Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2028561236', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb02094.x', 'title': 'Norm‐Referenced Testing and Low‐Income Blacks', 'display_name': 'Norm‐Referenced Testing and Low‐Income Blacks', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2028561236', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb02094.x', 'mag': '2028561236'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb02094.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1374498', 'display_name': 'Journal of Counseling & Development', 'issn_l': '0748-9633', 'issn': ['0748-9633', '1556-6676'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068000916', 'display_name': 'Louis A. Castenell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I169251466', 'display_name': 'Xavier University of Louisiana', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0085d9t86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I169251466']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'LOUIS A. CASTENELL', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I169251466']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028289762', 'display_name': 'MAE E. CASTENELL', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I64880365', 'display_name': 'Dillard University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00bz6qm80', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I64880365']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210133358', 'display_name': 'Search', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03f78hn46', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210133358']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'MAE E. CASTENELL', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Talent Search Program, Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Talent Search Program, Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I64880365', 'https://openalex.org/I4210133358']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2630, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2630, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.781, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.871427, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 79, 'max': 80}, 'biblio': {'volume': '67', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '205', 'last_page': '206'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10267', 'display_name': 'Higher Education Research Studies', 'score': 0.8246, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10267', 'display_name': 'Higher Education Research Studies', 'score': 0.8246, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/norm-referenced-test', 'display_name': 'Norm-referenced test', 'score': 0.5024564}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191795146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446', 'display_name': 'Norm (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66069317}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.52995497}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175361160', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7051413', 'display_name': 'Norm-referenced test', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5024564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777267654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023', 'display_name': 'Test (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46340796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3018804484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294', 'display_name': 'Low income', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46323463}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39532316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81369262', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6165531', 'display_name': 'Achievement test', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.34512424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145420912', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077', 'display_name': 'Mathematics education', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34500033}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203151758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907', 'display_name': 'Standardized test', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3320303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4249254', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431', 'display_name': 'Demographic economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2881961}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21813235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19455796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.077777}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1988.tb02094.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S1374498', 'display_name': 'Journal of Counseling & Development', 'issn_l': '0748-9633', 'issn': ['0748-9633', '1556-6676'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 12, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1513093367', 'https://openalex.org/W1576212952', 'https://openalex.org/W1987910277', 'https://openalex.org/W2000548691', 'https://openalex.org/W2088726790', 'https://openalex.org/W2118191739', 'https://openalex.org/W2144285323', 'https://openalex.org/W2322937020', 'https://openalex.org/W2323160285', 'https://openalex.org/W332699905', 'https://openalex.org/W4299905158', 'https://openalex.org/W95042389'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4255966187', 'https://openalex.org/W347233749', 'https://openalex.org/W325864857', 'https://openalex.org/W2953373565', 'https://openalex.org/W273543010', 'https://openalex.org/W2090566256', 'https://openalex.org/W2088118392', 'https://openalex.org/W2061001577', 'https://openalex.org/W1495224876', 'https://openalex.org/W145668350'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0], 'purpose': [1], 'of': [2], 'this': [3], 'article': [4], 'is': [5], 'to': [6, 26, 29], 'highlight': [7], 'biases,': [8], 'that': [9], 'is,': [10], 'learning': [11], 'styles': [12], 'and': [13, 25], 'test': [14, 36], 'bias,': [15], 'involved': [16], 'in': [17, 32], 'testing': [18], 'low‐income': [19], 'Blacks': [20], 'with': [21], 'norm‐referenced,': [22], 'achievement': [23], 'tests': [24], 'offer': [27], 'suggestions': [28], 'assist': [30], 'counselors': [31], 'improving': [33], 'their': [34], "students'": [35], 'performance.': [37]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028561236', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T01:37:20.459919', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}