Publication Information

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2873, 2975, 3004, 3057, 3102, 3206, 3223, 3265, 3288, 3310, 3336, 3370, 3388], 'content': [140], 'management,': [141], 'Online,': [142, 907], '25,': [143, 237], '27–32.': [144], 'Ahonen,': [145], 'H.,': [146, 1253, 1291, 1401, 1564, 2200, 3205, 3284], 'Heinonen,': [147], 'O.,': [148, 1784], 'Klemettinen,': [149], 'M.,': [150, 437, 1009, 1568, 1694, 1722, 1724, 2929, 3367], 'Verkamo,': [152], 'A.': [153, 183, 226, 621, 928, 1161, 1212, 1379, 1463, 1590, 1693, 1746, 1911, 2007, 2182, 2260, 2440, 2475, 2758, 2785, 3189, 3220], 'I.': [154, 440, 1807, 1998, 2011], '(1998).': [155, 203, 536, 604, 913, 951, 973, 1654, 1702, 1912, 1950, 2142, 2184, 2266, 2328, 2352, 2458, 2476, 2520, 2595, 2823, 3038, 3209, 3268], 'Applying': [156], 'data': [157, 419, 2524, 2846], 'mining': [158, 636, 2525, 3087], 'techniques': [159, 702, 3064], 'descriptive': [161], 'phrase': [162, 269], 'in': [164, 176, 248, 281, 352, 355, 420, 500, 541, 689, 795, 936, 984, 1037, 1087, 1219, 1266, 1410, 1617, 1681, 1713, 1737, 1814, 1888, 2069, 2128, 2161, 2246, 2312, 2410, 2503, 2585, 2617, 2667, 2902, 3360, 3413], 'digital': [165, 412, 641, 2168, 2413, 3069], 'document': [166, 273, 446, 542, 955], 'collections.': [167, 447, 2482], 'IEEE': [168, 583, 1776, 1990, 3245], 'International': [169, 214, 364, 518, 681, 722, 854, 1031, 1065, 1370, 1753, 1897, 2018, 2104, 2251, 2633, 2746, 2852, 2944, 3120, 3232, 3352], 'Forum': [170], 'on': [171, 216, 254, 327, 366, 520, 574, 611, 685, 724, 856, 1033, 1067, 1756, 1933, 2106, 2227, 2361, 2367, 2748, 2854, 2882, 3122, 3234, 3325, 3356, 3410], 'Research': [172, 686, 1034, 2021, 3357], 'Technology.': [174, 479], 'Advances': [175, 280, 1813, 2666], 'Digital': [177], 'Libraries—ADL': [178], "'98,": [179], '2–11.': [180], 'Amsler,': [181], 'R.': [182, 532, 835, 1078, 1081, 1164, 1404, 1608, 1701, 1921, 1963, 1994, 2037, 2183, 2265, 2351, 2457, 2553, 3224, 3225], '(1984).': [184], 'Machine-readable': [185], 'dictionaries.': [186, 890], 'Technology,': [193, 312, 897, 1114, 1559, 2194, 3097, 3201], '19,': [194, 944], '161–209.': [195], 'Argamon,': [196], 'S.,': [197, 831, 1288, 1294, 1347, 2515, 2919], 'Dagan,': [198], 'I.,': [199, 2923], 'Krymolowski,': [201], 'Y.': [202, 950, 2119, 2541, 3249, 3264, 3335], 'A': [204, 672, 777, 1149, 1227, 1388, 1709, 1847, 1913, 2213, 2270, 2334, 2459, 2619, 2804, 3270, 3314, 3340], 'memory-based': [205], 'approach': [206, 231, 562, 977, 1850, 2245, 2311, 2806], 'learning': [208, 674, 1849], 'shallow': [209], 'natural': [210, 394, 1330, 1436, 1453, 1659, 1832, 1875, 2301, 2434, 2794], 'patterns.': [212, 2047], '17th': [213], 'Conference': [215, 253, 288, 365, 519, 684, 723, 855, 877, 1032, 1066, 1500, 1534, 1755, 1898, 1932, 2360, 2366, 2672, 2747, 2853, 3121, 3355, 3409], 'Computational': [217, 235, 294, 615, 1391, 2466, 2678], 'Linguistics': [218], '(COLING': [219], "'98),": [220], '67–73.': [221], 'Bangalore,': [222], 'S.': [223, 380, 385, 603, 901, 1098, 1130, 1146, 1209, 1290, 1298, 1360, 1397, 1400, 1743, 2645, 3208], 'Joshi,': [225], '(1999).': [228, 246, 386, 441, 695, 836, 902, 1015, 1043, 1213, 1276, 1299, 1351, 1432, 1466, 1488, 1572, 1591, 1812, 1828, 1964, 1999, 2081, 2290, 2498, 2613, 2760, 2895, 2932, 3007, 3105, 3150, 3339, 3391], 'Supertagging:': [229], 'An': [230, 558, 793, 915, 975, 1327, 1620, 2242, 2599, 3140, 3292], 'almost': [233], 'parsing.': [234], 'Linguistics,': [236, 616, 1392, 2467], '237–265.': [238], 'P.': [239, 383, 924, 1118, 1129, 1143, 1363, 1696, 1907, 2093, 2141, 2286, 2327, 2594, 3286], 'Barahona': [240], 'J.': [242, 243, 277, 347, 598, 602, 664, 736, 834, 1014, 1293, 1320, 1700, 1960, 1972, 2033, 2382, 2471, 2492, 2496, 2514, 2663, 2687, 2711, 3084, 3190, 3308], 'Alferes': [244], '(Eds.).': [245, 1083, 2497, 2519, 2543, 2627, 3227], 'Progress': [247, 2391], 'artificial': [249, 282, 1170], 'intelligence.': [250, 283], '9th': [251, 1369], 'Portuguese': [252], 'Artificial': [255, 1711, 1800, 2362, 2371, 2583, 2668, 2965, 3411], 'Intelligence,': [256, 297, 2966], 'EPIA': [257], "'99.": [258, 2097], 'Berlin:': [259, 861, 1376, 2639, 2684, 2819, 2950, 3421], 'Springer-Verlag.': [260, 862, 1377, 2640, 2685, 2820, 2951, 3422], 'Barker,': [261], 'Cornacchia,': [264], 'N.': [265, 599, 620, 1238, 1260, 1405, 1922, 2008, 2423, 3372, 3390], '(2000).': [266, 320, 348, 480, 496, 557, 665, 814, 865, 930, 1239, 1261, 1322, 1519, 1679, 1730, 1788, 1846, 1870, 2120, 2208, 2236, 2386, 2424, 2554, 2578, 2646, 2731, 2843, 2876, 2954, 3060, 3164, 3291, 3313, 3373], 'Using': [267, 538, 1407, 2761], 'noun': [268, 3062], 'heads': [270, 2792], 'extract': [272], 'keyphrases.': [274], 'In': [275, 506, 571, 710, 841, 1128, 1160, 1359, 1742, 1920, 1971, 2006, 2092, 2622, 2661, 2738, 2770, 2797, 2905, 3114, 3219, 3346, 3401], 'H.': [276, 511, 715, 1321, 1431, 1543, 1729, 1827, 1845, 2261, 2264, 2518, 2662, 2725, 2739, 3059], 'Hamilton': [278, 2664], '(Ed.),': [279, 1132, 1924, 1974, 2095, 2665, 2741, 2773, 2801, 2908, 3118], 'Proceedings': [284, 360, 514, 676, 718, 803, 1061, 1373, 1749, 1975, 2014, 2357, 2567, 2603, 2742, 2848, 3228, 3347], '13th': [286, 2670], 'Biennial': [287, 2671], 'Canadian': [291, 766, 782, 2675], 'Society': [292, 334, 824, 1583, 1666, 2022, 2533, 2676, 3076], 'Studies': [295, 2679], 'AI': [298, 988, 2020], '2000,': [299, 1984], '40–52.': [300], 'Benoît,': [301], '(2002).': [303], 'Data': [304, 1871, 2862, 3086], 'mining.': [305, 2847], '36,': [313, 2397], '265–310': [314], 'Bian,': [315], 'G.-W.': [316], 'Chen,': [318, 597, 3058], 'H.-H.': [319], 'Cross-language': [321, 2164, 2185, 2596], 'information': [322, 389, 540, 567, 612, 638, 654, 1200, 1308, 1414, 1441, 1644, 2129, 2165, 2186, 2243, 2389, 2597, 2767, 2776, 2810, 2911, 2981, 3010, 3041], 'access': [323], 'multilingual': [325, 2314, 3213], 'collections': [326], 'Internet.': [329, 2229], 'Journal': [330, 767, 783, 820, 957, 1579, 1627, 2252, 2448, 2529, 2887, 3072, 3143], 'American': [333, 823, 1582, 1665, 2532, 3075], 'Science,': [337, 770, 786, 827, 1586, 1669, 2536, 3079], '51,': [338, 828, 3080], '281–296.': [339], 'Black,': [340], 'W.': [341, 661, 739, 842, 845, 1099, 2157, 2179, 2977, 3083, 3402], 'J.,': [342, 433, 1007, 2136, 2872, 2974, 2997, 2999, 3032, 3369], 'Rinaldi,': [343], 'F.,': [344], 'McNaught,': [346], 'Java:': [353], 'Applications': [354, 2369, 3239], 'education': [356], 'knowledge': [358, 1967, 3089, 3396], 'management.': [359], 'Second': [363, 2632], 'Practical': [368, 2856, 2868], 'Application': [369, 2857, 2869], 'Java,': [371], '157–170.': [372], 'Bondale,': [373], 'N.,': [374, 1484, 1515], 'Maloor,': [375], 'P.,': [376, 1859, 3003, 3034, 3387], 'Vaidyanathan,': [377], 'A.,': [378, 965, 1182, 1697, 1862, 2925, 2927, 3001], 'Sengupta,': [379], 'Rao,': [382], 'V.': [384, 495, 510, 714, 2036, 2235, 2511, 2577, 2623, 3263], 'Extraction': [387], 'from': [390, 428, 444, 452, 492, 629, 640, 884, 1004, 1193, 1507, 1540, 1969, 2089, 2125, 2175, 2320, 2420, 2489, 2565, 2653, 2992, 3022, 3052, 3138, 3160, 3175], 'open-ended': [391], 'questionnaires': [392], 'using': [393, 817, 868, 1124, 1494, 1528, 1658, 2306, 2735], 'techniques.': [397, 614, 1127], 'Computer': [398, 529, 584, 1059, 1777, 1980, 1991, 2149, 2341, 3246, 3328], 'Informatics,': [401], '29,': [402, 1074], '15–22.': [403], 'Borgman,': [404], 'L.': [406, 1948, 1949, 2259, 3115], '(1997).': [407, 464, 1380, 2038, 2059, 2158, 2225, 2404, 2544, 2787, 2978, 3085, 3135], 'Multi-media,': [408], 'multi-cultural,': [409], 'multi-lingual': [411], 'libraries:': [413], 'Or': [414], 'how': [415], 'do': [416, 2562], 'we': [417, 2563], 'exchange': [418], '400': [421], 'languages?': [422], 'D-Lib': [423, 2170, 2415, 2483], 'Magazine.': [424, 2171, 2416, 2484], 'Retrieved': [425, 488, 626, 880, 1000, 1072, 1503, 1537, 2172, 2316, 2417, 2485, 2989, 3018, 3049, 3157, 3171], 'December': [426, 489, 627, 881, 1001, 1504, 1538, 2173, 2317, 2418, 2486, 2990, 3019, 3050, 3158, 3172], '5,2001,': [427, 628, 1539, 2174, 2419, 2991, 3051, 3159], 'http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june97/06borgman.html.': [429], 'Breck,': [430], 'E.,': [431, 1673, 1782, 2591, 2642], 'Burger,': [432], 'House,': [434], 'D.,': [435, 967, 1345, 1864, 2138], 'Light,': [436], 'Mani,': [439, 1806], 'Question': [442, 448, 866], 'answering': [443, 867, 3154, 3168], 'large': [445, 870], 'Answering': [449], 'Systems.': [450, 487], 'Papers': [451], '1999': [454], 'AAAI': [455, 2029, 2378], 'Fall': [456], 'Symposium,': [457], '26–31.': [458], 'Carrick,': [459], 'Watters,': [462], 'Automatic': [465, 1300, 2000, 2060, 2082, 3392], 'association': [466], 'news': [468, 1158, 3217], 'items.': [469], 'Processing': [471, 545, 1203, 1311, 1418, 1444, 1602, 2049, 2074, 2280, 2394], 'Management,': [473, 547, 1205, 1313, 1420, 1446, 1604, 2051, 2076, 2282, 2396], '33,': [474, 2052, 2077, 2195], '615–632.': [475], 'Centre': [476], 'EAGLES-II': [481], 'Page:': [483], 'Evaluation': [484], 'NLP': [486, 871, 903, 2762, 2764, 2901], '5,': [490, 882, 1002, 1505, 2318, 2487, 3020, 3173], '2001,': [491, 883, 1003, 1506, 2319, 2488, 3021, 3174], 'http://www.cst.ku.dk/projects/eagles2.html.': [493], 'Ceric,': [494], 'Advancements': [497], 'trends': [499], 'World': [502, 1045], 'Wide': [503, 1046], 'search.': [505], 'D.': [507, 711, 864, 972, 1317, 1633, 1634, 1824, 1997, 2156, 2178, 2822, 2842, 3283], 'Kalpic': [508, 712], 'Dobric': [512, 716], '(Eds.),': [513, 717, 847, 1166, 1365, 1748, 2013, 3406], '22nd': [517, 1029, 3350], 'Technology': [522, 726, 1886, 3184], 'Interfaces': [523, 2751], '(pp.': [524, 578, 728, 859, 1136, 1173, 1374, 1771, 1899, 1941, 1985, 2024, 2111, 2373, 2637, 2682, 2752, 2778, 2817, 2864, 2913, 2948, 3128, 3240, 3419], '211–220).': [525], 'Zagreb:': [526], 'SRCE': [527], 'Centre.': [530], 'Chandrasekar,': [531], 'Srinivas,': [534], 'B.': [535, 2224, 2612, 3134], 'Glean:': [537], 'syntactic': [539], 'filtering.': [543, 3218], '34,': [548, 1250, 2133, 2283], '623–640.': [549], 'Chang,': [550, 601], 'H.-H.,': [551], 'Ko,': [552], 'Y.-H.,': [553], 'Hsu,': [555], 'J.-P.': [556], 'event-driven': [559], 'ontology-based': [561, 3214], 'delivery': [565], 'e-mails.': [570], 'Proceedings/International': [572], 'Symposium': [573], 'Multimedia': [575], 'Software': [576, 1951, 3275], 'Engineering': [577, 3126], '103–109).': [579], 'Los': [580, 1773, 1987, 3242], 'Alamitos,': [581, 1774, 1988, 3243], 'CA:': [582, 1775, 1989, 2028, 2377, 3244], 'Society.': [585, 1778, 1992, 3247], 'Charniak,': [586], 'E.': [587, 1653, 1869, 2080, 2403, 2474, 2538, 3149, 3163], '(1995).': [588], 'learning.': [591, 2148], 'ACM': [592, 682, 1027, 3353], 'Computing': [593, 1955], 'Surveys,': [594], '27,': [595], '317–319.': [596], 'Topical': [605], 'clustering': [606], 'MRD': [608], 'senses': [609], 'based': [610, 1224, 1624, 2881], 'retrieval': [613, 1415, 1657, 2166, 2277, 2768, 2777, 2912, 2982], '24,': [617, 898, 1957, 2468], '61–96.': [618], 'Chinchor,': [619], '(2001.)': [622], 'Overview': [623], 'MUC-7/MET-2.': [625], 'http://www.itl.nist.gov/iaui/894.02/related_projects/muc/proceedings/muc_7-proproceedings/overview.html.': [630], '(1999a).': [634], 'Template': [635], 'documents.': [642], 'Trends,': [644, 2507], '48,': [645, 2508], '182–208.': [646], '(1999b).': [650], 'Introduction': [651], 'modern': [653], 'retrieval.': [655, 956, 1201, 1309, 1442, 1645, 2130, 2187], 'London:': [656, 1094, 1943], 'Association': [658, 1896], 'Publishing.': [659, 1905], 'Chuang,': [660], 'Yang,': [663, 3282, 3307, 3334], 'Extracting': [666], 'sentence': [667], 'segments': [668], 'summarization:': [671], 'machine': [673, 1053, 1225, 1848], 'approach.': [675], '23rd': [679, 1978], 'SIGIR': [683, 1028, 2131, 3354], 'Development': [688, 1036, 3359], 'Retrieval,': [691, 1039, 1685, 3362], '152–159.': [692], 'Costantino,': [693], 'M.': [694, 887, 925, 929, 1450, 1487, 1518, 1566, 1678, 1810, 2116, 2289, 2454, 2495, 2574, 2590, 2798, 3056, 3104, 3178, 3179, 3221, 3290], 'expert': [700], 'system': [701, 1150], 'equity': [704], 'derivatives': [705], 'trading:': [706], 'IE-Expert': [708], 'system.': [709, 872], '21st': [721, 1890], 'Interfaces,': [727], '63–69).': [729], 'Zagreb,': [730], 'Croatia:': [731], 'Zagreb.': [734], 'Cowie,': [735], 'Lehnert,': [738], '(1996).': [740, 792, 1100, 1451, 1639, 3250], 'extraction.': [742, 2803], 'Communications': [743, 1232, 1457, 1646, 2827, 3254, 3380], 'ACM,': [746, 1460, 1649, 2830, 3257, 3383], '39(1),': [747, 1461, 1650, 3258], '80–91.': [748], 'Craven,': [749, 773, 789, 811], 'T.': [750, 774, 790, 812, 1350, 1811, 2385, 2771, 2799, 2906, 3006], '(1988).': [752], 'Text': [753, 875, 1498, 1532, 1573, 1592], 'network': [754], 'display': [755], 'editing': [756], 'special': [758, 2335], 'reference': [759], 'production': [762], 'customized': [764], 'abstracts.': [765], '13,': [771, 3332], '59–68.': [772], '(1993).': [776, 1544], 'computer-aided': [778], 'abstracting': [779, 2880], 'tool': [780], 'kit.': [781], '18,': [787, 2587], '19–31.': [788], 'experiment': [794], 'use': [797, 2122, 2336, 3066], 'tools': [799], 'computer-assisted': [801, 2146], 'abstracting.': [802], '59th': [806], 'ASIS': [807, 2607], 'Meeting,': [809, 2609], '203–208.': [810], 'Abstracts': [815], 'produced': [816], 'computer': [818, 2825], 'assistance.': [819], '745–756.': [829], 'Dogru,': [830], 'Slagle,': [833], 'Implementing': [837], 'semantic': [839, 1732, 2085], 'lexicon.': [840], 'Tepfenhart': [843], 'Cyre': [846], 'Conceptual': [848, 857], 'Structures:': [849], 'Standards': [850], 'Practices.': [852], '7th': [853], 'Structures': [858], '154–167).': [860], 'Elworthy,': [863], 'Ninth': [874, 1531, 3231], 'REtrieval': [876, 1499, 1533], '(TREC': [878, 1501, 1535], '9).': [879, 1536], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec9/papers/msrc-qa.pdf.': [885], 'Evans,': [886], '(1989).': [888], 'Computer-readable': [889], '85–117.': [899], 'Feldman,': [900], 'meets': [904], 'jabberwocky.': [906], '23,': [908, 1393], '62–72.': [909], 'Fellbaum': [911], '(Ed.).': [912, 1465], 'WordNet:': [914], 'electronic': [916, 2210], 'lexical': [917, 2736], 'database.': [918], 'Cambridge,': [919, 1175, 1282, 1473, 1818, 1835, 2548], 'MA:': [920, 1176, 1283, 1819, 1836, 2549], 'MIT': [921, 1177, 1284, 1820, 1837, 2550], 'Press.': [922, 1178, 1285, 1477, 1821, 1838, 2030, 2380, 2551], 'Fernandez,': [923], 'Garcia-Serrano,': [927], 'role': [932, 2899], 'knowledge-based': [934, 1914], 'technology': [935, 2811], 'applications': [938, 1168], 'development.': [939], 'Expert': [940, 3237], 'Systems': [941, 1925, 1934, 3127, 3238], 'With': [942], 'Applications,': [943], '31–44.': [945], 'Gaizauskas,': [946], 'R.,': [947, 1691, 2324], 'Wilks,': [949, 3248], 'extraction:': [953], 'Beyond': [954], 'Documentation,': [959, 1629, 2450, 3145], '54,': [960], '70–105.': [961], 'Glasgow,': [962], 'B.,': [963, 1780, 3030], 'Mandell,': [964], 'Binney,': [966], 'Ghemri,': [968], 'L.,': [969, 1480, 1482, 1511, 1513, 1840, 1842, 2688, 2835, 2972], 'Fisher,': [971], 'MITA:': [974], 'information-extraction': [976], 'analysis': [980, 2600, 3317], 'free-form': [982], 'life': [985], 'insurance': [986], 'applications.': [987, 2218], 'Magazine,': [989], '19(1),': [990], '59–71.': [991], 'Global': [992, 995], 'Reach': [993], 'Internet': [996, 2721], 'Statistics': [997], '(by': [998], 'language).': [999], 'http://www.euromktg.com/globstats.': [1005], 'Goldstein,': [1006], 'Kantrowitz,': [1008], 'Mittal,': [1010], 'V.,': [1011, 1257, 2512], 'Carbonell,': [1013], 'Summarizing': [1016], 'documents:': [1018], 'Sentence': [1019], 'selection': [1020], 'evaluation': [1022, 2305, 2656], 'metrics.': [1023], 'Proceeding': [1024], '121–128.': [1040], 'Grefenstette,': [1041], 'resource': [1050], 'example-based': [1052], 'translation': [1054], 'tasks.': [1055, 2769], 'Translating': [1056, 1068], '21.': [1060], 'Twenty-first': [1064], 'Computer.': [1071], 'April': [1073], '2002,': [1075], 'from:': [1076], 'http://www.xcre.xerox.com/competencies/content-analysis/publications/Documents.': [1077], 'Grishman': [1079], 'Kittredge': [1082], '(1986).': [1084], 'Analyzing': [1085], 'restricted': [1088], 'domains:': [1089], 'Sublanguage': [1090], 'descriptions': [1091], 'processing.': [1093, 1661, 1834, 2547, 3183, 3194, 3253, 3400], 'Lawrence': [1095, 1140], 'Erlbaum.': [1096, 1141], 'Haas,': [1097], 'processing:': [1103, 1326], 'Toward': [1104], 'large-scale': [1105], 'robust': [1106], 'systems.': [1107, 1456, 2278], '31,': [1115], '83–119.': [1116], 'Hayes,': [1117, 1142], '(1992).': [1119], 'Intelligent': [1120, 2749, 3124], 'high-volume': [1121], 'shallow,': [1125], 'domain-specific': [1126], 'Jacobs': [1131], 'Text-based': [1133], 'intelligent': [1134, 2959], 'systems,': [1135], '227–241).': [1137], 'Hillsdale,': [1138], 'NJ:': [1139, 1341, 3131], 'Weinstein,': [1145], '(1991).': [1147], 'Construe-TIS:': [1148], 'content-based': [1152], 'indexing': [1153], 'database': [1156], 'stories.': [1159], 'Rappaport,': [1162], 'Smith': [1165], 'Innovative': [1167, 2368], 'intelligence': [1171], '2': [1172], '51–64).': [1174], 'Hedlund,': [1179], 'T.,': [1180, 1424, 1675, 2348, 2970, 2995, 3025], 'Pirkola,': [1181, 2439], 'Jarvelin,': [1184, 1610], 'Aspects': [1187], 'Swedish': [1189], 'morphology': [1190], 'semantics': [1192], 'perspectives': [1195], 'mono-': [1197], 'cross-language': [1199, 1440], '147–161.': [1207], 'Herath,': [1208, 1211], 'Algorithm': [1214], 'determine': [1216], 'subject': [1218], 'flexible': [1220], 'word': [1221, 1353, 3111], 'order': [1222], 'translations:': [1226], 'case': [1228, 2620], 'study': [1229], 'Sinhalese.': [1231], 'COLIPS,': [1234], '9,': [1235], '1–17.': [1236], 'Ide,': [1237], 'Cross-lingual': [1240], 'sense': [1241, 2003], 'determination:': [1242], 'Can': [1243], 'it': [1244, 2699], 'work?': [1245], 'Computers': [1246], 'Humanities,': [1249], '223–234.': [1251], 'Isahara,': [1252, 1728], 'Ma,': [1254, 1717], 'Q.,': [1255, 1718], 'Sornlertlamvanich,': [1256], 'Takahashi,': [1259], 'ORCHID:': [1262], 'Building': [1263, 1965], 'linguistic': [1264, 1918], 'resources': [1265, 2765], 'Thai.': [1267], 'Literary': [1268], 'Linguistic': [1270, 2329], 'Computing,': [1271], '15,': [1272], '465–478.': [1273], 'Jelinek,': [1274], 'F.': [1275, 2207, 2730, 2759, 2786], 'Statistical': [1277], 'methods': [1278], 'speech': [1280, 1336, 1548, 2629], 'recognition,': [1281], 'Jeong,': [1286], 'Mayeng,': [1289], 'Lee,': [1292, 1562], 'Choi,': [1296], 'identification': [1301], 'back-transliteration': [1303], 'foreign': [1305], 'words': [1306], '35,': [1314, 1447, 1605], '523–540.': [1315], 'Jurafsky,': [1316], 'Martin,': [1319], 'Speech': [1323, 1545], 'introduction': [1328], 'processing,': [1332], 'computational': [1333], 'linguistics': [1334], 'recognition.': [1337], 'Upper': [1338], 'Saddle': [1339], 'River,': [1340], 'Prentice': [1342], 'Hall.': [1343, 1946], 'Kazakov,': [1344], 'Manandhar,': [1346], 'Erjavec,': [1349], 'Learning': [1352], 'segmentation': [1354, 1574], 'rules': [1355], 'tag': [1357], 'prediction.': [1358], 'Dzeroski': [1361], 'Flach': [1364], 'Inductive': [1366], 'Logic': [1367], 'Programming.': [1368], 'Workshop,': [1371, 2634, 2945], 'ILP-99': [1372], '152–161).': [1375], 'Kehler,': [1378], 'Current': [1381], 'theories': [1382], 'centering': [1384], 'pronoun': [1386], 'interpretation:': [1387], 'critical': [1389], 'evaluation.': [1390], '467–475.': [1394], 'Khoo,': [1395], 'G.,': [1398, 2726, 3027], 'Myaeng,': [1399], 'Oddy,': [1403], 'cause-effect': [1408], 'relations': [1409, 2086], 'improve': [1413], 'precision.': [1416], '119–145.': [1422], 'Kim,': [1423], 'Sim,': [1425], 'C.,': [1426, 1689, 1866, 2921, 3287], 'Sanghwa,': [1427], 'Y.,': [1428, 2202, 2204], 'Jung,': [1430], 'From': [1433], 'To-CLIR:': [1434], 'Web-based': [1435], 'interface': [1438], '559–586.': [1448], 'King,': [1449], 'Evaluating': [1452], '73–80.': [1462], 'Kornai': [1464], 'Extended': [1467], 'finite': [1468], 'state': [1469], 'models': [1470], 'language.': [1472, 1954, 2250, 3274], 'UK:': [1474, 2867], 'Cambridge': [1475], 'Kwok,': [1478, 1509], 'Grunfeld,': [1481, 1512], 'Dinstl,': [1483, 1514], 'Chan,': [1486, 1517], 'TREC-8': [1489, 3012, 3152], 'ad-hoc,': [1490], 'query': [1491, 1625, 2126, 2249], 'filtering': [1492, 2040], 'experiments': [1493, 1527], 'PIRCS.': [1495, 1529], 'Eighth': [1497], '8).': [1502], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec8/papers/queenst8.pdf.': [1508], 'TREC-9': [1520, 3166], 'cross': [1521], 'language,': [1522], 'question-answering': [1525], 'track': [1526, 3155, 3169], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec9/t9_proceedings.html.': [1541], 'Lange,': [1542], 'synthesis': [1546], 'recognition:': [1549], 'Tomorrow&s': [1550], 'human-computer': [1551], 'interfaces?': [1552], '28,': [1560, 2967, 3280], '153–185.': [1561], 'Ng,': [1565], 'Lu,': [1570], 'Q.': [1571], 'Chinese': [1576, 3271], 'spell': [1577], 'checking.': [1578], '50,': [1587], '751–759.': [1588], 'Lehmam,': [1589], 'structuration': [1593], 'leading': [1594], 'an': [1596, 2808], 'automatic': [1597, 1815, 2879], 'summary': [1598, 2292], 'system:': [1599], 'RAFI.': [1600], '181–191.': [1606], 'Lehtokangas,': [1607], 'Consistency': [1613], 'textual': [1615], 'expression': [1616], 'newspaper': [1618], 'articles:': [1619], 'argument': [1621], 'semantically': [1623], 'expansion.': [1626], '57,': [1630, 2451], '535–548.': [1631], 'Lewis,': [1632], 'Sparck': [1636, 2892], 'Jones,': [1637, 2893], '92–101.': [1651], 'Liddy,': [1652, 1672], 'Enhanced': [1655], 'Bulletin': [1662], '24(4),': [1670], '14–16.': [1671], 'Diamond,': [1674], 'McKenna,': [1677], 'DR-LINK': [1680], 'TIPSTER': [1682], 'III.': [1683, 2942], '3,': [1686], '291–311.': [1687], 'Lovis,': [1688], 'Baud,': [1690], 'Rassinoux,': [1692], 'Michel,': [1695], 'Scherter,': [1699], 'Medical': [1703, 3416], 'dictionaries': [1704], 'patient': [1706], 'encoding': [1707], 'systems:': [1708], 'methodology.': [1710], 'Intelligence': [1712, 1801, 2363, 2372, 2584, 2681, 3412], 'Medicine,': [1714, 2586], '14,': [1715], '201–214.': [1716], 'Kanzaki,': [1719], 'K.,': [1720, 1726, 2198, 2837, 3101], 'Murata,': [1721], 'Utiyama,': [1723], 'Uchimoto,': [1725], 'Self-organizing': [1731], 'maps': [1733], 'Japanese': [1735, 2214, 3320], 'nouns': [1736], 'terms': [1738, 2088], 'adnominal': [1740], 'constituents.': [1741], 'Herath': [1744, 1747], 'IEEE-INNS-ENNS': [1752], 'Joint': [1754, 3407], 'Neural': [1757, 1761], 'Networks.': [1758], 'IJCNN': [1759], '2000.': [1760, 1927], 'Computing:': [1762], 'Challenges': [1764, 1883], 'Perspectives': [1766], 'Millennium,': [1770], '91–96).': [1772], 'Magnini,': [1779], 'Not,': [1781], 'Stock,': [1783, 2952], 'Strapparava,': [1786], 'transparent': [1793], 'communication': [1794], 'between': [1795, 2087, 3298], 'public': [1796], 'administration': [1797], 'citizens.': [1799], 'Law,': [1803], '8,': [1804], '1–34.': [1805], 'Maybury,': [1809], 'summarization.': [1817], 'Manning,': [1822], 'Schutze,': [1826], 'Foundations': [1829], 'statistical': [1831, 2558], 'Marquez,': [1839], 'Padro,': [1841], 'Rodriguez,': [1844], 'POS': [1852], 'tagging.': [1853], 'Machine': [1854], 'Learning,': [1855, 2152, 2344, 3331], '39,': [1856], '59–91.': [1857], 'Martinez,': [1858, 1906], 'De': [1860], 'Miguel,': [1861], 'Cuadra,': [1863], 'Nieto,': [1865], 'Castro,': [1868], 'conceptual': [1872, 2248], 'modelling': [1873], 'through': [1874], 'language:': [1876], 'Identification': [1877], 'validation': [1879], 'relationship': [1881, 3297], 'cardinalities.': [1882], 'Management': [1887, 1895], 'Century.': [1891], '2000': [1892, 2745], 'Resources': [1894], '500–504).': [1900], 'Hershey,': [1901], 'PA:': [1902], 'Idea': [1903], 'Group': [1904], 'Garcia': [1909], 'Serrano,': [1910], 'methodology': [1915], 'applied': [1916], 'engineering.': [1919], 'Horspool': [1923], 'Implementation': [1926, 1935], 'IFIP': [1928], 'TC2': [1929], 'WG2.4': [1930], 'Working': [1931], '2000:': [1936], 'Languages,': [1937], 'Methods': [1938], 'Tools': [1940], '166–179).': [1942], 'Chapman': [1944], 'McMurchie,': [1947], 'speaks': [1952], 'user&s': [1953], 'Canada,': [1956], '19–21.': [1958], 'Meyer,': [1959], 'Dale,': [1962], 'hybrid': [1966], 'representations': [1968], 'text.': [1970], 'Edwards': [1973], 'Australasian': [1979], 'Conference.': [1982], 'ACSC': [1983], '158–165).': [1986], 'Mihalcea,': [1993], 'Moldovan,': [1996], 'acquisition': [2001, 2083, 3393], 'tagged': [2004], 'corpora.': [2005, 2091], 'Kumar': [2009], 'Russell': [2012], 'Twelfth': [2017], 'Florida': [2019], 'Conference,': [2023], '293–297).': [2025], 'Menlo': [2026, 2375], 'Park,': [2027, 2376], 'Mock,': [2031], 'Vemuri,': [2035], 'via': [2041], 'hill': [2042], 'climbing,': [2043], 'WordNet': [2044], 'index': [2046], '633–644.': [2053], 'Moens,': [2054], 'M.-F.': [2055], 'Uyttendaele,': [2057], 'structuring': [2062], 'categorization': [2064, 3344], 'first': [2067], 'step': [2068], 'summarizing': [2070], 'legal': [2071], 'cases.': [2072], '727–737.': [2078], 'Morin,': [2079], 'technical': [2090, 3319], 'Sandrini': [2094], 'TKE': [2096], 'Terminology': [2098, 2107], 'Knowledge': [2100, 2109, 2353, 2521, 2859, 3136], 'Engineering.': [2101], 'Proceedings,': [2102], 'Fifth': [2103], 'Congress': [2105], 'Engineering,': [2110], '268–278).': [2112], 'Vienna:': [2113], 'TermNet.': [2114], 'Narita,': [2115], 'Ogawa,': [2118], 'phrases': [2124, 2616], 'texts': [2127, 3321], 'Forum,': [2132], '318–320.': [2134], 'Nerbonne,': [2135], 'Dokter,': [2137], 'Smit,': [2140], 'Morphological': [2143, 2442], 'Assisted': [2150, 2342, 3329], '11,': [2153, 2345, 2890], '543–559.': [2154], 'Oard,': [2155, 2177], 'Serving': [2159], 'users': [2160], 'many': [2162], 'languages:': [2163], 'libraries.': [2169], 'http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december97/oard/12oard.html.': [2176], 'Diekema,': [2181], '223–256.': [2196], 'Ogura,': [2197], 'Nakaiwa,': [2199], 'Matsuo,': [2201], 'Ooyama,': [2203], 'Bond,': [2206], 'dictionary.': [2211, 2886], 'Goi-Taikei:': [2212], 'lexicon': [2215, 3215], 'its': [2217, 3323], 'NTT': [2219], 'Review,': [2220, 3185], '12,': [2221], '53–58.': [2222], 'Oudet,': [2223], 'Multilingualism': [2226], 'Scientific': [2230], 'American,': [2231], '276(3),': [2232], '77–78.': [2233], 'Owei,': [2234], 'querying': [2239], 'databases:': [2241, 3139], 'Human-Computer': [2254], 'Studies,': [2255], '53,': [2256, 3146], '439–492.': [2257], 'Paris,': [2258], 'Tibbo,': [2263], 'Freestyle': [2267], 'vs.': [2268], 'Boolean:': [2269], 'comparison': [2271], 'partial': [2273], 'exact': [2275], 'match': [2276], '175–190.': [2284], 'Paroubek,': [2285], 'Blasband,': [2288], 'Executive': [2291], 'blueprint': [2295], 'general': [2298], 'infrastructure': [2299], 'systems': [2304], 'semi-automatic': [2307], 'quantitative': [2308], 'black': [2309], 'environment.': [2315], 'http://www.limsi.fr/TLP/ELSE/Preamble': [2321], 'XwhyXwhatXrev3.htm.': [2322], 'Pasero,': [2323], 'Sabatier,': [2326], 'games': [2330], 'learning:': [2333], 'ILLICO': [2339], 'library.': [2340], '561–585.': [2346], 'Pedersen,': [2347], 'Bruce,': [2350], 'lean': [2354], 'word-sense': [2355], 'disambiguation.': [2356], 'Fifteenth': [2358], 'National': [2359], '(AAAI-98).': [2364], 'Tenth': [2365], '800–805).': [2374], 'Press/MIT': [2379], 'Perez-Carballo,': [2381, 2973, 2996, 3031], 'Strzalkowski,': [2384, 2969, 2994, 3024], 'retrieval:': [2390, 2598, 2789, 3011, 3042], 'report.': [2392, 3013, 3044, 3156, 3170], '155–178.': [2398], 'Peters,': [2399], 'Picchi,': [2402], 'Across': [2405], 'languages,': [2406], 'across': [2407, 2480], 'cultures:': [2408], 'Issues': [2409], 'multilinguality': [2411], 'libraries,': [2414], 'http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may97/peters/05peters.html.': [2421], 'Petreley,': [2422], 'Waiting': [2425], 'innovations': [2427], 'hit': [2429], 'mainstream:': [2431], 'What': [2432, 2896], 'about': [2433], 'language?': [2435], 'InfoWorld,': [2436], '22(4),': [2437], '102.': [2438], 'typology': [2443], 'languages': [2445], 'IR.': [2447], '330–348.': [2452], 'Poesio,': [2453], 'Vieira,': [2456], 'corpus-based': [2460], 'investigation': [2461], 'definite': [2463], 'description': [2464], 'use.': [2465], '183–216.': [2469], 'Powell,': [2470], 'Fox,': [2473], 'Multilingual': [2477], 'federated': [2478], 'searching': [2479], 'heterogeneous': [2481], 'http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september98/powell/09powell.html.': [2490], 'Qin,': [2491], 'Norton,': [2494], 'Introduction.': [2499], '[Special': [2500, 2526], 'Issue]Knowledge': [2501], 'discovery': [2502, 2522, 3137], 'bibliographic': [2504], 'databases.': [2505], '1–8.': [2509], 'Raghavan,': [2510], 'Deogun,': [2513], 'Server,': [2517], 'topics': [2527], 'issue]': [2528], '49(5).': [2537], 'Roche': [2539], 'Shabes': [2542], 'Finite-state': [2545], 'Rosenfield,': [2552], 'Two': [2555], 'decades': [2556], 'modeling:': [2560], 'Where': [2561], 'go': [2564], 'here?': [2566], 'IEEE.': [2570, 3132], '88(8),': [2571], '1270–1278.': [2572], 'Roux,': [2573], 'Ledoray,': [2576], 'Understanding': [2579], 'medico-technical': [2581], 'reports.': [2582], '149–172.': [2588], 'Ruiz,': [2589], 'Srinivasan,': [2593], 'errors.': [2602], '61st': [2606], '153–165.': [2610], 'Say,': [2611], 'Modeling': [2614], 'cue': [2615], 'Turkish:': [2618], 'study.': [2621], 'Matousek': [2624], 'et': [2625, 2930, 3036, 3404], 'al.': [2626, 2931, 3037, 3405], 'Text,': [2628], 'dialogue.': [2631], 'TDS': [2635], "'99": [2636, 2947], '337–340).': [2638], 'Scarlett,': [2641], 'Szpakowicz,': [2644], 'power': [2648], 'TSNLP:': [2651], 'Lessons': [2652], 'diagnostic': [2655], 'broad-coverage': [2659], 'parser.': [2660], 'Intelligence.': [2669], '138–150).': [2683], 'Schenker,': [2686], '(2001,': [2689], 'July': [2690], '16).': [2691], 'gist': [2693], 'translation:': [2695], 'How': [2696], 'long': [2697], 'will': [2698], 'be': [2700], 'before': [2701], 'machines': [2702], 'make': [2703], 'multilingual?': [2706], 'Time,': [2707], '158,': [2708], '54.': [2709], 'Scott,': [2710], '(1999,': [2712], 'December).': [2713], 'E-mail': [2714], 'management:': [2715], 'key': [2717], 'regaining': [2719], 'control.': [2720], 'Business,': [2722], '60–65.': [2723], 'Silber,': [2724], 'McCoy,': [2728], 'Efficient': [2732], 'summarization': [2734], 'chains.': [2737], 'Lieberman': [2740], 'IUI': [2744], 'User': [2750], '252–255).': [2753], 'York:': [2755], 'ACM.': [2756], 'Smeaton,': [2757, 2784], 'or': [2763], 'Strzalkowski': [2772, 2907], '99–111).': [2779], 'Dordrecht,': [2780, 2915], 'Netherlands:': [2781, 2916], 'Kluwer': [2782], 'Academic.': [2783], 'Still': [2790], 'butting': [2791], 'processing?': [2796], 'Pazienza': [2800], 'multidisciplinary': [2805], 'emerging': [2809], 'international': [2812], 'summer': [2813], 'school,': [2814], 'SCIE': [2815], "'97": [2816], '115–138).': [2818], 'Smith,': [2821], 'Computerizing': [2824], 'science.': [2826], '41': [2831], '(9),': [2832], '21–23.': [2833], 'Sokol,': [2834], 'Murphy,': [2836], 'Brooks,': [2838], 'W.,': [2839, 3365], 'Mattox,': [2841], 'Visualizing': [2844], 'text-based': [2845], 'Fourth': [2851], 'Discovery': [2860], 'Mining': [2863], '57–61).': [2865], 'Blackpool,': [2866], 'Company.': [2870], 'Song,': [2871, 3289], 'Zhao,': [2874], 'D.-Y.': [2875], 'Study': [2877], 'corpus': [2883, 3301], 'hierarchical': [2885], 'Software,': [2889], '308–314.': [2891], 'is': [2897], 'retrieval?': [2904], '1–25).': [2914], 'Kluwer.': [2917], 'Staab,': [2918], 'Braun,': [2920], 'Bruder,': [2922], 'Dusterhoft,': [2924], 'Heuer,': [2926], 'Klettke,': [2928], 'GETESS-searching': [2933], 'exploiting': [2936], 'German': [2937], 'texts.': [2938], 'Cooperative': [2939], 'Agents': [2941], 'Third': [2943, 3119], 'CIA': [2946], '113–124).': [2949], 'O.': [2953], 'interfaces.': [2960], 'Annals': [2961], 'Mathematics': [2963], '39–41.': [2968], 'Fang,': [2971], 'Jin,': [2976], 'TREC-6': [2983], 'Report,': [2984], 'NIST': [2985, 3014, 3045], 'Special': [2986, 3015, 3046], 'Publication': [2987, 3016, 3047], '500-240.': [2988], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec6/t6_proceedings.html': [2993], 'Karlgren,': [2998], 'Hulth,': [3000], 'Tapanainen,': [3002, 3033], 'Lahtinen,': [3005], '500-246.': [3017], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec8/papers/ge8adhoc2.pdf.': [3023], 'Stein,': [3026], 'Wise,': [3028], 'Jarvinen,': [3035], 'TREC-7': [3043], '500-242.': [3048], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec7/t7_proceedings.html.': [3053], 'Tolle,': [3054], 'Comparing': [3061], 'phrasing': [3063], 'medical': [3068, 3398], 'library': [3070], 'tools.': [3071], '352–370.': [3081], 'Trybula,': [3082], 'discovery.': [3090], '32,': [3098], '197–229.': [3099], 'Tsuda,': [3100], 'Nakamura,': [3103], 'method': [3108], 'meaning': [3112], 'class.': [3113], 'Jain': [3117], 'Knowledge-Based': [3123], '534–537).': [3129], 'Piscataway,': [3130], 'Vickery,': [3133], 'introductory': [3141], 'review.': [3142], '107–122.': [3147], 'Voorhees,': [3148, 3162], 'question': [3153, 3167], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec8/papers/qa-report.pdf.': [3161], 'http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec9/papers/qa-report.pdf.': [3176], 'Waldrop,': [3177], '104,': [3186], '107–108.': [3187], 'Warner,': [3188], '(1987).': [3191], '22,': [3202, 3305], '79–108.': [3203], 'Weigard,': [3204], 'Hoppenbrouwers,': [3207], 'Experiences': [3210], 'Tjoa': [3222], 'Wagner': [3226], 'Workshop': [3233], 'Database': [3235], '160–165).': [3241], '60.': [3259], 'Wong,': [3260], 'K.-F.,': [3261], 'Lum,': [3262], 'Lam,': [3266], 'W.-I.': [3267], 'Chicon:': [3269], 'manipulation': [3273], '–': [3276], 'Practice': [3277], 'Experience,': [3279], '681–701.': [3281], 'Gomez,': [3285], 'algorithm': [3293], 'predicting': [3295], 'lemmas': [3299], 'size.': [3302], 'ETRI': [3303], 'Journal,': [3304], '20–31': [3306], 'Akahori,': [3311], 'discourse': [3315], 'structure': [3316], 'implementation': [3324], 'WWW.': [3327], '119–141.': [3333], 'Liu,': [3337], 'X.': [3338], 're-examination': [3341], 'methods.': [3345], '42–49.': [3363], 'Zadrozny,': [3364], 'Budzikowska,': [3366], 'Chai,': [3368], 'Kambhatla,': [3371], 'dialogue': [3376], 'personalized': [3378], 'interaction.': [3379], '43(8),': [3384], '116–120.': [3385], 'Zweigenbaum,': [3386], 'Grabar,': [3389], 'morphological': [3395], 'Horn,': [3403], 'European': [3408], 'Medicine': [3414], 'Decision': [3417], 'Making': [3418], '416–420).': [3420], 'Citing': [3423], 'Literature': [3424], 'Volume37,': [3425], 'Issue12003Pages': [3426], 'ReferencesRelatedInformation': [3428]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031213082', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 69}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 129}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 134}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 90}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 68}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 54}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-22T22:45:24.499118', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}