Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2028861950', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/380404', 'title': 'Rainfall Variability, Drought Characterization, and Efficacy of Rainfall Data Reconstruction: Case of Eastern Kenya', 'display_name': 'Rainfall Variability, Drought Characterization, and Efficacy of Rainfall Data Reconstruction: Case of Eastern Kenya', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2028861950', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/380404', 'mag': '2028861950'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/380404', 'pdf_url': 'https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2015/380404.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S19799837', 'display_name': 'Advances in Meteorology', 'issn_l': '1687-9309', 'issn': ['1687-9309', '1687-9317'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319869', 'host_organization_name': 'Hindawi Publishing Corporation', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319869'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Hindawi Publishing Corporation'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2015/380404.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008541869', 'display_name': 'M. Oscar Kisaka', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1258-7879'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153975220', 'display_name': 'Kenyatta University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p2z3x69', 'country_code': 'KE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}], 'countries': ['KE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Oscar Kisaka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Environmental Science, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Environmental Science, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056534018', 'display_name': 'Monicah Mucheru‐Muna', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-7233'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153975220', 'display_name': 'Kenyatta University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p2z3x69', 'country_code': 'KE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}], 'countries': ['KE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Mucheru-Muna', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Environmental Science, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Environmental Science, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073603572', 'display_name': 'Felix K. Ngetich', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7058-7973'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153975220', 'display_name': 'Kenyatta University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p2z3x69', 'country_code': 'KE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}], 'countries': ['KE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. K. Ngetich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062064961', 'display_name': 'J. N. Mugwe', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-7166'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153975220', 'display_name': 'Kenyatta University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05p2z3x69', 'country_code': 'KE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}], 'countries': ['KE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. N. Mugwe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Agricultural Resource Management, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047742531', 'display_name': 'D.N. Mugendi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-662X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I3132506069', 'display_name': 'University of Embu', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hzs6t60', 'country_code': 'KE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I3132506069']}], 'countries': ['KE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Mugendi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Embu University College, P.O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Embu University College, P.O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I3132506069']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034405090', 'display_name': 'Franklin Mairura', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-2979'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210118691', 'display_name': 'International Center for Tropical Agriculture', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qk18s08', 'country_code': 'KE', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1286583668', 'https://openalex.org/I4210118691', 'https://openalex.org/I64492213']}], 'countries': ['KE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. Mairura', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TSBF-CIAT, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TSBF-CIAT, Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210118691']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5008541869'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1700, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1700, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1700, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1700, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 2.842, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 90, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999947, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '2015', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '16'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11186', 'display_name': 'Hydrology and Drought Analysis', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11186', 'display_name': 'Hydrology and Drought Analysis', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11234', 'display_name': 'Precipitation Measurement and Analysis', 'score': 0.9964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10029', 'display_name': 'Climate variability and models', 'score': 0.9962, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-distance-weighting', 'display_name': 'Inverse distance weighting', 'score': 0.89027923}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly', 'display_name': 'Anomaly (physics)', 'score': 0.4573005}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation', 'display_name': 'Interpolation', 'score': 0.4205171}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47872207', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430701', 'display_name': 'Inverse distance weighting', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.89027923}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81692654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926', 'display_name': 'Kriging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.73720455}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107054158', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257', 'display_name': 'Precipitation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49682024}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203332170', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6334079', 'display_name': 'Multivariate interpolation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47867116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12997251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560', 'display_name': 'Anomaly (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4573005}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4355062}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49204034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139', 'display_name': 'Climatology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43221998}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137800194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455', 'display_name': 'Interpolation (computer graphics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4205171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40886003}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38088918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32991016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153294291', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261', 'display_name': 'Meteorology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20735312}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205203396', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143', 'display_name': 'Bilinear interpolation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14515167}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.11666253}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502989409', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425', 'display_name': 'Animation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121684516', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677', 'display_name': 'Computer graphics (images)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26873012', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781', 'display_name': 'Condensed matter physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/380404', 'pdf_url': 'https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2015/380404.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S19799837', 'display_name': 'Advances in Meteorology', 'issn_l': '1687-9309', 'issn': ['1687-9309', '1687-9317'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319869', 'host_organization_name': 'Hindawi Publishing Corporation', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319869'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Hindawi Publishing Corporation'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11706', 'pdf_url': 'https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/123456789/11706/1/Rainfall%20Variability%2c%20Drought%20Characterization%2c%20and.....pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400122', 'display_name': 'Kenyatta University Institutional Repository (Kenyatta University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I153975220', 'host_organization_name': 'Kenyatta University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153975220'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Kenyatta University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/380404', 'pdf_url': 'https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/amete/2015/380404.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S19799837', 'display_name': 'Advances in Meteorology', 'issn_l': '1687-9309', 'issn': ['1687-9309', '1687-9317'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319869', 'host_organization_name': 'Hindawi Publishing Corporation', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319869'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Hindawi Publishing Corporation'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Climate action', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'score': 0.72}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1523963696', 'https://openalex.org/W1600088425', 'https://openalex.org/W1610612296', 'https://openalex.org/W1643978474', 'https://openalex.org/W1966938890', 'https://openalex.org/W1985097850', 'https://openalex.org/W1991671330', 'https://openalex.org/W1995182125', 'https://openalex.org/W2024527589', 'https://openalex.org/W2026315493', 'https://openalex.org/W2027503459', 'https://openalex.org/W2041813833', 'https://openalex.org/W2054323608', 'https://openalex.org/W2055523184', 'https://openalex.org/W2071872505', 'https://openalex.org/W2101320768', 'https://openalex.org/W2103012613', 'https://openalex.org/W2104780056', 'https://openalex.org/W2135766677', 'https://openalex.org/W2141092805', 'https://openalex.org/W2161703047', 'https://openalex.org/W2281446260'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W69786412', 'https://openalex.org/W4221115393', 'https://openalex.org/W3180612984', 'https://openalex.org/W2800389260', 'https://openalex.org/W2512393538', 'https://openalex.org/W2389334698', 'https://openalex.org/W2363866393', 'https://openalex.org/W2357092082', 'https://openalex.org/W2021907765', 'https://openalex.org/W1965726555'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'study': [1, 211], 'examined': [2], 'the': [3, 12, 63, 68, 197, 210], 'extent': [4], 'of': [5, 14, 21, 29, 55, 87, 126, 164], 'seasonal': [6, 115], 'rainfall': [7, 22, 25, 46, 65, 71, 91, 142, 206], 'variability,': [8], 'drought': [9], 'occurrence,': [10], 'and': [11, 31, 36, 48, 67, 78, 121, 123, 133, 138, 152, 158, 171, 183, 189], 'efficacy': [13], 'interpolation': [15, 40, 57, 193, 201], 'techniques': [16, 41], 'in': [17, 100, 114, 124, 135, 169, 185], 'eastern': [18], 'Kenya.': [19], 'Analyses': [20], 'variability': [23, 108, 143], 'utilized': [24], 'anomaly': [26], 'index,': [27], 'coefficients': [28], 'variance,': [30], 'probability': [32], 'analyses.': [33], 'Spline,': [34], 'Kriging,': [35], 'inverse': [37], 'distance': [38], 'weighting': [39], 'were': [42, 178], 'assessed': [43], 'using': [44, 52, 73], 'daily': [45, 70], 'data': [47, 72], 'digital': [49], 'elevation': [50], 'model': [51], 'ArcGIS.': [53], 'Validation': [54], 'these': [56], 'methods': [58], 'was': [59, 109, 144], 'evaluated': [60], 'by': [61], 'comparing': [62], 'modelled/generated': [64], 'values': [66], 'observed': [69], 'root': [74], 'mean': [75, 79], 'square': [76], 'errors': [77, 81], 'absolute': [80], 'statistics.': [82], 'Results': [83], 'showed': [84], '90%': [85], 'chance': [86], 'below': [88], 'cropping': [89], 'threshold': [90], '(500': [92], 'mm)': [93], 'exceeding': [94, 166], '258.1': [95], 'mm': [96], 'during': [97, 150], 'short': [98], 'rains': [99], 'Embu': [101], 'for': [102, 204, 209], 'one': [103], 'year': [104], 'return': [105], 'period.': [106], 'Rainfall': [107], 'found': [110, 145], 'to': [111, 146], 'be': [112, 147], 'high': [113, 149, 161], 'amounts': [116], '(CV': [117, 129, 154], '=': [118, 130, 155], '0.56,': [119], '0.47,': [120], '0.59)': [122], 'number': [125], 'rainy': [127], 'days': [128, 168], '0.88,': [131], '0.49,': [132, 157], '0.53)': [134], 'Machang’a,': [136, 188], 'Kiritiri,': [137], 'Kindaruma,': [139, 187], 'respectively.': [140, 191], 'Monthly': [141], 'equally': [148], 'April': [151], 'November': [153], '0.48,': [156], '0.76)': [159], 'with': [160], 'probabilities': [162, 174], '(0.67)': [163], 'droughts': [165], '15': [167], 'Machang’a': [170], 'Kindaruma.': [172], 'Dry-spell': [173], 'within': [175], 'growing': [176], 'months': [177], 'high,': [179], '(91%,': [180], '93%,': [181], '81%,': [182], '60%)': [184], 'Kiambere,': [186], 'Embu,': [190], 'Kriging': [192], 'method': [194], 'emerged': [195], 'as': [196], 'most': [198], 'appropriate': [199], 'geostatistical': [200], 'technique': [202], 'suitable': [203], 'spatial': [205], 'maps': [207], 'generation': [208], 'region.': [212]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028861950', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-26T19:08:22.192962', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}