Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2031643992', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90532-x', 'title': 'A comparison of the motor-activating effects of acute and chronic exposure to amphetamine and methylphenidate', 'display_name': 'A comparison of the motor-activating effects of acute and chronic exposure to amphetamine and methylphenidate', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2031643992', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90532-x', 'mag': '2031643992', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8332631'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90532-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S59685179', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior', 'issn_l': '0091-3057', 'issn': ['0091-3057', '1873-5177'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113589951', 'display_name': 'Carol G. McNamara', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I91045830', 'display_name': 'Texas A&M University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01f5ytq51', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I91045830']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Carol G. McNamara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Texas A&M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX 77843, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Texas A&M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX 77843, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I91045830']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085294702', 'display_name': 'Emily S. Davidson', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I91045830', 'display_name': 'Texas A&M University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01f5ytq51', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I91045830']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Emily S. Davidson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Texas A&M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX 77843, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Texas A&M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX 77843, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I91045830']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006357330', 'display_name': 'Susan Schenk', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-8313'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I91045830', 'display_name': 'Texas A&M University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01f5ytq51', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I91045830']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Susan Schenk', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Texas A&M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX 77843, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Texas A&M University, Department of Psychology, College Station, TX 77843, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I91045830']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3430, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3430, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.119, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 69, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.819691, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '45', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '729', 'last_page': '732'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10056', 'display_name': 'Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10056', 'display_name': 'Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11146', 'display_name': 'Hormonal and reproductive studies', 'score': 0.9702, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2712', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10537', 'display_name': 'Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder', 'score': 0.9695, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dextroamphetamine', 'display_name': 'Dextroamphetamine', 'score': 0.5247926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-sensitization', 'display_name': 'Behavioral sensitization', 'score': 0.5123261}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777112843', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422112', 'display_name': 'Methylphenidate', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.98511434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777193897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179452', 'display_name': 'Amphetamine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9337674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776217527', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944828', 'display_name': 'Sensitization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.76644325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C513476851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304', 'display_name': 'Dopamine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5534579}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.54589665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2985495968', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422453', 'display_name': 'Motor activity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5385519}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776145449', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1706418', 'display_name': 'Dextroamphetamine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5247926}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019662062', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029', 'display_name': 'Behavioral sensitization', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5123261}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3937813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37708738}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30423707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22702032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780783007', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923', 'display_name': 'Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.20699719}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1523976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10847911}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776552330', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476178', 'display_name': 'Nucleus accumbens', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.05778885}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000661', 'descriptor_name': 'Amphetamine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008774', 'descriptor_name': 'Methylphenidate', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009043', 'descriptor_name': 'Motor Activity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000661', 'descriptor_name': 'Amphetamine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004298', 'descriptor_name': 'Dopamine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004298', 'descriptor_name': 'Dopamine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004305', 'descriptor_name': 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008774', 'descriptor_name': 'Methylphenidate', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009043', 'descriptor_name': 'Motor Activity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017207', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013997', 'descriptor_name': 'Time Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90532-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S59685179', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior', 'issn_l': '0091-3057', 'issn': ['0091-3057', '1873-5177'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8332631', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.76, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1834698691', 'https://openalex.org/W1939390485', 'https://openalex.org/W1965528656', 'https://openalex.org/W1980767612', 'https://openalex.org/W1985046237', 'https://openalex.org/W2009243814', 'https://openalex.org/W2010999766', 'https://openalex.org/W2031647610', 'https://openalex.org/W2036564804', 'https://openalex.org/W2043600875', 'https://openalex.org/W2043709750', 'https://openalex.org/W2047423810', 'https://openalex.org/W2058562215', 'https://openalex.org/W2059530018', 'https://openalex.org/W207551688', 'https://openalex.org/W2081300445', 'https://openalex.org/W2087978136', 'https://openalex.org/W2093528493', 'https://openalex.org/W2095056388', 'https://openalex.org/W2133527246', 'https://openalex.org/W2159011576', 'https://openalex.org/W2160263002', 'https://openalex.org/W2171539950', 'https://openalex.org/W2172219495', 'https://openalex.org/W2194181539', 'https://openalex.org/W2292352177', 'https://openalex.org/W2337318114', 'https://openalex.org/W2414292367', 'https://openalex.org/W2416280053', 'https://openalex.org/W2440626946', 'https://openalex.org/W4210957923', 'https://openalex.org/W4319293053', 'https://openalex.org/W617032755'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2982360720', 'https://openalex.org/W2089172972', 'https://openalex.org/W2035236958', 'https://openalex.org/W2033620327', 'https://openalex.org/W2031643992', 'https://openalex.org/W2024371642', 'https://openalex.org/W2020599897', 'https://openalex.org/W1605510982', 'https://openalex.org/W1487622955', 'https://openalex.org/W132763222'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031643992', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T02:10:22.284403', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}