Publication Information

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2750, 2838, 2857, 2861, 2988, 3045, 3433, 4204], 'Nordenson,': [196, 2862], 'ran': [198, 850, 2894, 3149], 'private': [200, 1176, 1372, 1398, 1653, 1662, 2898], 'eye': [201, 844, 1092, 1399, 3141], 'hospital': [202, 1373, 1430, 2900, 3636, 3764], 'Ernst': [206, 237, 3939, 4165, 4208], 'Forsmark,': [207], 'acted': [209], 'as': [210, 253, 663, 665, 677, 679, 705, 1036, 1079, 1103, 1143, 1256, 1486, 1614, 1616, 1680, 1682, 1803, 1838, 1866, 2162, 2366, 2368, 2397, 2596, 2656, 2941, 3042, 3069, 3303, 3367, 3591, 3593, 3746, 3785, 3920, 4094, 4293, 4460], 'Society’s': [212, 617, 727], 'secretary': [213], 'went': [216, 396, 4311], 'head': [220], 'Sabbatsberg': [223, 3832], 'Eye': [224, 1593, 3833], 'Clinic': [225], '1910': [229], '(1-4).': [230], 'Gullstrand.': [232], 'Nordenson.': [234], 'Widmark.': [236], 'Forsmark.': [238], 'most': [243, 340, 432, 901, 1110, 1170, 2400, 2416, 3559], 'remarkable': [244, 341], 'man.': [245], 'He': [246, 395, 414, 491, 2581, 2762, 2883, 3072, 3645, 3910, 4059], 'had': [247, 259, 344, 563, 803, 1113, 1241, 1413, 2017, 2275, 2619, 3875], 'shown': [248, 3388], 'great': [249, 440], 'mathematical': [250], 'ability': [251], 'already': [252, 3070], 'teenager,': [255], 'his': [257, 261, 286, 322, 423, 431, 497, 554, 558, 595, 674, 690, 2240, 2498, 2591, 2621, 2735, 2802, 2913, 3269, 3607, 3625, 3632, 3660, 3663, 3727, 3739, 3781, 3796, 3860, 3908, 4266], 'parents': [258], 'facilitated': [260], 'learning': [262], 'moving': [264, 3105], 'Landskrona': [266], 'Jönköping,': [268, 3766], 'where': [269, 285, 1006, 3492, 3767], 'better': [271, 1950], 'gymnasium': [272], 'teacher': [273], 'mathematics': [275], 'available.': [277], 'up': [280, 2531], 'studies': [282, 2532, 3178, 3217, 3337, 3415, 3472, 3954, 4186, 4349], 'ease': [287], 'with': [288, 484, 654, 771, 935, 1010, 1221, 1410, 1425, 1513, 1716, 2299, 2553, 2584, 2661, 2732, 3048, 3057, 3161, 3233, 3312, 3319, 3551, 3715, 3992, 4045, 4110, 4129, 4142, 4194, 4302], 'infinitesimal': [289], 'calculus': [290], 'quickly': [291], 'led': [292, 3179], 'him': [293, 2595, 4341], 'realize': [295], 'that': [296, 310, 363, 511, 801, 829, 875, 1011, 1088, 1185, 1664, 1677, 1719, 1886, 1918, 1925, 2003, 2119, 2261, 2729, 2808, 3198, 3292, 3389, 3443, 4018, 4213, 4241, 4365, 4374], 'frequent': [298], 'exclusion': [299], 'higher-order': [301], 'terms': [302, 838, 1020], 'contemporary': [304, 3857], 'solutions': [305], 'complex': [308], 'equations': [309, 334], 'describe': [311], 'optical': [312, 683], 'astigmatism': [313], 'resulted': [314, 1449], 'incorrect': [316], 'often': [318, 739, 1542, 2092], 'inadequate': [319, 3905], 'conclusions.': [320], 'subsequent': [323, 2551], 'MD': [324], 'thesis,': [325, 377], '1890,': [328], 'Gullstrand’s': [329, 366, 375, 381, 550], 'improved': [330, 1897, 2323, 4284, 4326, 4456], 'handling': [331, 843], 'impressive.': [336], 'His': [337, 2603, 3979], 'feat': [338, 2571], 'because': [342], 'he': [343, 388, 404, 562, 570, 575, 2574, 2617, 2638, 3768, 3990, 4199], 'no': [345, 852, 1479], 'local': [346, 636, 1737, 1761], 'tutors': [347], 'or': [348, 795, 824, 846, 1105, 1260, 1263, 1956], 'predecessors.': [349, 1333], 'thesis': [351, 382, 3126, 3729, 3748, 3797], 'compact': [353], 'small': [357, 2218, 3426, 3837], 'number': [358, 1131, 1215, 1405, 1427, 1455, 1472, 1835, 2219, 4196, 4464], 'designed': [361, 418], 'experiments': [362], 'clinically': [364, 2709], 'validated': [365], 'theoretical': [367, 694], 'results': [368, 2249, 2319, 3608], '(Fig.': [369, 1178, 2471, 2702, 3542, 3571, 3614, 3733, 3941, 4005, 4042, 4085, 4090, 4181, 4270], '5).': [370], 'Two': [371, 4076], 'characteristic': [372], 'pages': [373], 'doctoral': [376, 3125, 3265], '1890.': [380], 'received': [383, 1249], 'highest': [385], 'acclaim': [386, 2152], 'immediately': [390], 'offered': [391, 1933, 4282], 'various': [392, 408, 635, 2064], 'academic': [393, 1678, 3040, 3842], 'positions.': [394], 'study': [399, 2787, 3109, 4314], 'physiological': [400], 'optics,': [401, 713], 'for': [402, 528, 671, 864, 986, 991, 1062, 1290, 1303, 1536, 1590, 1605, 1744, 1749, 1777, 1801, 1857, 1862, 1896, 1903, 1941, 2026, 2041, 2050, 2114, 2129, 2242, 2328, 2457, 2526, 2572, 2708, 2742, 2823, 2844, 3154, 3335, 3361, 3453, 3642, 3726, 3757, 4024, 4221, 4286, 4333], 'needed': [405], 'obtain': [407], 'measurements': [409], 'human': [412], 'eye.': [413, 3978], 'promptly': [415], 'skilfully': [417], 'equipment': [420], 'meet': [422], 'purpose.': [424], 'From': [425, 3934], 'clinical': [427, 1747, 2687, 2746, 2922, 2965, 3014, 3058, 3313, 3336, 3346, 3391, 3430, 3467, 3758, 3808, 3870, 4121, 4151, 4184, 4223, 4327, 4347], 'point': [428], 'view,': [430], 'innovations': [434], 'slit-lamp': [437, 454, 676], 'reflex-free': [441, 460], 'stationary': [442], 'indirect': [443, 461], 'ophthalmoscope,': [444], 'both': [445, 2585], 'initially': [446, 2654], 'presented': [447, 3529], 'Ophthalmologists': [450], 'use': [452], 'several': [455, 625, 974, 1871, 2068, 3035], 'times': [456, 2016], 'daily,': [457], 'ophthalmoscope': [462], 'represents': [463], 'basis': [465], 'any': [467, 796, 2920], 'fundus': [468], 'camera': [469], 'design.': [470], 'not': [474, 495, 791, 970, 1579, 1879, 2251, 2258, 2699, 2911, 3799, 4217, 4235, 4387], 'only': [475, 496, 1349, 1393, 1580, 1797, 1968, 2230, 3743, 3913], 'brilliant': [477, 3617, 3950], 'mathematician,': [478], 'but': [479, 501, 788, 907, 959, 1558, 1584, 1875, 2013, 2205, 2696, 3427, 3597, 3670, 3877, 4390], 'strong-willed': [482], 'administrator': [483, 3622], 'an': [485, 564, 933, 1356, 1481, 1495, 2127, 2597, 2873, 3085, 3135, 3519, 3678, 3921, 4143, 4248, 4257, 4294], 'excellent': [486, 2011, 2874], 'sense': [487], 'fair': [489], 'play.': [490], 'therefore': [492, 810, 1658, 1701, 2978], 'heavily': [493, 2080], 'influenced': [494, 3855], 'own': [498, 2984, 3661], 'faculty,': [500], 'many': [502, 1730, 1758, 2592, 2733, 3993, 4475], 'others': [503, 1086], 'Sweden.': [505, 1228, 1668, 2463], 'It': [506, 1572, 2386, 3802, 4281], 'revealing': [508], 'learn': [510], 'when,': [512, 812], '1920s,': [515], 'dormant': [517], 'faculty': [518, 544], 'medicine': [520], 'Lund': [522, 3334], 'failed': [523, 1976, 3692], 'see': [525], 'need': [527, 1776], 'talents': [530, 3985], 'one': [532, 1091, 1200, 1370, 1917, 1936, 2631, 2863, 3496, 4370], 'scholars,': [535], 'Fritz': [536], 'Ask,': [537], 'coaxed': [542], 'into': [545, 1721, 2745, 2919, 3579, 3638], 'making': [546, 2783, 3556], 'Ask': [547], 'professor.': [549], 'indisputable': [551], 'virtues': [552], 'enabled': [553, 4340], 'contemporaries': [555, 596], 'disregard': [557], 'less': [559, 825, 3879], 'favourable': [560], 'traits:': [561], 'unsurpassed': [565], 'level': [566, 1005, 2335], 'self-esteem,': [568], 'made': [571, 1742, 2393, 2523], 'patently': [572], 'obvious,': [573], 'highly': [577], 'interested': [578], 'nobility': [580], 'social': [582, 1270, 2588, 3984], 'status,': [583], 'specifically': [584], 'considering': [585], 'himself': [586, 710, 2618, 3557, 3897], 'rank': [588], 'above': [589], 'almost': [590, 1233, 1421, 3520], 'everybody': [591], 'else.': [592], 'keen': [598, 1063, 3683], 'further': [600, 1638, 2253, 3510], 'professional': [602, 1501, 1640], 'skills': [604, 841, 1641], 'services,': [606], 'this': [608, 1127, 1756, 1768, 1791, 1876, 2021, 2243, 2448, 2753, 3079, 3212, 3647, 4391, 4458], 'aim': [609, 2663, 3164], 'has': [610, 1459, 1563, 1570, 1623, 1853, 1877, 1907, 1932, 2110, 2138, 2424, 2977, 3001, 3010, 3325, 3485, 3505, 4393], 'always': [611, 2139], 'been': [612, 1880, 2140, 2155, 2276, 3002, 3487, 3506, 3881, 3892], 'mainstay': [614], 'activities.': [618], 'Over': [619], 'years,': [621], 'these': [622, 1362, 2098, 2809, 3694, 4355], 'have': [623, 1199, 1448, 2100, 2149, 2154, 2442, 3387, 3438, 3854, 3891, 3901, 4452, 4461], 'taken': [624, 4394], 'forms,': [626], 'but,': [627], 'initially,': [628], 'dissemination': [630, 1607], 'predominant': [641], 'activity.': [642], 'delivery': [646], 'presentations': [648], 'interesting': [650], 'single-patient': [651], 'observations,': [652], 'experiences': [653], 'new': [655, 4145], 'treatment': [656, 2923, 3446, 3475, 3513, 3533, 4035], 'strategies': [657], 'advances': [659, 2402], 'instrumentation,': [662], 'reports': [666], 'conferences.': [669], 'Gullstrand,': [670], 'example,': [672, 4025], 'demonstrated': [673, 4008], 'early': [678, 1496], '1911,': [680], 'when': [681, 2606, 2645, 3355], 'instrument': [684], 'manufacturer': [685], 'Carl': [686], 'Zeiss': [687], 'simultaneously': [688], 'introduced': [689, 1273, 2351, 2774, 3489, 3573, 4154], 'design': [691], 'internationally.': [692], 'Furthermore,': [693], 'lectures': [695], 'given': [697], 'physiologists': [699], 'basic': [702, 1022, 1809, 3151, 4380], 'scientists,': [703], 'such': [704, 2161], 'Hans': [706], 'Gertz,': [707], 'ophthalmic': [712, 1028, 3015], 'Ragnar': [716, 2169, 2527, 2832, 3377, 3612, 3703], 'Granit': [717, 2528, 2562, 2684], 'electrophysiology': [720, 2534, 3052, 3314], 'vision.': [722, 3118], 'Another': [723, 4038], 'aspect': [724], 'drive': [728], 'improve': [730, 947], 'services': [732, 951, 1643], 'Sweden': [734, 905, 1354, 2479, 2485], 'manifested': [736], 'rather': [740], 'bitter': [741], 'conflict': [742], 'between': [743, 3867], 'dispensing': [746, 820, 895], 'opticians': [747, 765, 778, 821, 876, 896, 995, 1035], 'half': [751, 1050, 1210, 1387, 1539, 1987, 2514, 3029], '20th': [754, 818, 1053, 1191, 1279, 1347, 1612, 1894, 1990, 2075, 2406, 3032, 3289, 3353], 'century.': [755], 'When': [756, 1119, 1155], 'formed,': [760, 1161], 'vocational': [762, 1648, 1683], 'training': [763, 1001, 1649, 1684, 1748, 1898, 1981, 2028], 'purely': [767, 2658], 'practical,': [768], 'accordance': [770], 'long-established': [773], 'system': [774, 915, 990, 1272, 1861, 2113, 2338], 'apprenticeship.': [776], 'undoubtedly': [783], 'good': [784, 2429, 3390, 3804], 'manufacturing': [786], 'spectacles,': [787], 'they': [789, 802, 1966, 2697, 4449], 'subject': [792, 1728], 'examination': [794, 1798], 'form': [798], 'guarantee': [800], 'adequate': [804, 1746, 1979, 2096], 'biomedical': [805, 1023, 1621], 'knowledge.': [806], 'Trained': [807], 'horrified': [811], 'beginning': [815, 1344], 'century,': [819, 1054, 1213, 1280, 1348, 1541, 1613, 1991, 2076], 'began': [822, 2605, 3038, 3047, 3121, 3358, 3711, 4183], 'more': [823, 1136, 1537, 1847, 1963, 2103, 3155], 'openly': [826], 'assert': [828], 'abilities': [831], 'equalled': [832], 'those': [833, 1108], 'doctors': [836], 'diseases': [845], 'vision': [847, 4322], 'problems.': [848], 'Tensions': [849], 'high,': [851], 'doubt': [853], 'extent': [856], 'fuelled': [857], 'shortage': [860], 'job': [862], 'opportunities': [863], '1920s': [868], '1930s.': [870], 'Young': [871], 'probably': [873, 2767], 'felt': [874, 1676], 'depriving': [878], 'them': [879, 2451, 2633, 4001], 'living.': [882], '1930s,': [885], 'managed': [889, 2564], 'take': [891, 2530], 'particularly': [893, 4336], 'offending': [894], 'court': [898], '–': [899, 906], 'unusual': [902], 'step': [903], 'lost': [908], 'case!': [910], 'judicial': [914], 'clearly': [917, 1555], 'unwilling': [918], 'accept': [920, 1767], 'hard-nosed': [922], 'approach,': [923], 'successfully': [926, 3137], 'tried': [927, 2215, 2264, 3452], 'different': [929, 1382, 3170, 3187], 'strategy:': [930], 'alliance': [934], 'group': [937, 4435], 'concerned': [939], 'well-trained': [941], 'opticians,': [942], 'eager': [945], 'standard': [949], 'provided': [952, 1355], 'opticians.': [955], 'helped': [957], 'significantly,': [958], 'memories': [960], 'past': [962], 'offences': [963], 'lingered': [964], 'long,': [965], 'controversies': [968], 'did': [969, 2250, 2310, 2698, 2910], 'really': [971], 'subside': [972], 'until': [973, 1489, 2259, 3159, 3524], 'decades': [975, 1561, 1891, 1971, 2069, 3286], 'later.': [976], 'World': [977, 1670, 3598], 'War': [978, 1671, 3599], 'II': [979, 3600], 'least': [982, 1090, 1935], 'partial': [984], 'cause': [985, 4220, 4375], 'delay.': [988], 'A': [989], 'state': [992], 'certification': [993, 1686], 'then': [997, 1432, 2301, 4161], 'introduced,': [998], 'raised': [1002, 1321], 'compared': [1008], 'favourably': [1009], 'students': [1014, 2593, 2736, 4080, 4303], 'general': [1018, 1223, 1842, 1914, 2954, 2974, 3981], 'sciences': [1024], 'applied': [1027], 'matters.': [1029], 'Today,': [1030, 3776], 'usually': [1032, 1295, 1948, 2009], 'regard': [1033, 2390], 'state-accredited': [1034], 'respected': [1037], 'welcome': [1039], 'partners': [1040], 'health': [1044, 1733, 3620], 'care': [1045, 1068, 1734, 3621], 'system.': [1046], 'represented': [1059, 1543], 'forum': [1061], 'debates': [1064], 'how': [1066, 2084], 'country': [1071], 'should': [1072, 1094, 1687, 2086, 3450], 'be': [1074, 1095, 1135, 1688, 2087, 2963, 3301, 3451, 3480, 4021], 'organized.': [1075], 'Some': [1076], 'advocated': [1077], 'centralization,': [1078], 'certain': [1081], 'neighbouring': [1082], 'countries,': [1084, 1520, 1874], 'whereas': [1085], 'argued': [1087, 3439], 'clinic': [1093, 1477, 3637, 3838], 'established': [1096, 1822, 3197, 3326, 4364], 'every': [1098, 1203], 'county': [1099, 1408, 1738, 1762, 3635, 3762], '(defined': [1100], '‘län’': [1104], '‘landsting’': [1106], 'days),': [1109], 'few': [1115, 1378, 1970, 3751], 'hundred': [1116], 'thousand': [1117], 'inhabitants.': [1118, 1440], 'proposed': [1123], 'around': [1125, 1423, 3441, 3935], '1920,': [1126], 'suggestion': [1128], 'required': [1129, 1800], 'clinics': [1133, 2118], 'than': [1137, 1538, 1848, 1965, 2513, 3156], 'doubled,': [1138], 'centralists': [1141], 'regarded': [1142, 2594, 3302, 3742, 3784, 4292], 'hopelessly': [1145], 'utopian': [1146], 'wish,': [1147], 'far': [1148, 2414], 'beyond': [1149, 2333], 'resources': [1151], 'there': [1162, 1231, 4472], 'about': [1164, 1296, 2231, 2906], '20': [1165], 'country,': [1169, 1239], 'engaged': [1174, 2081], 'practice': [1177, 3575], '6).': [1179], 'figure': [1181], 'rose': [1182], 'slowly,': [1183], 'so': [1184], 'middle': [1188, 1276, 3350], 'century': [1192, 1895, 2407, 2516, 3033, 3354], 'just': [1195], 'barely': [1196], 'possible': [1197, 2525, 4236], 'ophthalmologist': [1201, 3915], 'county.': [1204], 'By': [1205, 1391], 'contrast,': [1206], 'during': [1207, 2480, 3629], 'second': [1209, 1986, 3028], 'increased': [1216, 2330, 4214, 4242, 4366], 'substantially,': [1217], 'approximately': [1218], 'pace': [1220], 'increase': [1224], '2007': [1230], '800': [1234], 'active': [1235], '9.1': [1242], 'million': [1243], 'inhabitants': [1244, 1468], 'Most': [1248], 'income': [1251], 'government,': [1254], 'either': [1255], 'employees': [1257], 'public': [1259, 1351, 1407, 1691, 1860, 1974, 2326, 3763], 'government-subsidized': [1261], 'hospitals,': [1262], 'via': [1264], 'compulsory': [1266, 1859], 'comprehensive': [1268], 'security': [1271], 'requires': [1282], 'patient': [1284], 'pay': [1286], 'nominal': [1288], 'fee': [1289], 'each': [1291], 'outpatient': [1292, 1446, 2347], 'visit,': [1293], 'currently': [1294, 1799, 3461], 'SEK300': [1297], '(∼': [1298], '€30),': [1299], 'used': [1302, 2679, 2822, 3919, 4032], 'cost': [1305], 'all': [1307, 1360, 2404, 2419, 4480], 'examinations,': [1308], 'hospitalizations': [1309], 'surgery': [1311, 1447, 2322, 2329, 2396], 'fees,': [1312], 'balance': [1314], 'covered': [1318], 'monies': [1320], 'through': [1322], 'taxation.': [1323], 'Annual': [1324], 'membership': [1325], 'dots': [1335], 'show': [1336], 'numbers': [1337], 'include': [1339], 'retired': [1340], 'members.': [1341, 1646], 'At': [1342, 4229], 'five': [1350], 'hospitals': [1352, 1400, 1409], 'service': [1358], 'located': [1364], 'large': [1366, 1371, 3465, 4351, 4463], 'cities.': [1367], 'There': [1368], 'smaller': [1379, 1952], 'ones': [1380], 'towns': [1383], 'southern': [1386], '1940,': [1392], 'insignificant': [1394, 3634], 'remnants': [1395], 'remained': [1401], 'instead,': [1403], 'wards': [1412], 'increased.': [1414], 'continued': [1416, 2752, 3056, 3769], 'do': [1418], 'so,': [1419], 'numbering': [1420], '40': [1422], '1970,': [1424], 'beds': [1431, 1474], 'reaching': [1433], 'slightly': [1434, 1462], 'over': [1435, 3263, 3777], '12': [1436], 'per': [1437, 1465], '100': [1438, 1466], '000': [1439, 1467], 'developments': [1442, 2280, 3651], 'improvements': [1444, 2392, 3511], 'decrease': [1452], 'beds,': [1457], 'dropped': [1460], 'below': [1463], 'two': [1464, 1849], '(Thorburn': [1469], 'longer': [1480], 'indicator': [1482], 'importance,': [1485], 'perhaps': [1490], '1980–90.': [1491], 'part': [1493], 'effort': [1497], 'support': [1499], 'standards': [1502, 4285], 'members,': [1505], '1923': [1507], 'together': [1512, 4128], 'corresponding': [1514], 'societies': [1515], 'elsewhere': [1516], 'launched': [1521], 'journal': [1523, 1527, 1577], 'Acta': [1524, 1552], 'Ophthalmologica.': [1525], 'rapidly': [1528, 3025], 'widely': [1530, 2727, 2821, 3488, 4031], 'read': [1531], 'main': [1545, 3869], 'source': [1546], 'written': [1548], 'information.': [1550], 'Originally,': [1551, 1647], 'journal,': [1557], 'recent': [1560], 'increasingly': [1565, 1675], 'impact': [1569], 'grown.': [1571], 'official': [1576], 'societies,': [1583], 'Association': [1589], 'Vision': [1591, 2848], 'Research': [1594, 2187], '(EVER)': [1595], '(Kivelä': [1596], '2006).': [1597], 'dramatic': [1599], 'evolution': [1600], 'communications': [1602], 'techniques': [1604], 'monumental': [1618], 'growth': [1619], 'knowledge,': [1622], 'forced': [1624], 'continual': [1625], 'ongoing': [1627], 'change': [1628], 'ways': [1631], 'works': [1634], 'maintain': [1636], 'matter,': [1654], 'organization,': [1663, 2037], 'accredited': [1665], 'After': [1669], 'II,': [1672], 'education': [1679, 1780], 'responsibility': [1692, 1769, 2025], 'task': [1695], 'accrediting': [1697], 'specialists': [1699], 'transferred': [1702, 2032], 'National': [1706, 2371], 'Board': [1707, 2372], 'Health': [1709, 2374], 'Welfare': [1711, 2376], '1961.': [1713], 'line': [1715], 'legislation': [1718], 'came': [1720], 'effect': [1722], '1955,': [1724], 'later': [1731, 2559, 2759, 2893], 'revisions,': [1732], 'employers': [1735, 1975, 2090], '(mainly': [1736], 'councils)': [1739], 'responsible': [1743, 2741], 'providing': [1745], 'young': [1750, 1900, 2121], 'physicians.': [1751], 'strongly': [1754], 'supported': [1755, 1855], 'ways.': [1759], 'councils': [1763], 'reluctant': [1765, 2093], 'sluggish': [1772], 'acknowledge': [1774], 'continuing': [1778, 3318], '(CME),': [1781], 'say': [1783], 'least.': [1785], 'One': [1786, 3999], 'consequences': [1789], 'that,': [1793], 'Sweden,': [1795, 2267, 3491, 3554], 'accreditation': [1802], 'specialist': [1806, 1825, 1844, 1980, 2027], 'MD.': [1810], 'order': [1812, 3583], 'fill': [1814], 'resulting': [1816], 'void,': [1817], '1989': [1819], 'voluntary': [1824], 'examination,': [1826], 'passed': [1830], 'steadily': [1833], 'increasing': [1834], 'continental': [1841], 'EU': [1843], 'examination.': [1845], 'For': [1846, 2020, 2067, 2105], 'decades,': [1850], 'proposals': [1856], 'scoring': [1863], 'CME': [1864, 1983, 2030], 'credits,': [1865], 'USA': [1869], 'Western': [1872], 'still': [1878, 4234, 4386], 'established.': [1881], 'response': [1883, 2509], 'needs': [1885], 'emerged': [1887], 'last': [1890, 3285], 'CME,': [1904], 'progressively': [1908], 'changed': [1909], 'structure': [1911], 'largely': [1920, 3011], 'scientific': [1921, 1946, 2586, 3982, 4261], 'format': [1924], 'predominantly': [1927, 2794], 'tutorial': [1928], 'since': [1930, 2999, 3440], '1997,': [1931], 'full': [1937, 2237], 'day': [1938], 'courses': [1940, 2002], 'training.': [1944], 'Advanced': [1945], 'discussions': [1947], 'work': [1949, 2446, 2552, 2604, 2914, 3213, 3260, 3740, 3759, 4122, 4392], 'groups,': [1953], 'satellite': [1954], 'conferences,': [1958], 'are': [1960, 2820, 3514, 3783, 4473, 4481], 'much': [1962, 2006, 2311, 3878, 4283], 'accessible': [1964], 'ago.': [1972], 'Because': [1973, 2089], 'provide': [1978, 2001, 2095], 'technology': [1994], 'pharmaceutical': [1996, 2304, 4112], 'industries': [1997], 'stepped': [1998], 'very': [2005, 2896, 3024], 'wanted': [2007], 'quality,': [2012], 'unfortunate': [2018], 'consequences.': [2019], 'reason,': [2022], '2002': [2024], 'collaborative': [2035], 'independent': [2036], 'IPULS': [2039], '(Institutet': [2040], 'Professionell': [2042], 'Utveckling': [2043], 'av': [2044], 'Läkere': [2045], 'i': [2046], 'Sverige,': [2047], 'Institute': [2049, 2188], 'development': [2052, 2427, 2519, 2608, 3504], 'Sweden),': [2056], 'handles': [2058], 'sometimes-conflicting': [2060], 'interests': [2061], 'stakeholders': [2065], 'involved.': [2066], 'end': [2072, 4189], 'specifying': [2083], 'trained.': [2088], 'training,': [2097], 'plans': [2099], 'successively': [2101], 'detailed.': [2104], 'similar': [2106, 3193], 'reasons,': [2107], 'developed': [2111, 2655, 3023, 4092, 4126, 4324], 'inspecting': [2115], 'assessing': [2117, 3657], 'train': [2120], 'clinicians': [2122], '(‘SPUR': [2123], 'inspections’;': [2124], 'SPUR': [2125], 'acronym': [2128], '‘Specialistutbildningsrådet’,': [2130], 'Specialist': [2133], 'Education': [2134], 'Council).': [2135], 'science': [2137, 3022], 'central': [2141], 'Society.': [2144], 'Many': [2145, 2378, 3239], 'members': [2148], 'achieved': [2150, 3646], 'recipients': [2157], 'prestigious': [2159], 'awards,': [2160], 'Prize': [2165], '(Allvar': [2166], 'Granit),': [2170], 'Proctor': [2172], 'Medal': [2173], '(Johan': [2174], 'Stjernschantz),': [2175], 'Friedenwald': [2177], 'Award': [2178, 2189], '(Ernst': [2179], 'Bárány': [2180, 3940], 'Anders': [2182, 2192, 2196, 4040, 4078, 4169, 4268, 4405], 'Bill),': [2183], 'Alcon': [2186], '(Albert': [2190], 'Alm,': [2191], 'Bill,': [2193], 'Berndt': [2194], 'Ehinger,': [2195], 'Heijl,': [2197], 'Torsten': [2198, 4179, 4263, 4403], 'Krakau': [2199, 4180, 4264], 'Per': [2201, 3931, 4003, 4167], 'Wistrand),': [2202], 'name': [2204, 3917], 'few.': [2207], 'implantation': [2209], 'intraocular': [2211, 2928, 3956], 'lenses': [2212], '(IOLs)': [2213], 'patients': [2222, 3357, 3714], 'Bengt': [2224, 3569, 3701], 'Rosengren': [2225, 3570], 'Gothenburg': [2227, 3256], '1953,': [2229], 'year': [2233], 'Harold': [2235], 'Ridley’s': [2236], 'publication': [2238, 3603], 'technique': [2241], 'procedure': [2244], '(Ridley': [2245], '1952).': [2246], 'merit': [2252], 'attempts,': [2254], '1977': [2260], 'IOLs': [2262], 'again': [2265], 'Maurizio': [2270], 'Pandolfi': [2271], 'Malmö,': [2273], 'encouraged': [2277], 'procedure.': [2283], 'introduction': [2285], 'successful': [2288, 2897, 3532], 'hyaluronan': [2289], 'preparation,': [2290], 'Healon®,': [2291], 'Pharmacia': [2293, 2295, 4157], '(Later': [2294], 'Ophthalmics,': [2296], 'merged': [2298], 'Pfizer),': [2300], 'company': [2305, 4113], '(Pape': [2306], '&': [2307, 4298], 'Balazs': [2308], '1980),': [2309], 'eliminate': [2313], 'postoperative': [2314], 'cornea': [2315], 'problems,': [2316], 'cataract': [2321, 2348, 2395, 2475], 'dramatically.': [2324], 'demand': [2327], 'correspondingly,': [2331], 'welfare': [2337], 'could': [2339], 'handle.': [2340], 'responded': [2343], 'switching': [2345], 'Bo': [2355], 'Philipson': [2356], '1985': [2358, 3316], 'endorsed': [2360], '(‘Socialstyrelsen’).': [2377], 'surgeons': [2380], 'swift': [2382], 'follow': [2384], 'suit.': [2385], 'easy': [2388], 'significant': [2401, 3345], 'medicine.': [2408], 'operation': [2410], 'common': [2417, 4254], 'elective': [2420], 'surgical': [2421], 'procedures,': [2422, 3596], 'prompted': [2425], 'quality': [2430, 2459, 2467], 'control': [2431, 2460], 'systems.': [2432], 'Mats': [2433, 4425], 'Lundström,': [2434, 4426], 'Ulf': [2435, 3119, 4421], 'Stenevi,': [2436], 'William': [2437, 4427], 'Thorburn': [2438, 4428], 'collaborators': [2441, 2803, 4305], 'performed': [2443, 2477, 4119], 'internationally': [2444, 3330, 3922, 3952, 3994, 4210], 'pioneering': [2445, 3786, 4274], 'respect,': [2449], 'enabling': [2450], 'establish': [2453], 'centre': [2456, 2465, 3332, 3641], 'systems,': [2461, 2781], 'EyeNet': [2462, 2484], 'supports': [2466], 'registries': [2468], 'outside': [2469], '7).': [2472], 'Number': [2473], 'procedures': [2476], '1980–2007.': [2481], 'Data': [2482], '2008': [2486], '(Lundström': [2487], '1885,': [2492], 'Frithiof': [2493], 'Holmgren,': [2494], 'Uppsala,': [2496, 3947, 4163], 'discovery': [2499, 3182], 'electrical': [2502], 'signals': [2503, 3060], 'generated': [2504, 2682, 3261], 'retina': [2507, 2555, 3550, 3562, 3587], 'light.': [2511], 'More': [2512, 3381, 3469], 'later,': [2517, 3568, 3753, 3780], 'electronic': [2521, 2610], 'amplifiers': [2522, 2611], 'Charles': [2536], 'Sherrington’s': [2537], 'laboratory': [2538, 2995, 3153], 'England': [2540], 'University': [2544, 3250, 3277, 4308], 'Pennsylvania': [2546], 'USA.': [2549], 'Helsinki': [2557], 'ingeniously': [2563], 'explain': [2566], 'electroretinogram': [2568], '(ERG),': [2569], '1967.': [2580], 'gifted': [2583], 'talents,': [2589], 'erudite,': [2598], 'eloquent': [2599], 'benevolent': [2601], 'master.': [2602], 'infancy,': [2615], 'built': [2620], 'while': [2623], 'UK': [2626], 'USA,': [2629], 'naming': [2630], '‘The': [2634], 'Child’s': [2635], 'Ass’': [2636], 'because,': [2637], 'said,': [2639], '‘You': [2640], 'never': [2641, 3899], 'know': [2642], '[will]': [2647], 'deliver’': [2648], '(Enroth-Cugell': [2649], '2001).': [2650, 4136], 'ERG': [2652, 2711, 2744, 2818], 'experimental': [2659, 3237], 'tool': [2660], 'furthering': [2665], 'understanding': [2666], 'normal': [2669], 'function': [2670, 3064], 'retina.': [2673], 'Gösta': [2675, 2830], 'Karpe': [2676, 2704], 'insights': [2681], 'develop': [2686, 2912], 'ERG.': [2688], 'Both': [2689], 'scientists': [2690, 3241, 3996], 'worked': [2691, 2884, 3083, 3830, 3991], 'Karolinska': [2694], 'Institute,': [2695], 'directly': [2700], 'collaborate': [2701], '8).': [2703], 'devised': [2705, 4272], 'method': [2707], 'recording': [2710], 'a-': [2712], 'b-waves': [2714], 'using': [2715, 2776, 4320, 4444], 'silver–silver': [2716], 'chloride': [2717], 'electrodes': [2718], 'corneal': [2721], 'contact': [2722], 'lens,': [2723], 'acknowledged': [2728], 'he,': [2730], 'along': [2731], 'colleagues,': [2738], 'thus': [2740], 'introducing': [2743], 'routine': [2747], 'work.': [2748], 'Sven': [2749, 2837, 2856, 3044, 3432, 3540, 3699], 'Nilsson': [2751, 2800, 2839, 3046, 3434], 'research,': [2754], 'Linköping.': [2761], 'showed': [2763, 2960, 3473, 4017], 'a-wave': [2765], 'originate': [2768, 2811], 'photoreceptors': [2771], 'subsequently': [2773], 'analyses': [2775], 'technically': [2777], 'demanding': [2778], 'DC': [2779], 'amplification': [2780], 'thereby': [2782, 3555], 'feasible': [2785], 'slower': [2789], 'elements': [2790], 'ERG,': [2793], 'c-wave': [2796], 'standing': [2798], 'potential.': [2799], 'able': [2805], 'verify': [2807], 'responses': [2810], 'retinal': [2814, 2881, 2916, 3171, 3194, 3223, 3231, 3421, 3448], 'pigment': [2815, 3067, 3422], 'epithelium.': [2816], 'Modern': [2817], 'recordings': [2819], 'studying': [2824], 'tapetoretinal': [2825, 3339], 'degenerations.': [2826, 3340], 'Left': [2827], 'right:': [2829], 'Karpe,': [2831], 'Granit,': [2833], 'Jules': [2834, 3525], 'Francois': [2835], 'International': [2842], 'Clinical': [2845], 'Electrophysiology': [2846], '(ISCEV)': [2849], 'Symposium,': [2850], '1984.': [2852], '(Photograph': [2853, 3929], 'loaned': [2854], 'Nilsson).': [2858], '1887,': [2860], 'gave': [2872], 'description': [2875], 'microscopic': [2878], 'anatomy': [2879, 3086], 'detachment.': [2882], 'Theodore': [2886], 'Leber’s': [2887], 'department': [2888, 3087, 3626], 'Göttingen': [2890], '(Germany)': [2891], '1895': [2904], '1915.': [2907], 'Nordenson': [2909], 'detachment': [2917, 3517], 'pathology': [2918, 2970, 2975, 2994], 'effective': [2921, 3368], 'strategy.': [2924], 'Albin': [2925], 'Dalén': [2926], 'studied': [2927, 3074, 3089], 'inflammations': [2929], 'described': [2931], 'epitheloid': [2933], 'cell': [2934], 'accumulations': [2935], 'sympathetic': [2937], 'ophthalmia,': [2938], 'Dalén–Fuchs': [2942], 'noduli': [2943], '(Dalén': [2944], '1904).': [2945], 'Von': [2946], 'Hippel–Lindau': [2947], 'syndrome': [2948, 3874], 'named': [2950], 'pathologist,': [2955], 'Arvid': [2956], 'Lindau,': [2957], 'convincingly': [2959], 'entity': [2966], '(Lindau': [2967], '1926).': [2968], 'Ocular': [2969], 'differs': [2971], 'significantly': [2972, 4325], 'discipline': [2981, 3297], 'right.': [2985], '1960,': [2987], 'Kock': [2989], 'pioneered': [2990, 3544], 'ocular': [2993, 3018, 4053], 'which,': [2998], '1995,': [3000], 'run': [3003], 'Stefan': [3005], 'Seregard.': [3006], 'renowned': [3008, 3560], 'unit': [3009], 'focused': [3012], 'pathology,': [3016], 'including': [3017, 3244], 'tumours.': [3019], 'Basic': [3020], 'neurobiological': [3021], 'careers': [3041], 'neurobiologists.': [3043], 'electron': [3049], 'microscopy': [3050], 'photoreceptors,': [3054], 'electrophysiological': [3059], 'related': [3061], 'epithelium,': [3068], 'described.': [3071], 'phagocytic': [3076], 'activity': [3077], 'tissue.': [3080], 'Sjöstrand': [3082], 'axonal': [3091], 'transport': [3092], 'amino': [3095], 'acids': [3096], 'peripheral': [3098], 'nerves': [3099], 'optic': [3102], 'nerve,': [3103], 'before': [3104, 3133], 'contrast': [3111], 'sensitivity': [3112], 'psychophysical': [3115], 'parameters': [3116], 'Stenevi': [3120], 'writing': [3123], 'plasticity': [3129], 'brain': [3131], 'neurons': [3132, 3172], 'becoming': [3134], 'ophthalmologist,': [3136], 'specializing': [3138], 'anterior': [3140, 3974], 'segment': [3142], 'surgery.': [3143, 3644], 'Lund,': [3145, 3279, 4176], 'I': [3146], '(Berndt': [3147], 'Ehinger)': [3148], 'neurobiology': [3152], '35': [3157], 'years': [3158, 3752, 3779], '2005,': [3160], 'original': [3163, 4101], 'identifying': [3166], 'neurotransmitters': [3168, 3188], 'synaptic': [3175], 'contacts.': [3176], 'multitude': [3185], 'neuromodulators': [3190], 'seemingly': [3192], 'neurons,': [3195], 'dopaminergic': [3200], 'interplexiform': [3201], 'cells': [3202, 3224], 'represent': [3203], 'particular': [3205], 'type': [3206], 'intraretinal': [3208], 'feedback': [3209], 'neuron.': [3210], 'Subsequently,': [3211], 'extended': [3215], 'pathobiology': [3220, 4381], 'degenerating': [3222], 'methods': [3227], 'treat': [3229], 'degenerative': [3230], 'diseases,': [3232], 'success': [3235, 4152], 'animals.': [3238], 'prominent': [3240], 'involved,': [3243, 3820], 'John': [3245], 'E.': [3246, 4178], 'Dowling': [3247], 'Harvard': [3249], 'Theo': [3252], 'van': [3253], 'Veen': [3254], 'Lund.': [3258], '25': [3264], 'dissertations': [3266], 'Medical': [3273], 'Faculty': [3274], 'Håkan': [3280], 'Westling': [3281], '(referring': [3282], 'century)': [3290], 'noted': [3291, 3882], '‘no': [3293], 'doubt,': [3294], 'Lund/Malmö': [3299], 'must': [3300], 'foremost': [3305, 3499], 'country’': [3308], '(Westling': [3309], '2003).': [3310], 'Beginning': [3311], 'DNA-based': [3320], 'genetic': [3321], 'analyses,': [3322], 'Sten': [3323], 'Andréasson': [3324], 'nationally': [3328], 'recognized': [3331], 'Diabetic': [3341], 'retinopathy': [3342], 'problem': [3347], 'diabetes': [3356, 3395], 'survive': [3360], 'decades.': [3362], 'Nationally,': [3363], 'photocoagulation': [3364], 'verified': [3366, 4200], '1970s': [3371, 4105], '1980s': [3373], 'Birgitta': [3375, 3493], 'Zetterström-Karpe,': [3376], 'Törnquist': [3378, 3613], 'StaffanStenkula.': [3380], 'recently,': [3382, 3470], 'Elisabet': [3383], 'Carl-David': [3385], 'Agardh': [3386], 'management': [3392], 'can': [3393, 4020], 'reduce': [3394], 'complications,': [3396], 'meeting,': [3397], 'respects': [3401, 3695], 'even': [3402], 'surpassing,': [3403], 'goals': [3405], 'St': [3408], 'Vincent': [3409], 'Declaration': [3410], '1989.': [3412], 'Based': [3413], 'phagocytosis': [3417], 'mechanisms': [3418], 'epithelium': [3423, 4015], 'conducted': [3429], 'study,': [3431], 'Christina': [3436], 'Frennesson': [3437], '1998': [3442], 'modest': [3444], 'laser': [3445], 'drusen': [3449], 'preventing': [3454], 'age-related': [3455], 'macular': [3456], 'degeneration.': [3457], 'idea': [3459], 'under': [3462], 'investigation': [3463], 'trials.': [3468], 'anti-VEGF': [3474], 'disease': [3478, 3523, 4224, 4384], 'extremely': [3481, 3507], 'successful.': [3482], 'strategy': [3484, 3534], 'Bauer': [3494], 'proponents': [3500], 'teachers.': [3502], 'Its': [3503], 'rapid': [3508], 'likely.': [3515], 'Retinal': [3516], 'incurable': [3521], 'blinding': [3522], 'Gonin': [3526], 'Lausanne': [3528], 'reasonably': [3531], '1920s.': [3537], '1932,': [3539], 'Larsson': [3541], '9)': [3543], 'scarring': [3545], 'choroid': [3548], 'electrodiathermy': [3552], 'surgeon': [3563, 3618], 'Slightly': [3567], '10)': [3572], 'injecting': [3577], 'air': [3578], 'vitreous': [3581], 'push': [3585], 'towards': [3588], 'choroid,': [3590], 'scleral': [3594], 'buckling': [3595], 'delayed': [3601], 'acceptance': [3605], '(Rosengren': [3609], '1966).': [3610], 'Later,': [3611], '11),': [3615], 'headed': [3624], 'Örebro': [3628], '1961–1983,': [3630], 'turned': [3631], 'previously': [3633], 'vitreoretinal': [3643], 'monitoring': [3649], 'field': [3654], 'systematically': [3656], 'publishing': [3659], 'collaborators’': [3664], 'results.': [3665], 'may': [3667, 3853, 3889], 'seem': [3668], 'simple,': [3669], 'is,': [3672], 'reality,': [3674], 'tough': [3675], 'work,': [3676], 'requiring': [3677], 'open': [3679], 'bold': [3681], 'outlook,': [3682], 'judgement': [3684], 'huge': [3686], 'organizational': [3687], 'talent.': [3688], 'Contemporary': [3689], 'university': [3690], 'departments': [3691], 'lagged': [3697], 'behind.': [3698], 'Larsson.': [3700], 'Rosengren.': [3702], 'Törnquist.': [3704], 'Around': [3705], '1929,': [3706], 'Henrik': [3707, 3927], 'Sjögren,': [3708], 'investigate': [3713], 'dry': 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