Publication Information

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2460, 2690, 2703], 'old': [298], 'set': [299, 1198], 'with': [304, 414, 482, 649, 736, 761, 952, 1240, 2173, 2226, 2289], '‘tradition-shattering’': [306], 'new': [307, 327, 1179, 2380], 'one.': [308, 2602], 'A': [309], '‘revolution’': [310], 'consequently': [312], 'said': [313], 'occurred': [316], 'comes': [320], 'from': [323, 331, 805, 1070, 1098, 1616, 1740, 1972, 1975, 2428, 2740], 'acquisition': [325, 1140], 'beliefs,': [328], 'also': [330, 1766], 'loss': [333], 'older,': [338], 'fundamentally': [339], 'incompatible,': [340], 'ones': [341, 1433], 'trained': [345], 'physicist': [348], 'supported': [350], 'arguments': [352, 1348, 2804], 'using': [353, 781, 1157, 2108, 2378, 2519], 'examples': [354], 'Ptolemaic-to-Copernican': [358], 'breakthrough': [359], 'astronomy': [361], 'bias': [365], 'remarked': [368], 'upon': [369], 'later': [371, 2048, 2374], 'commentators,': [372], 'who': [373, 1434], 'suggested': [376], 'candidates': [380, 481], 'Darwinian': [383, 2140, 2239, 2409], 'evolution': [384], '(Cohen,': [385, 2669], '1985),': [386], 'questioned': [389], "Kuhn's": [391, 533], 'model': [392, 774], 'applied': [395, 702, 783], 'all': [399], "(O'Malley": [400], 'Boucher,': [402], '2005).': [403, 747, 817, 1301, 2721], 'Such': [404], 'considerations': [405], 'notwithstanding,': [406], 'still': [408], 'provides': [409, 1044, 1237], 'much': [410], 'jargon': [413], 'dramatic': [416], 'discovery': [418], 'promoted': [420], 'borne': [424], 'mind': [426], 'those': [428, 516, 1361, 2558], 'eager': [429], 'know': [431, 998, 1023, 1049, 1080], 'revolution': [434], 'under': [436, 2261], 'way.': [437, 2770], 'Is': [438, 1262], 'revolution?': [443], 'There': [444], 'certainly': [446], 'no': [448], 'doubt': [449], 'approach': [454, 499, 528, 1194, 2402], 'catching': [456], 'over': [459, 1487, 2045, 2130, 2538], 'past': [461, 590], '5': [462, 591], 'years': [463, 1489, 2047], 'number': [465, 2222], 'articles': [467, 584, 2624], 'mentioning': [468, 585], 'term': [470], 'risen': [472], 'exponentially': [473], '(Fig.': [474], '1)': [475], 'and,': [477, 2679], 'increasingly,': [478], 'employers': [479], 'target': [480], 'expertise.': [485], 'What': [486], 'open': [488], 'debate,': [490], 'however,': [491], 'extent': [494], 'this': [497, 511, 684, 963, 1051, 1085, 1263, 1601, 1608, 1621, 1702, 1729, 1831, 1851, 1893, 1914, 2327, 2706, 2790], 'properly': [501], 'called': [503, 1548, 2504], 'shift.': [506], 'rest': [509], 'article,': [512, 973], 'I': [513, 539, 1273, 2492, 2603, 2771, 2806], 'attempts': [517], 'made': [521, 1400, 1592, 1615, 1745, 1838, 2044, 2243], 'formalize': [523], 'reveal': [526], 'an': [527, 950, 1018, 1071, 1238, 1446, 1874, 2248, 2310, 2485, 2546, 2731], 'falls': [530], 'squarely': [531], 'within': [532], 'definition': [534], 'science.': [537], 'Indeed': [538], 'argue': [540, 729, 1207, 1274], 'biology,': [543, 636, 1382, 1482, 2597], 'remains': [545, 2635], 'concept': [547, 2245], 'waiting': [548], 'for': [549, 662, 924, 1265, 1279, 1486, 1506, 1880, 2065, 2128, 2386, 2537, 2675, 2783], 'definition’': [551], '(Fox': [552, 2614], 'Keller,': [553, 2615, 2698], '2005a),': [554, 2616], 'retreads': [555], 'conceptual': [557, 1252], 'ground': [558], 'covered': [559], 'post-Darwinian': [561, 2255, 2328], 'physiology': [562, 2212, 2273, 2329, 2536], 'resembles': [564], 'nothing': [565], 'more': [566, 694, 707, 792, 879, 1637, 2148], 'than': [567, 1340, 2150, 2451, 2763], 'application': [569], '19th': [571, 2203, 2209], 'physiological': [573], 'reasoning': [574], "today's": [576, 2488, 2580, 2711], 'molecular': [577, 786, 1377, 1393, 2431], 'data.': [579], 'The': [580, 748, 788, 959, 1125, 1235, 1575, 1654, 1738, 1797, 1855, 2015, 2434, 2541], 'exponential': [581], 'rise': [582], 'biology’': [587, 598, 1230, 2055], 'years.': [592], 'Articles': [593], 'were': [594, 1752, 2146], 'counted': [595], 'if': [596, 938, 1539, 1599, 1749, 2744], 'appeared': [599], 'title': [602], 'abstract': [604], 'PubMed': [607], 'database': [608], '(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).': [609], 'Note': [610], 'y-axis': [613], 'scale': [614], 'logarithmic.': [616], 'helpful': [620], 'remind': [622], 'ourselves': [623], 'claims': [632], 'replace.': [634], 'Normal': [635], 'broadly': [637], 'speaking,': [638], 'held': [640], 'consist': [642], '‘simple': [644, 1203], 'reductionist': [645, 738, 1204, 1309, 1359, 2581], 'approaches’': [646, 1205], 'main': [651, 734], 'claim': [652], 'reductionism': [654, 797, 2568], 'being': [655], 'one': [657, 885, 2117, 2251, 2321], 'reduces': [659, 666, 671, 676], 'another;': [661], 'instance': [663], 'chemistry,': [668], 'chemistry': [670], 'physics,': [673], 'physics': [675], 'maths,': [678], 'so': [680, 1620, 1633, 1728, 1850, 1882, 1913], 'on.': [681], 'Central': [682], 'belief': [685], 'idea': [688, 2086, 2542], 'any': [690, 1521, 2801], 'phenomenon': [691], '‘complex’': [695], 'generated': [699, 1212, 1963], 'algorithms': [701, 782], 'entities': [704], '‘simple’': [708], '(Dennett,': [710, 2133, 2569], '1995).': [711, 2134], 'However,': [712, 1624, 1966, 2633], 'considering': [714], 'problem': [716], 'interpret': [720], 'datasets': [722], '‘-omic’': [725], 'experiments,': [726], 'there': [731], '‘are': [732], 'two': [733, 1280, 1794], 'problems': [735], 'philosophy': [739], 'impeded': [742], 'progress’': [743], '(Sweetlove': [744, 814, 1298], 'Fernie,': [746, 816, 1300], 'first': [749, 2179, 2343, 2355, 2393], 'charge': [750, 790], 'mathematical': [754, 1158, 1254, 2416, 2523, 2662], 'computational': [756], 'techniques': [757, 1159, 2417], 'struggle': [758], 'cope': [760], 'vast': [763], 'amount': [764], 'information': [766, 1152], 'must': [768, 1410], 'processed': [770], 'order': [772, 866], 'even': [775], 'simplest': [777], 'level.': [787, 893, 1216], 'second': [789, 1856], 'revealing,': [793], 'holds': [795], 'cannot': [798], 'function': [801, 888, 1210, 1249, 1444, 2167, 2247, 2544], 'because': [802, 1009, 1032, 1060, 1093, 1307, 2619], '‘function': [803], 'results': [804], 'interactions': [808], 'between': [809, 1256, 1455, 1640, 2049, 2647], 'large': [810], 'numbers': [811], 'molecules’': [813], 'To': [818, 1188, 1441], 'illustrate': [819], 'this,': [820], 'let': [821, 2312], 'use': [823, 2253], 'analogy': [825], 'trying': [827], 'flying': [831], 'airplane': [832, 844, 991], '(after': [833], 'Kitano,': [834], 'clear': [838, 2497], 'giving': [840], 'list': [842, 1226, 1582, 2051], 'sufficient': [848], 'comprehend': [850], 'flight': [851, 1073], 'random': [854, 2430], 'collection': [855], 'nuts,': [857], 'bolts': [858, 1012], 'sheet': [860], 'metal': [861], 'will': [862, 1720], 'fly.': [864], 'function,': [869], 'therefore,': [870], 'argues': [873, 1311], 'holistic': [880], 'view': [881], 'phenomena,': [884], 'emerges': [889], 'higher-than-molecular': [892, 1215], 'level': [897, 1323, 1897, 1911, 1918], '‘systems’,': [899], 'whose': [900, 2625], 'behaviour': [901, 1529, 1761], 'described': [903], 'topological,': [905], 'physico-chemical,': [907], 'laws.': [908], 'Having': [909], 'added': [910, 1635, 1793], 'ontology,': [915, 2184], 'goes': [918], 'give': [921, 1088, 2447, 2456], '‘framework': [923], 'defining': [925], 'hierarchy': [927], 'essential': [929], 'questions’': [930], '(Somerville': [931], 'et': [932, 1232, 2022, 2057], 'al.,': [933, 1233, 2058], '2004)': [934, 1175], 'need': [936, 996, 1021, 1047, 1078], 'answering': [937], 'emergent': [943, 1407, 1447, 2547], 'phenomena.': [944], 'other': [946, 1631, 2651], 'words,': [947], 'defines': [949, 1658], 'epistemology': [951, 964, 1239, 1497, 2405], 'investigate': [955, 2515], 'describe': [957], 'systems.': [958, 1261, 1653], 'description': [961, 1627, 2554], 'found': [967], 'most-cited': [970], 'states': [975, 1811], '‘system-level': [978], 'understanding’': [979], '2002)': [981], 'requires': [982], 'elucidation': [984], 'four': [986, 1106, 1542, 1714, 1717, 1864, 1934], 'key': [987, 2120], 'elements.': [988], 'Using': [989], 'once': [993], 'again,': [994], 'fitted': [1002], 'structures': [1005, 1026], '(the': [1006, 1029, 1057, 1090], 'plane': [1007, 1030, 1058, 1091], 'flies': [1008, 1031, 1059, 1092], 'nuts': [1010], 'assembled': [1014, 2095], 'wings': [1016, 1034], 'engine),': [1019], 'dynamically': [1027], 'interact': [1028], 'lift': [1036], 'same': [1039], 'time': [1040], 'engine': [1043], 'thrust),': [1045], 'dynamism': [1052], 'monitored': [1054], 'controlled': [1056], 'pilots': [1062], 'cockpit': [1066], 'correcting': [1067], 'observed': [1068], 'deviations': [1069], 'ideal': [1072], 'path),': [1074], 'finally': [1076], 'desired': [1082], 'outcome': [1083], 'control': [1086], 'want': [1095], 'get': [1097], 'London': [1099], 'Plymouth': [1101], 'cheaply': [1102], 'safely).': [1104], 'These': [1105], 'epistemological': [1107, 1478, 2528], 'elements': [1108], 'named,': [1111], 'respectively,': [1112], '‘system': [1114, 1116, 1674, 1803], 'structures’,': [1115], 'dynamics’,': [1117], '‘control': [1118, 1677], 'method’,': [1119], '‘design': [1121, 1885], 'method’': [1122, 1678, 1886], 'final': [1126, 2270], 'piece': [1127], 'jigsaw': [1132], 'adds': [1133], 'methodology': [1134, 2192], 'ontology': [1136, 1378], 'epistemology.': [1138], 'Data': [1139], 'methods': [1141], 'span': [1142], 'spectrum': [1145], 'data': [1147], 'analysis': [1148, 1183], 'concentrates': [1149], 'describing': [1151, 1818], 'flow': [1153, 2425], 'feedback': [1156], 'focus': [1161, 2314, 2709], 'mid-20th': [1164], '‘cybernetics’': [1166], 'Norbert': [1168], 'Weiner': [1169], '2002;': [1171], 'Westerhoff': [1172], 'Palsson,': [1174, 2716], 'exciting': [1178], 'field': [1180], 'network': [1182], '(Barabási': [1184], 'Oltvai,': [1186], '2004).': [1187, 2670], 'recapitulate,': [1189], 'proponents': [1190], 'themselves': [1199], 'opposition': [1201], 'Accordingly,': [1217], 'require': [1220], '‘two': [1221], 'distinct': [1222], 'levels': [1223], 'completion’–‘parts': [1225], 'completion’': [1227, 1583, 2052], '(Selinger': [1231, 2056], '2003).': [1234, 2059], 'latter': [1236], 'emergence': [1245], 'regulation': [1247], 'drawing': [1251], 'analogies': [1255], 'designed,': [1259, 1534], 'end-directed,': [1260], 'enough': [1264], 'constitute': [1269], 'shift?': [1272], 'not,': [1278, 2794], 'reasons.': [1281], 'First,': [1282], 'seen': [1285, 1650, 2747], 'explicitly': [1289], 'sets': [1290], 'against': [1292, 2606], '‘reductionist': [1296], 'philosophy’': [1297, 1310], 'disingenuous': [1305], 'stance': [1306], 'reduced': [1316, 1327], 'does': [1319, 1385, 1607, 1892, 2577, 2793], 'specify': [1321], 'to.': [1328], 'While': [1329], '‘Reductionism': [1330], 'dirty': [1333], 'word,': [1334], 'kind': [1337], '“holistier': [1339], 'thou”': [1341], 'self-righteousness': [1342], 'become': [1344, 2070], 'fashionable’': [1345], '(Dawkins,': [1346], '1982),': [1347], 'seek': [1350, 1363, 1387], 'reduce': [1352, 1365], 'engineering': [1355], 'are,': [1356], 'fundamentally,': [1357], 'chemistry.': [1368, 2397], 'Systems': [1369, 2511], 'add': [1372], 'current': [1376, 2681], '‘parts': [1380, 1581, 2050], 'list’': [1381], 'falsify': [1389], 'behaviour.': [1394], 'Instead': [1395], 'suggests': [1397], 'up': [1401], 'display': [1406], 'properties': [1408, 1421, 1543, 2306], 'considered': [1412], 'to,': [1415], 'instead': [1418, 1757], 'of,': [1419], 'themselves.': [1425], 'Second,': [1426], 'noticed': [1436], 'importance': [1438, 1788], 'connectivity.': [1440], 'property': [1448, 2548], 'connections': [1454, 2069], 'system': [1460, 1535, 1590, 1764, 1815, 1827], 'determine': [1463], 'perform': [1468], 'particular': [1470, 2160], 'task.': [1471], 'idea,': [1473], 'corresponding': [1476], 'end-directed': [1477, 2113, 2471], 'toolkit': [1479], 'around': [1485], '2300': [1488], '(Box': [1490, 2205], '1': [1491, 1493], 'Box': [1492, 2207], 'Aristotle': [1494, 1500, 1634, 1784, 1953], 'design': [1499, 1649, 1925, 1961, 2114], '(384–322': [1501], 'bc)': [1502], 'wanted': [1503], 'search': [1505, 1515], 'explanations': [1507], 'natural': [1509, 2079, 2593], 'events': [1510, 1820, 2517], 'inspire': [1512, 2177], 'wonder.': [1513], 'His': [1514], 'led': [1516, 2297], 'him': [1517, 1927], 'conclude': [1519], 'might': [1524, 1536, 2152], 'asked': [1526, 2469], 'about': [1527], 'complex,': [1532], 'apparently': [1533], 'answered': [1538, 1598], 'knew': [1541], 'system.': [1546, 1782], 'He': [1547], 'aitiai,': [1551], 'word': [1553], 'rendered': [1557], 'English': [1559], '‘causes’,': [1561], 'better': [1566], 'translated': [1567], '‘explanations’': [1569], '(Aristotle,': [1570, 1949], 'APst': [1571], '90a7–94b34;': [1572], 'GA': [1573], '715a1–17).': [1574], 'first,': [1576], '‘material’,': [1577], 'cause': [1578, 1602, 1657, 1685, 1696, 1799, 1858, 2024], 'corresponds': [1579, 1800], 'tells': [1585], 'what': [1587, 1877], 'from.': [1593], 'Some': [1594], 'questions': [1595, 1690, 2464], '(Q.': [1605, 1699, 1828, 1890], '‘Why': [1606, 1700, 1829, 1891], 'table': [1609, 1613, 1622, 1703, 1712, 1730, 1832, 1836, 1852, 1894, 1901, 1915], 'burn?’': [1610], 'A.': [1611, 1710, 1834, 1899], '‘This': [1612, 1711, 1835, 1900], 'wood,': [1617], 'wood': [1618, 1845], 'burns,': [1619], 'burns’).': [1623], "can't": [1628], 'answer': [1629, 1689], 'questions,': [1632], 'three': [1636, 1984], 'causes': [1638, 1775, 1865, 1935, 1986], 'which,': [1639], 'them,': [1641], 'allow': [1642], 'explanation': [1645, 1875, 2064], 'apparent': [1648], 'second,': [1655], '‘formal’': [1656, 1684, 1774], 'way': [1660, 1671], 'arranged': [1665], 'maintained,': [1667], 'similar': [1670], 'structures’': [1675], 'biology.': [1681], 'Knowing': [1682], 'allows': [1686], 'knowing': [1692], '‘material’': [1695, 1772], 'would': [1697, 1765, 2604, 2772], 'stable': [1705, 1723, 1733], 'flat': [1708, 1726, 1736], 'floor?’': [1709], 'equal': [1715, 1718], 'legs,': [1716, 1755], 'legs': [1719], 'floor,': [1727], 'floor’).': [1737], 'material': [1739, 2037], '‘form’': [1743, 1751], 'irrelevant': [1747], 'different': [1753], '(three': [1754], 'say,': [1756], 'four)': [1759], 'different.': [1768], 'Taken': [1769], 'together,': [1770], 'static': [1778], 'fully': [1785], 'understood': [1786], 'explaining': [1790], 'change': [1791], 'dynamic': [1795, 1857], 'causes.': [1796], '‘efficient’': [1798], 'dynamics’': [1804], 'covers': [1809], 'through': [1812], 'passes': [1816], 'produced': [1823], 'changed': [1825], 'smooth?’': [1833], 'was': [1837, 1962, 2158, 2218, 2234, 2283, 2341, 2353, 2473], 'carpenter,': [1841], 'carpenters': [1842], 'sand': [1843], 'rough': [1844], 'until': [1846, 2075], 'smooth,': [1849], 'smooth’).': [1854], 'last': [1861], 'is,': [1866], 'appropriately': [1867], 'enough,': [1868], '‘final’': [1870], 'cause.': [1871], 'something': [1878], 'preempts': [1883], 'surface?’': [1898], 'eat': [1904], 'off,': [1905], 'food': [1906], "won't": [1907], 'slide': [1908], 'off': [1909], 'surface,': [1912], 'top’).': [1919], "Aristotle's": [1920, 1983], 'appreciation': [1921], 'nature': [1923], 'shows': [1924], 'lead': [1926], 'integrate': [1929], 'doctrine': [1931], 'stunning': [1938], 'works,': [1940], 'particularly': [1941, 2285], 'History': [1942], 'Animals': [1944, 1948], 'Generation': [1946], 'HA,': [1950], 'GA).': [1951], 'Significantly,': [1952], 'himself': [1954], 'left': [1955], 'hanging': [1956], '(Gotthelf,': [1964], '1999).': [1965], 'reputation': [1968], 'unfairly': [1970], 'suffered': [1971], '‘argument': [1974], 'design’': [1976], 'mediaeval': [1978], 'Scholasticism,': [1979], 'reasoned': [1981], '‘design’': [1985], 'reflected': [1987], '(and': [1988], 'indeed': [1989], 'proved)': [1990], 'existence': [1992], 'designer.': [1995], 'Thus': [1996, 2398], '12th': [1998], 'hymn': [2000], 'writer,': [2001], 'Adam': [2002], 'St.': [2004], 'Victor,': [2005], 'could': [2006, 2426], 'write': [2007], '(Blume': [2008], 'Dreves,': [2010], '1915):': [2011], 'effectiva': [2012], 'vel': [2013], 'formalis': [2014], 'effective': [2016], 'formal': [2019], 'causa': [2020], 'Deus,': [2021], 'finalis,': [2023], 'God': [2025], 'be,': [2027], 'final,': [2030], 'sed': [2031], 'numquam': [2032], 'materia': [2033], 'never': [2035], 'And': [2038], 'neatly': [2039], 'paraphrase': [2040], 'ontological': [2042, 2526], 'distinction': [2043], '800': [2046], '),': [2060], 'convincing': [2063], 'specific': [2068], 'established': [2071], 'had': [2072], 'wait': [2074], "Darwin's": [2076, 2162, 2213], 'theory': [2077, 2214], 'selection': [2080], '(Darwin,': [2081, 2168, 2364], '1859).': [2082], 'Even': [2083], 'so,': [2084], 'way,': [2099], 'albeit': [2100, 2598], 'chance,': [2102], 'they': [2104, 2726, 2745, 2799], 'explored': [2107], 'teleological': [2110, 2185], 'language': [2111], 'modern,': [2124], 'reductionist,': [2125], 'evolutionary': [2126], 'synthesis': [2127, 2181], 'well': [2129], 'implications': [2138], '‘teleology’': [2141, 2240, 2410], '(Gray,': [2142, 2241], '1874;': [2143], 'Lennox,': [2144], '1993)': [2145], 'grasped': [2147], 'immediately': [2149], 'remember': [2153], 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