887, 1943, 2000, 2019, 2122, 2359, 2609, 2729, 2772, 2807, 2853, 2905, 3104, 3215, 3576, 3688, 3729, 3786, 3902, 3946, 4022], '263:': [728, 761], '9868-9873Abstract': [729], 'Full': [730, 763, 783, 841, 882, 931, 1027, 1075, 1213, 1471, 1543, 1585, 1786, 1788, 1853, 1891, 1947, 2004, 2023, 2126, 2363, 2613, 2733, 2776, 2811, 2857, 2909, 3108, 3219, 3580, 3692, 3733, 3790, 3906, 3950, 3952, 4026, 4028, 4054, 4056, 4170, 4172], 'Text': [731, 764, 784, 842, 883, 932, 1028, 1076, 1214, 1472, 1544, 1586, 1787, 1789, 1854, 1892, 1948, 2005, 2024, 2127, 2364, 2614, 2734, 2777, 2812, 2858, 2910, 3109, 3220, 3581, 3693, 3734, 3791, 3907, 3951, 3953, 4027, 4029, 4055, 4057, 4171, 4173], 'PDF': [732, 765, 785, 843, 884, 933, 1029, 1077, 1215, 1473, 1545, 1587, 1790, 1855, 1893, 1949, 2006, 2025, 2128, 2365, 2615, 2735, 2778, 2813, 2859, 2911, 3110, 3221, 3582, 3694, 3735, 3792, 3908, 3954, 4030, 4058, 4174], 'Scholar)': [735, 2368, 3072, 3697, 4273], 'responsive': [738], 'state': [742, 1000], 'many': [744, 3027, 4103], '(7Makowske': [749], 'M.': [750, 942, 3805, 3933], 'Ballester': [751], 'R.': [752, 981, 2876, 3963], 'Cayre': [753], 'Rosen': [755], 'O.M.': [756], '3402-3410Abstract': [762], '8Murray': [769], 'N.R.': [770, 828, 869, 918, 969, 1014, 1062, 1200, 1458, 1530, 1840, 1878, 1934, 2113, 2350, 2600, 2720, 2763, 2798, 2844, 2864, 2896], 'Baumgardner': [771, 829, 870, 919, 1015, 1063, 1201, 1459, 1531, 1841, 1879, 1935, 2114, 2351, 2601, 2721, 2764, 2799, 2845, 2897], 'G.P.': [772, 830, 871, 920, 1016, 1064, 1202, 1460, 1532, 1842, 1880, 1936, 2115, 2352, 2602, 2722, 2765, 2800, 2846, 2898], 'Burns': [773, 831, 872, 921, 1017, 1065, 1203, 1461, 1533, 1573, 1843, 1881, 1937, 2116, 2353, 2603, 2723, 2766, 2801, 2847, 2899], 'D.J.': [774, 832, 873, 922, 1018, 1066, 1204, 1462, 1534, 1844, 1882, 1938, 2117, 2354, 2604, 2724, 2767, 2802, 2848, 2900], 'Fields': [775, 833, 874, 923, 972, 1019, 1067, 1205, 1315, 1463, 1535, 1778, 1845, 1883, 1939, 2118, 2355, 2605, 2725, 2768, 2803, 2849, 2867, 2901], 'A.P.': [776, 834, 875, 924, 973, 1020, 1068, 1206, 1316, 1464, 1536, 1779, 1846, 1884, 1940, 2119, 2356, 2606, 2726, 2769, 2804, 2850, 2868, 2902], '268:': [781, 839, 880, 929, 1025, 1073, 1211, 1469, 1541, 1851, 1889, 1945, 2021, 2124, 2361, 2611, 2731, 2774, 2809, 2855, 2907, 3788], '15847-15853Abstract': [782, 840, 881, 930, 1026, 1074, 1212, 1470, 1542, 1852, 1890, 1946, 2125, 2362, 2612, 2732, 2775, 2810, 2856, 2908], 'For': [789, 2426], 'reasons,': [791], 'thought': [794], 'fulfill': [798], 'distinct,': [799], 'nonredundant': [800], 'functions': [801, 2654, 3835], 'within': [802, 1378, 1612], 'cell.': [804], 'have': [810, 3523, 3827, 3914], 'provided': [811, 1348, 1401], 'direct': [812, 3525], 'evidence': [813], 'isotype': [816, 1096, 1482, 1496, 1524, 1961, 2411], 'specific': [817, 1506, 3393, 4116], 'function': [818, 1090, 4226], 'control': [821, 1446, 2491, 2969, 3281, 3410, 3461, 3509, 3534], 'proliferation': [824, 1035, 1060, 1266, 1876, 2626, 2645, 2718, 3853], '(8Murray': [827, 868, 917, 1013, 1061, 1199, 1457, 1529, 1839, 1877, 1933, 2112, 2349, 2599, 2719, 2762, 2797, 2843, 2895], 'two': [848, 1816, 1901], 'conventional': [849], 'βII': [860, 995, 1040, 1512, 1871, 2539, 2598, 2709], 'processes': [867], 'overexpression': [896, 2630, 2825, 2933, 3251, 3321, 3348], 'gene': [902, 2831], 'dose-dependent': [903, 2832, 3164], 'differentiating': [909], 'agents': [910, 1169, 3029], 'such': [911], 'as': [912, 1196, 1306, 1454, 1486, 1634, 1773, 1915, 2416, 2966, 3151, 3699], 'acetate': [915], '(PMA)': [916], '9Melloni': [937], 'E.': [938, 3864, 3893], 'Pontremoli': [939], 'S.': [940, 958, 1638, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1997, 3041, 3052, 3677, 3679, 3681, 3685, 3718, 3720, 3722, 3726, 3895, 3937, 3965, 3975, 3979, 3983, 4041, 4157, 4202, 4206, 4212, 4257], 'Michetti': [941], 'Sacco': [943], 'O.': [944], 'Cakiroglu': [945], 'A.G.': [946], 'Jackson': [947], 'J.F.': [948, 3101, 3212, 3573], 'Rifkind': [949], 'R.A.': [950], 'Marks': [951], 'P.A.': [952, 1572], 'Proc.': [953, 4207], 'Natl.': [954, 4208], 'Acad.': [955, 4209], 'U.': [957, 4211], '1987;': [960], '84:': [961], '5282-5286Crossref': [962], '(83)': [965], '10Murray': [968, 2863], 'Thompson': [970, 2865], 'L.T.': [971, 1777, 2866], 'Parker': [974, 2869], 'P.J.': [975, 2870], 'Dekker': [976, 2871], 'L.V.': [977, 2872], 'Kinase': [979, 2874], 'C.': [980, 1576, 1644, 2012, 2875, 3039, 3058, 4013], 'G.': [982, 1650, 2877, 3054, 3056, 3803], 'Landes': [983, 2878], 'Press,': [984, 2879], 'Austin,': [985, 2880], 'TX1997:': [986, 2881], '97-120Google': [987, 2882], 'contrast,': [990, 2222, 3292, 3587], 'levels': [992, 2483, 2563, 2955, 3332, 3469, 3502, 3591], 'correlate': [996], 'being': [1004], 'lost': [1005], 'differentiate': [1008], 'response': [1010, 1193, 3081, 4101], 'PMA': [1012, 1195, 2756, 2817, 2893], 'Furthermore,': [1033, 2391, 2971], 'blocked': [1037], 'specifically': [1043, 3768], 'inhibited': [1044, 2575, 3122], 'by': [1045, 1268, 1279, 1291, 1330, 1349, 1402, 1484, 1498, 1753, 1763, 2794, 2892, 2980, 3153, 3359, 3423, 3563, 3708, 3765, 3775, 3797, 3800, 4279], 'oligonucleotides': [1047], 'directed': [1048], 'βII,': [1051, 1830, 2702], 'present': [1083, 4065], 'identify': [1086], 'determine': [1088], 'third': [1093], 'major': [1094], 'ι.': [1104, 2065, 2220, 2331], 'Using': [1105], 'antibodies': [1107, 1592, 2091, 2385], 'demonstrate': [1116, 1130, 2394, 3383, 4067], 'express': [1120, 2398, 2470], 'ι,': [1122, 1623, 2097, 2376, 2400, 2418, 2486, 2579], 'but': [1123, 2247, 2401, 3073, 3241], 'detectable': [1125, 2403], 'ζ.': [1127, 2405, 2457], 'We': [1128, 2739, 2782, 3006, 4291], 'further': [1129], 'regulates': [1134], 'susceptibility': [1136, 2839, 2962, 3645], 'Our': [1140, 4064], 'results': [1141, 2334, 2393, 2692, 2989, 3183, 3382, 3617], 'an': [1147, 1161, 1909, 1922, 2223, 3398, 4275], 'survival': [1153, 3018, 4006, 4099], 'suggest': [1155, 3998], 'may': [1159, 2061, 2919, 4094, 4288], 'attractive': [1162], 'target': [1163], 'development': [1165], 'new': [1167], 'chemotherapeutic': [1168], 'treatment': [1172, 2894], 'leukemia.': [1174], 'Human': [1175], 'erythroleukemia': [1176], '(K562)': [1177], 'maintained': [1180, 1453], 'suspension': [1182], 'culture': [1183], 'induced': [1185, 1221, 2891, 3076, 3358, 3562, 4247], 'described': [1197, 1307, 1455, 1487, 1635, 1774], 'previously': [1198, 1308, 1456, 1528, 1636, 1775, 2111, 2784], 'Apoptosis': [1219], 'was': [1220, 1277, 1328, 1335, 1360, 1406, 1553, 1695, 1724, 1744, 1761, 1962, 2621, 2978, 3482, 3506], 'plated': [1224], '4': [1226, 3264, 3284, 3288, 3306, 3341, 3362, 3377, 3491, 3545, 3611, 4244], '×': [1227, 1670], '105': [1228], 'cells/ml': [1229], 'growth': [1231, 3921, 3925], 'medium': [1232], '(OA;': [1236], 'Alexis': [1237], 'Biochemicals)': [1238], 'taxol': [1240, 3360], 'concentrations': [1243, 3142], 'times': [1247], 'indicated': [1248], 'figure': [1251], 'legends.': [1252], 'Parental': [1253], 'transfectants': [1257, 1449, 1491, 2260, 2525], 'overexpressing': [1258, 2261, 2573, 3120], '(see': [1261], 'below)': [1262], 'monitored': [1264, 1278], 'rate': [1267, 2646], 'daily': [1269], 'counting': [1271], 'using': [1272, 1364, 1410, 1501, 1799, 1806, 2089, 3484], 'hemacytometer.': [1274], 'Megakaryocytic': [1275], 'assessing': [1280], 'surface': [1286], 'marker': [1287, 2976], 'IIIa/IIb': [1289], '(gpIIIa/IIb)': [1290], 'fluorescence': [1292], 'activated': [1293, 3707, 3764], 'sorting': [1295], 'stained': [1298], 'fluorescein-labeled': [1300], 'monoclonal': [1301], 'antibody': [1302, 1924, 2060, 2076, 2137, 2159, 2188, 2227, 2274, 2302, 2343, 2464], 'gpIIIa/IIb': [1304, 2977], '(Dako)': [1305], '(11Hocevar': [1309], 'B.A.': [1310], 'Morrow': [1311], 'D.M.': [1312], 'Tykocinski': [1313], '101:': [1321], '671-679Crossref': [1322], 'viability': [1327], 'determined': [1329, 1738, 1813, 2741, 3008, 3116], 'trypan': [1331], 'blue': [1332], 'exclusion': [1333], '>95%': [1336], 'untreated': [1339], 'cultures.': [1340], 'full-length': [1342, 1395, 2439], '(kindly': [1347, 1400], 'Dr.': [1350, 4293], 'T.': [1351, 4294], 'Biden,': [1352], 'Garvan': [1353], 'Institute': [1354, 4297], 'Biomedical': [1356], 'Research,': [1357, 4300], 'Sydney,': [1358, 4301], 'Australia)': [1359, 4302], 'excised': [1361, 1407], 'from': [1362, 1408, 2199, 2576, 2696, 3123, 3337, 3356], 'pAXNeoRX': [1363], '(5′)SalI': [1365], '(3′)': [1367, 1375, 1414, 1423], 'BamHI': [1368, 1376], 'cloned': [1370, 1417], '(5′)XhoI': [1373], 'sites': [1377, 1425], 'cloning': [1381], 'site': [1382], 'pREP4': [1384], 'pREP10': [1386, 1427], 'achieve': [1388], 'orientations,': [1392], 'Sphinx': [1403, 4311], 'Pharmaceutical': [1404, 4312], 'Co.)': [1405], 'pBluescript': [1409], '(5′)': [1411, 1420], 'SpeI': [1412], 'KpnI': [1415, 1424], 'NheI': [1421], 'orientation.': [1430], 'plasmid': [1436, 1447], 'selected': [1451], 'Transfectants': [1477], 'screened': [1479, 1493], 'immunoblotting': [1485], 'below.': [1488], 'immunoblot': [1499], 'analysis': [1500, 2459], 'antibodies.': [1504], 'Antibodies': [1505], 'produced': [1514, 1554], 'peptides': [1516, 1606], 'corresponding': [1517, 1557, 1607], 'carboxyl': [1520, 1560, 1927], 'terminus': [1521, 1561, 1616, 1928], 'each': [1523], 'characterized': [1527, 3422], 'Antibody': [1549], 'ζ/ι': [1552], 'peptide': [1556, 2046], '(amino': [1562], 'acids': [1563, 1610], '576–592)': [1564], 'rat': [1566, 1930, 2340], '(12Baldassare': [1569], 'J.J.': [1570], 'Henderson': [1571], 'D.': [1574, 3811], 'Loomis': [1575], 'Fisher': [1577], 'G.J.': [1578], '267:': [1583], '15585-15590Abstract': [1584], 'Isotype-specific': [1591], '(Santa': [1599], 'Cruz': [1600], 'Biotechnology,': [1601], 'Inc.)': [1602], 'generated': [1604, 2098, 3799], 'amino': [1609, 1615], '2–21': [1611], 'divergent': [1614, 2101], 'Following': [1625], 'drug': [1626], 'treatments,': [1627], 'harvested': [1630], 'DNA': [1632, 1736, 1759, 3157, 3243, 3276, 3407, 3420, 3487, 3528, 3602, 3622], 'isolated': [1633], '(13Ray': [1637], 'Ponnathpur': [1639], 'V.': [1640], 'Tang': [1643, 3057], 'Mahoney': [1645], 'M.E.': [1646], 'Ibrado': [1647, 3059], 'A.M.': [1648, 3060], 'Bullock': [1649, 3053], 'Bhalla': [1651, 3063], 'K.': [1652, 1985, 1987, 1995, 3064, 3673, 3675, 3683, 3714, 3716, 3724, 3813, 3961, 3971, 3977], 'Cancer': [1653], 'Chemother.': [1654], 'Pharmacol.': [1655, 3045], '34:': [1657], '365-371Crossref': [1658], '(57)': [1661], 'Briefly,': [1664], 'lysed': [1667], '1': [1669, 1732, 2152, 2170, 2182, 2210, 2241, 2267, 2295, 2320], '106': [1671], 'cells/100': [1672], 'μl': [1673], 'lysis': [1675], 'buffer': [1676], '0.5%': [1678], 'SDS': [1679], '0.2': [1681, 1701], 'mg/ml': [1682, 1702], 'proteinase': [1683], 'K': [1684], 'incubated': [1686, 1704], '50': [1688], '°C': [1689, 1707], '3': [1691, 2244, 2323, 3773], 'h.': [1692], 'RNase': [1693], 'A': [1694], 'added': [1696], 'concentration': [1699, 1737], '37': [1706], 'overnight.': [1708], 'lysates': [1710, 2150, 2198], 'extracted': [1712], 'phenol/chloroform': [1714], '(1:1,': [1715], 'v/v)': [1716], 'precipitated': [1718], 'ethanol.': [1720], 'dried': [1722], 'pellet': [1723], 'resuspended': [1725], '10': [1727, 3191], 'mm': [1728, 1733], 'Tris,': [1729], 'pH': [1730], '8.0,': [1731], 'EDTA': [1734], 'spectrophotometrically.': [1739], '2': [1740, 2495, 2505, 3548], 'μg': [1741], 'DNA/lane': [1743], 'subjected': [1745], 'electrophoresis': [1747], '1.5%': [1749], 'agarose': [1750], 'visualized': [1752, 3483], 'staining': [1754, 1764], 'ethidium': [1756], 'bromide.': [1757], 'Cellular': [1758], 'morphology': [1760, 3408, 3421, 3481, 3495, 3529], 'assessed': [1762, 2594], '4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole': [1766], '(DAPI)': [1767], 'observation': [1769], 'under': [1770], 'phase-fluorescence': [1771], 'optics': [1772], '(14Thompson': [1776], '1996;': [1783, 3068, 3947, 3986, 4023, 4051, 4167, 4193], '271:': [1784, 3948, 4024], '15045-15053Abstract': [1785], '(135)': [1793], 'Images': [1796], 'captured': [1798], 'Hamamatsu': [1801], 'video': [1802], 'camera': [1803], 'processed': [1805], 'Photoshop': [1807], '5.0.': [1808], 'previous': [1810, 2347, 2698], 'studies,': [1811], 'physiology': [1838], 'induction': [1864], 'while': [1869], 'addition': [1898], 'classical': [1902], 'isotypes,': [1904], 'detected': [1906], 'identified': [1914, 1963, 2407, 4147], 'immunoreactivity': [1920], 'antipeptide': [1923], 'Subsequent': [1953], 'our': [1955, 2346, 2392, 2697], 'second': [1958, 3825], 'cloned,': [1965], 'termed': [1966], 'λ': [1968], 'mouse': [1970, 3855], 'human,': [1975], 'high': [1978], 'sequence': [1979], 'homology': [1980, 2043], '(15Akimoto': [1984, 3672, 3713], 'Mizuno': [1986, 3674, 3715, 3976], 'Osada': [1988, 3676, 3717, 3974], 'Hirai': [1990, 3678, 3719, 3978], 'Tanuma': [1992, 3680, 3721], 'Suzuki': [1994, 3682, 3723], 'Ohno': [1996, 3684, 3725, 3982], '269:': [2002, 3106, 3217, 3690, 3731, 3904], '12677-12683Abstract': [2003, 3691, 3732], 'Scholar,16Selbie': [2009], 'L.A.': [2010], 'Schmitz-Peiffer': [2011], 'Sheng': [2013], 'Biden': [2015, 4295], 'T.J.': [2016], '24296-24302Abstract': [2022], 'Comparison': [2029], 'carboxyl-terminal': [2032, 2339], 'regions': [2033, 2103], 'reveals': [2041], 'extensive': [2042], 'region': [2047], 'generate': [2050], 'antibody,': [2054, 4326], 'raising': [2055], 'possibility': [2057], 'cross-react': [2062], 'findings': [2067, 2699], 'led': [2068, 2711], 'us': [2069], 'test': [2071], 'specificity': [2073, 2328], 'reexamine': [2079], 'amino-terminal': [2102, 2379], '(Fig.': [2107, 2151, 2169, 2181, 2209, 2240, 2294, 2319, 2494, 2504, 2540, 3263, 3283, 3305, 3340, 3361, 3376, 3490, 3544, 3610, 3625], '1).': [2108, 2155], 'As': [2109, 3397], 'observed': [2110], 'COOH-terminal': [2133], 'anti-rat': [2134, 4323], 'recognizes': [2138, 2160, 2218, 2228, 2275, 2369], 'single': [2140], 'band': [2141, 2193, 2252, 2278], 'molecular': [2143], 'mass': [2144], '74': [2145], 'kDa': [2146], 'A,': [2153, 2171, 2183, 2211, 2474, 2480, 2496, 2506], 'lane': [2154, 2172, 2184, 2212, 2284, 2297, 2475, 2481, 2497, 2507, 3364, 3379], 'addition,': [2157, 3995], 'overexpressed': [2165, 2231], '3)': [2173, 2482], 'purified': [2175, 2237], 'recombinant': [2176, 2236, 2314], 'baculovirus-expressed': [2177, 2315], '4).': [2185, 2508], 'However': [2186], 'recognized': [2190], '74-kDa': [2192, 2277], 'intensity': [2196, 2287], '2),': [2213], 'B,': [2242, 2265, 3285, 3307, 3342], 'lanes': [2243, 2266, 2322, 3287, 3309, 3344], '4)': [2246], 'fails': [2248], 'recognize': [2250, 2305, 2386], 'either': [2254, 2446, 2471], 'parental': [2255, 3135], '(Fig.1': [2264, 2282], '2).': [2269, 2298, 3290], 'Conversely,': [2270], 'ι-specific': [2273, 2463], 'C,': [2283, 2296, 2321, 3363, 3378], '1)': [2285, 2498], 'whose': [2286], 'ι-overexpressing': [2292, 3537], 'This': [2299], '4),': [2325, 3365], 'its': [2327, 2423, 4125], 'From': [2332], 'conclude': [2336], 'both': [2370], 'respective': [2388], 'antigens': [2389], 'specifically.': [2390], 'Having': [2406, 2568], 'wished': [2420], 'evaluate': [2422], 'role.': [2425], 'purpose,': [2428], 'Immunoblot': [2458], 'demonstrated': [2465, 2783], 'lines': [2469, 2571], 'enhanced': [2472, 3272, 3499], '(Fig.2': [2473, 2479], '2)': [2476], 'reduced': [2478, 3501, 3590], 'respectively,': [2487], 'compared': [2489, 3279], 'vector-transfected': [2492], 'those': [2500, 3464, 3769], 'expressing': [2501, 2577, 2951, 3124, 3465, 3498, 3589], 'Importantly,': [2509], 'changes': [2511, 2547, 2560, 2981, 3518], 'level': [2515, 2531, 2674, 3633], 'seen': [2522], '2,': [2541], 'B': [2542], 'C).': [2544, 2987], 'Therefore,': [2545, 2927, 3114, 3460], 'do': [2555], 'lead': [2557], 'compensatory': [2559], 'other': [2565], 'isotypes.': [2567], 'established': [2569], 'selectively': [2572], 'next': [2581, 2740, 3007, 3404], 'investigated': [2582], 'First,': [2592, 3134], 'whether,': [2595], 'like': [2596], '(Fig.3': [2627, 2948, 2986], 'A).': [2628, 3161], 'Neither': [2629], 'signaling': [2656], 'pathways': [2657, 4117], 'rate-limiting': [2661], 'normal': [2663], 'It': [2667], 'possible': [2669], 'very': [2672], 'low': [2673], 'sufficient': [2685], 'proliferation;': [2689], 'however,': [2690], 'clearly': [2694], 'dramatic': [2713], 'whether': [2742, 3009, 3117], 'differentiation.': [2750, 2926, 3005], 'Treatment': [2751], 'induces': [2757, 2818, 3163], 'PMA-induced': [2786, 2841, 2923, 2943, 2964, 3001], 'mediated,': [2789], 'part,': [2793], 'α,': [2823], 'confers': [2829], 'reduction': [2833], 'participate': [2921], 'evaluated': [2929], 'B).': [2949, 3265], 'Cells': [2950, 3414], 'decreased': [2954, 3468], 'showed': [2959], 'same': [2961], 'carrying': [2968], 'vector.': [2970], 'unaffected': [2979], 'determinant': [2998, 3642], '(17Ritke': [3030], 'M.K.': [3031], 'Rusnak': [3032], 'J.M.': [3033], 'Lazo': [3034], 'J.S.': [3035], 'Allan': [3036], 'W.P.': [3037], 'Dive': [3038], 'Heer': [3040], 'Yalowich': [3042], 'J.C.': [3043], 'Mol.': [3044, 3875, 4190], '46:': [3047], '605-611PubMed': [3048], '18Ray': [3051], 'Nunez': [3055], 'Growth': [3066, 4267], 'Diff.': [3067, 4268], '7:': [3069], '1617-1623PubMed': [3070], 'OA': [3087, 3144, 3162, 3478, 3543, 3564], '(19Zheng': [3088, 3199], 'B.': [3089, 3200, 3569], 'Chambers': [3090, 3201], 'T.C.': [3091, 3202], 'Raynor': [3092, 3203], 'R.L.': [3093, 3204], 'Markham': [3094, 3205], 'P.N.': [3095, 3206], 'Gebel': [3096, 3207], 'Vogler': [3098, 3209], 'W.R.': [3099, 3210], 'Kuo': [3100, 3211, 3572], '12332-12338Abstract': [3107, 3218], 'differ': [3127], 'increasing': [3141], 'establish': [3146], 'conditions': [3147], 'induce': [3149], 'measured': [3152], 'standard': [3155], 'interchromosomal': [3156], 'fragmentation': [3158, 3277, 3623], 'assay': [3159], '(Fig.4': [3160], '24': [3171], 'h,': [3172], 'maximal': [3175], 'effective': [3176], 'dose': [3177, 3237], 'about': [3179, 3743], '45': [3180], 'nm.': [3181], 'consistent': [3185, 3556, 3619], 'reported': [3188], 'IC50': [3189], 'nm': [3192, 3234, 3477, 3542], 'cytotoxicity': [3195], 'Based': [3225], 'data,': [3228], 'chose': [3230], 'use': [3232], '30': [3233, 3476, 3541], 'gave': [3239, 3333], 'demonstrable,': [3240], 'submaximal,': [3242], 'fragmentation,': [3244], 'selective': [3250], 'compare': [3286, 3308, 3343], '8': [3310], 'and2).': [3311, 3346], 'isotype-selective,': [3319], 'since': [3320], 'isotype,': [3327], 'similar': [3331], 'demonstrable': [3335], 'protection': [3336], '6': [3345], 'Interestingly,': [3347], 'enhances': [3373], '6).': [3380], 'effects': [3387], 'independent': [3399], 'measure': [3400], 'examined': [3405], 'nuclear': [3406, 3419, 3428, 3480, 3494], 'OA-treated': [3412], 'cells.': [3413], 'undergoing': [3415], 'exhibit': [3417, 3595], 'highly': [3424], 'condensed': [3425], 'chromosomal': [3426, 3554], 'masses,': [3427], 'swelling,': [3429], 'formation': [3431], 'bodies': [3434, 3609], '(20Arends': [3435], 'Morris': [3437], 'R.G.': [3438], 'Wyllie': [3439], 'A.H.': [3440, 3450], 'Am.': [3441], 'Pathol.': [3443], '1990;': [3444], '136:': [3445], '593-608PubMed': [3446], '21Wyllie': [3449], '1980;': [3452], '284:': [3453], '555-556Crossref': [3454], '(4146)': [3457], 'fluorescent': [3486], 'dye': [3488], 'DAPI': [3489], 'D).': [3492], 'identical': [3507], '(data': [3530], 'shown).': [3532], 'However,': [3533], 'D,': [3546, 3612], 'panels': [3547], '3,': [3550], 'respectively)': [3551], 'displayed': [3552], 'mitotic': [3553, 3560], 'condensation,': [3555], 'known': [3559, 3742], 'arrest': [3561], '(22Zheng': [3568], 'Woo': [3570], 'C.F.': [3571], '1991;': [3577], '266:': [3578], '10031-10034Abstract': [3579], 'more': [3597], 'pronounced': [3598], 'morphology,': [3603], 'including': [3604, 3836, 4138], 'panel': [3613], '4,': [3614], 'arrowhead).': [3615], '3),': [3626], 'conclusion': [3630], 'key': [3641], 'member': [3653], 'subfamily.': [3658], 'enzymes': [3660], 'lack': [3661], 'calcium-binding': [3663], 'domain': [3664], 'contain': [3666], 'only': [3667], 'one': [3668], 'cysteine-rich': [3669], 'zinc': [3670], 'finger': [3671], 'and,': [3698], 'such,': [3700], 'esters': [3710], 'diacylglycerol': [3712], 'Relatively': [3739], 'little': [3740], 'vivo': [3746], 'activators': [3747], 'cofactor': [3749], 'requirements': [3750], 'PKCs.': [3754], 'Recent': [3755], 'PKCs': [3761], 'phosphatidylinositol': [3766, 3776, 4139], 'phosphates,': [3767], 'phosphorylated': [3770], 'position': [3774], '3-kinase': [3777], '(23Nakanishi': [3778], 'Breuer': [3780], 'K.A.': [3781], 'Exton': [3782], 'J.H.': [3783], '13-16Abstract': [3789], 'ceramide': [3798], 'sphingomyelinase': [3801], '(24Mueller': [3802], 'Ayoub': [3804], 'Storz': [3806], 'P.': [3807, 4043, 4159, 4185], 'Rennecke': [3808], 'Fabbro': [3810], 'Pfizenmaier': [3812], 'EMBO': [3814, 3984], '1995;': [3816], '14:': [3817], '1961-1969Crossref': [3818], '(469)': [3821], 'messengers': [3826], 'been': [3828], 'linked': [3829], 'number': [3832], 'mitogenesis': [3837], 'Early': [3841], 'reports': [3842, 3997], 'suggested': [3843], 'λ/ι': [3846, 3917, 4003], 'forXenopus': [3849], 'maturation': [3850], 'fibroblasts': [3856], '(25Dominguez': [3857], 'Diaz-Meco': [3859, 3940], 'M.T.': [3860, 3887, 3941, 4037, 4153, 4181], 'Muncio': [3861, 3890], 'M.M.': [3862, 3891, 4039, 4155, 4183], 'Berra': [3863, 3892], 'Garcia': [3865], 'de': [3866], 'Herreros': [3867], 'Cornet': [3869], 'M.E': [3870], 'Sanz': [3871, 3896, 3934, 4046, 4162], 'L.': [3872, 3897, 3935, 4047, 4163], 'Moscat': [3873, 3898, 3938, 4048, 4164, 4188], 'Cell.': [3876, 4050, 4166, 4191], '12:': [3879], '3776-3783Crossref': [3880], '(141)': [3883], '26Diaz-Meco': [3886], 'Lozano': [3888, 4044, 4160, 4186], 'Frutos': [3894, 4040, 4156], '31706-31710Abstract': [3905], 'Other': [3912], 'placed': [3915], 'downstream': [3918], 'epidermal': [3920], 'factor': [3922, 3926], 'platelet-derived': [3924], 'activation': [3929], 'AP-1': [3931], '(27Kirstein': [3932], 'Quinones': [3936], 'Saus': [3942], '18231-18236Abstract': [3949], '(56)': [3957], '28Akimoto': [3960], 'Takahashi': [3962], 'Moriya': [3964], 'Nishioka': [3966], 'N.': [3967], 'Takayanagi': [3968], 'Kimura': [3970], 'Fukui': [3972], 'Kazlauskas': [3980], '15:': [3987], '788-798Crossref': [3988], '(257)': [3991], 'recent': [3996, 4232], 'UV': [4008], 'irradiation-induced': [4009], 'signal': [4010], 'transduction': [4011], '(29Huang': [4012], 'Ma': [4014], 'W.': [4015], 'Bowden': [4016], 'G.T.': [4017], 'Dong': [4018], 'Z.': [4019], '31262-31268Abstract': [4025], '(110)': [4033], '30Diaz-Meco': [4036], 'Municio': [4038, 4154], 'Sanchez': [4042, 4158, 4184], '86:': [4052, 4168], '777-786Abstract': [4053, 4169], '(321)': [4061, 4177], 'survival,': [4079, 4287], 'particularly': [4080], 'stimuli,': [4086], 'stress.': [4107], 'Further': [4108], 'will': [4110, 4130], 'elucidate': [4114], 'participates': [4122], 'mediate': [4124], 'anti-apoptotic': [4126], 'effects.': [4127], 'Future': [4128], 'focus': [4131], 'phospholipids,': [4137], 'phosphates': [4140], 'ceramides,': [4142], 'recently': [4146], 'binding': [4150], 'proteins': [4151], '(30Diaz-Meco': [4152], '31Diaz-Meco': [4180], 'Munico': [4182], '16:': [4194], '105-114Crossref': [4195], '32Puls': [4199], 'Schmidt': [4201], 'Grawe': [4203], 'F.': [4204], 'Stabel': [4205], '1997;': [4214], '94:': [4215], '6191-6196Crossref': [4216], '(193)': [4219], 'regulating': [4223], 'finding': 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