Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2030522563', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/256495a0', 'title': 'Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity', 'display_name': 'Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity', 'publication_year': 1975, 'publication_date': '1975-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2030522563', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/256495a0', 'mag': '2030522563', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1172191'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/256495a0', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040482719', 'display_name': 'Georges Köhler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I170203145', 'display_name': 'MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tw3jy02', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I170203145', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. KÖHLER', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170203145']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108412595', 'display_name': 'César Milstein', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I170203145', 'display_name': 'MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tw3jy02', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I170203145', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105', 'https://openalex.org/I90344618']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. MILSTEIN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170203145']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 9750, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 11690, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.756, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 17051, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.996393, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '256', 'issue': '5517', 'first_page': '495', 'last_page': '497'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10602', 'display_name': 'Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research', 'score': 0.9885, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10602', 'display_name': 'Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research', 'score': 0.9885, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11016', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research', 'score': 0.9706, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11663', 'display_name': 'Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects', 'score': 0.9567, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-fusion', 'display_name': 'Cell fusion', 'score': 0.56959313}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159654299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460', 'display_name': 'Antibody', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7734081}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780931953', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9371', 'display_name': 'Spleen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.70911944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81885089', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082', 'display_name': 'Cell culture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66109496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C542903549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal antibody', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6530435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92488253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56592403', 'display_name': 'Cell fusion', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56959313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776364478', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467635', 'display_name': 'Multiple myeloma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5179671}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49039625', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84230', 'display_name': 'Secretion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45583677}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153911025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202', 'display_name': 'Molecular biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44859684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1491633281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868', 'display_name': 'Cell', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44588438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90703135', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3287622', 'display_name': 'Tissue culture', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.43555942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42325014}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3628475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202751555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681', 'display_name': 'In vitro', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17997643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09232724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07657504}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000917', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibody Formation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000918', 'descriptor_name': 'Antibody Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004912', 'descriptor_name': 'Erythrocytes', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002459', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Fusion', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002460', 'descriptor_name': 'Cell Line', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D046508', 'descriptor_name': 'Culture Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004912', 'descriptor_name': 'Erythrocytes', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005815', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Code', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007136', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunoglobulins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000096', 'qualifier_name': 'biosynthesis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007136', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunoglobulins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051379', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008807', 'descriptor_name': 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009101', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Myeloma', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009101', 'descriptor_name': 'Multiple Myeloma', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013154', 'descriptor_name': 'Spleen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013154', 'descriptor_name': 'Spleen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/256495a0', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137773608', 'display_name': 'Nature', 'issn_l': '0028-0836', 'issn': ['0028-0836', '1476-4687'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1172191', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.75, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'display_name': 'Zero hunger'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 14, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1527093233', 'https://openalex.org/W1974379113', 'https://openalex.org/W1997644086', 'https://openalex.org/W2049390252', 'https://openalex.org/W2055301649', 'https://openalex.org/W2066803957', 'https://openalex.org/W2075507370', 'https://openalex.org/W2079492426', 'https://openalex.org/W2087737282', 'https://openalex.org/W2133159445', 'https://openalex.org/W2141155302', 'https://openalex.org/W2165175131', 'https://openalex.org/W2340095993', 'https://openalex.org/W637797325'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3025172834', 'https://openalex.org/W2374622757', 'https://openalex.org/W2363876635', 'https://openalex.org/W2354402740', 'https://openalex.org/W2114662880', 'https://openalex.org/W2065284647', 'https://openalex.org/W2060358427', 'https://openalex.org/W2049784275', 'https://openalex.org/W1749343426', 'https://openalex.org/W1544984348'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030522563', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 257}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 277}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 276}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 266}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 298}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 278}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 273}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 294}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 280}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 320}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 321}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 365}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 369}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-14T20:23:54.387979', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}