Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2028418542', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/260233', 'title': 'Vertical Control with Variable Proportions', 'display_name': 'Vertical Control with Variable Proportions', 'publication_year': 1974, 'publication_date': '1974-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2028418542', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/260233', 'mag': '2028418542'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/260233', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95323914', 'display_name': 'Journal of Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0022-3808', 'issn': ['0022-3808', '1537-534X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087755692', 'display_name': 'Frederick R. Warren‐Boulton', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Frederick R. Warren-Boulton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5087755692'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.234, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 149, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.9921, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '82', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '783', 'last_page': '802'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11508', 'display_name': 'Corporate Taxation and Avoidance', 'score': 0.9892, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1402', 'display_name': 'Accounting'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11508', 'display_name': 'Corporate Taxation and Avoidance', 'score': 0.9892, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1402', 'display_name': 'Accounting'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11770', 'display_name': 'Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth', 'score': 0.971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11461', 'display_name': 'Local Government Finance and Decentralization', 'score': 0.9606, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/control-variable', 'display_name': 'Control variable', 'score': 0.46364084}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182365436', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701', 'display_name': 'Variable (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67477643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775924081', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371', 'display_name': 'Control (management)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5651487}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153240184', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3243772', 'display_name': 'Control variable', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46364084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38682386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3679099}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35493666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3487465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.071168095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.056820005}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1086/260233', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S95323914', 'display_name': 'Journal of Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0022-3808', 'issn': ['0022-3808', '1537-534X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Chicago Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315690', 'https://openalex.org/P4310315672'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Chicago', 'University of Chicago Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 11, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1534629186', 'https://openalex.org/W1603357035', 'https://openalex.org/W1980081489', 'https://openalex.org/W1981298615', 'https://openalex.org/W2010094179', 'https://openalex.org/W2022931670', 'https://openalex.org/W2072312726', 'https://openalex.org/W2120903909', 'https://openalex.org/W2320940000', 'https://openalex.org/W2334944348', 'https://openalex.org/W3122459409'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4242249046', 'https://openalex.org/W4232468313', 'https://openalex.org/W3207484021', 'https://openalex.org/W3018365851', 'https://openalex.org/W2406961220', 'https://openalex.org/W2373510747', 'https://openalex.org/W2351321367', 'https://openalex.org/W207625811', 'https://openalex.org/W2046260256', 'https://openalex.org/W1922851888'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Previous': [0], 'articleNext': [1], 'article': [2], 'No': [3], 'AccessVertical': [4], 'Control': [5, 1136], 'with': [6, 1137], 'Variable': [7, 1138], 'ProportionsFrederick': [8], 'R.': [9, 11, 203, 891, 1170], 'Warren-BoultonFrederick': [10], 'Warren-BoultonPDFPDF': [12], 'PLUS': [13], 'Add': [14], 'to': [15, 551], 'favoritesDownload': [16], 'CitationTrack': [17], 'CitationsPermissionsReprints': [18], 'Share': [19], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint': [20], 'SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited': [21], 'by': [22, 724], 'Journal': [23, 90, 156, 173, 216, 285, 336, 360, 414, 508, 523, 553, 595, 626, 679, 710, 765, 861, 882, 948, 966, 1020, 1056, 1118, 1140, 1160, 1179], 'of': [24, 52, 72, 91, 109, 145, 153, 157, 174, 177, 191, 209, 217, 244, 302, 307, 337, 351, 396, 415, 445, 459, 474, 516, 543, 554, 617, 638, 668, 673, 680, 700, 705, 711, 756, 766, 784, 844, 854, 862, 876, 883, 897, 915, 920, 949, 967, 1021, 1057, 1094, 1119, 1134, 1141, 1155, 1161, 1180, 1206], 'Political': [25, 884, 1022, 1142, 1162, 1181], 'Economy': [26, 885, 1023, 1143, 1163, 1182], 'Volume': [27], '82,': [28], 'Number': [29], '4Jul.': [30], '-': [31], 'Aug.,': [32], '1974': [33, 49], 'Article': [34], 'DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/260233': [35], 'Views:': [36], '10Total': [37], 'views': [38], 'on': [39, 430, 841, 942, 1157], 'this': [40, 61], 'site': [41], 'Citations:': [42], '61Citations': [43], 'are': [44, 86], 'reported': [45], 'from': [46, 150, 621], 'Crossref': [47, 55], 'Copyright': [48], 'The': [50, 100, 141, 207, 215, 242, 254, 300, 305, 349, 412, 472, 541, 614, 709, 764, 874, 1117, 1153, 1203], 'University': [51], 'ChicagoPDF': [53], 'download': [54], 'reports': [56], 'the': [57, 106, 151, 175, 248, 544, 636, 842, 913, 921, 1053, 1095], 'following': [58], 'articles': [59], 'citing': [60], 'article:Gleb': [62], 'B.': [63], 'Domnenko,': [64], 'David': [65, 564, 745, 937], 'S.': [66, 363, 598, 813, 975, 1109, 1212], 'Sibley': [67], 'Simulating': [68], 'Vertical': [69, 102, 170, 266, 356, 365, 407, 495, 504, 531, 588, 633, 779, 816, 827, 880, 893, 958, 1015, 1032, 1048, 1092, 1135, 1175, 1204], 'Mergers,': [70, 128], 'Review': [71, 108, 235, 257, 306, 324, 395, 458, 806, 1040], 'Industrial': [73, 92, 110, 950, 968], 'Organization': [74, 93, 111, 925, 951, 969, 1061], '62,': [75], 'no.22': [76, 113, 220, 287, 464, 628, 645, 661, 716, 771, 953, 999], '(Feb': [77, 260, 868, 1000], '2023):': [78], '99–118.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-023-09896-zElisa': [79], 'Duran-Micco,': [80], 'Jeffrey': [81, 1069], 'M.': [82, 586, 689, 908, 1070], 'Perloff': [83, 1071], 'How': [84], 'large': [85], 'double': [87], 'markups?,': [88], 'International': [89, 172, 284, 335, 397, 457, 947, 965], '85': [94], '(Dec': [95, 200], '2022):': [96], '102885.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2022.102885Michael': [97], 'A.': [98, 697], 'Salinger': [99], 'New': [101], 'Merger': [103, 213], 'Guidelines:': [104], 'Muddying': [105], 'Waters,': [107], '59,': [112], '(Aug': [114, 327, 401, 559], '2021):': [115], '161–176.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-021-09824-zJarrad': [116], 'Harford,': [117], 'Robert': [118, 440], 'Schonlau,': [119], 'Jared': [120], 'Stanfield': [121], 'Trade': [122, 352, 386], 'Relationships,': [123], 'Indirect': [124], 'Economic': [125, 255, 323, 416, 555, 571, 573, 625, 805, 839, 1039, 1058, 1120], 'Links,': [126], 'and': [127, 143, 169, 273, 294, 372, 388, 409, 461, 503, 529, 570, 604, 635, 641, 657, 671, 695, 713, 733, 748, 768, 786, 789, 800, 830, 852, 864, 895, 912, 996, 1013, 1034, 1050, 1075, 1082, 1099, 1130, 1174], 'Management': [129], 'Science': [130], '65,': [131, 258, 627], 'no.77': [132], '(Jul': [133, 181, 420], '2019):': [134], '3085–3110.https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2938Pengyu': [135], 'Chen,': [136], 'He': [137], 'Xu,': [138], 'Xuxia': [139], 'Zou': [140], 'effects': [142], 'incentive': [144], 'vertical': [146, 193, 601, 669, 859, 943], 'mergers:': [147], 'An': [148, 188, 283], 'analysis': [149, 783], 'view': [152], 'OM,': [154], 'European': [155, 322, 804, 1038], 'Operational': [158], 'Research': [159, 195], '263,': [160], 'no.11': [161, 180, 867, 971, 1042, 1085, 1105, 1165], '(Nov': [162, 646, 662, 738, 794], '2017):': [163], '158–172.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.04.020Nigel': [164], 'Wadeson': [165], 'Profit-Maximising': [166], 'Rigid': [167], 'Prices': [168], 'Integration,': [171, 655, 881], 'Economics': [176, 197, 309, 374, 398, 462, 473, 606, 643, 659, 682, 714, 735, 769, 791, 863, 995, 1103], 'Business': [178, 233, 292, 865], '24,': [179, 310], '2016):': [182, 201], '53–72.https://doi.org/10.1080/13571516.2016.1199457Jay': [183], 'Pil': [184], 'Choi,': [185], 'Sang-Seung': [186], 'Yi': [187], 'equilibrium': [189], 'model': [190, 667], 'investment-reducing': [192], 'integration,': [194, 279, 860], 'in': [196, 212, 247, 268, 296, 354, 391, 448, 499, 590, 675, 879, 960, 994, 1052, 1077, 1113], '70,': [198], 'no.44': [199, 259, 311, 342, 400, 576, 608, 808, 1123, 1197], '659–676.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2016.07.002KENNETH': [202], 'AHERN,': [204], 'JARRAD': [205], 'HARFORD': [206], 'Importance': [208], 'Industry': [210], 'Links': [211], 'Waves,': [214], 'Finance': [218, 997], '69,': [219], '(Mar': [221, 288, 577, 972, 1086], '2014):': [222, 239], '527–576.https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12122Peter': [223], 'Scott': [224, 241], 'When': [225], 'Innovation': [226], 'Becomes': [227], 'Inefficient:': [228], 'Reexamining': [229], "Britain's": [230], 'Radio': [231], 'Industry,': [232], 'History': [234, 256, 1121], '88,': [236, 1144, 1164], 'no.33': [237, 376, 419, 558, 684, 793, 928, 1063], '(Oct': [238, 343, 377, 629, 717, 772, 888, 1026, 1146, 1166, 1185], '497–521.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680514000415Peter': [240], 'determinants': [243], 'competitive': [245, 963], 'success': [246], 'interwar': [249], 'British': [250], 'radio': [251], 'industry': [252, 1098], '1,': [253, 341, 970], '2012):': [261, 289], '1303–1325.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2011.00647.xWei': [262], 'Guan,': [263], 'Jakob': [264], 'Rehme': [265], 'integration': [267, 670, 944, 959, 1033, 1049, 1074], 'supply': [269], 'chains:': [270], 'driving': [271], 'forces': [272], 'consequences': [274], 'for': [275, 319, 368, 858], 'a': [276, 355, 961], "manufacturer's": [277], 'downstream': [278, 369], 'Supply': [280], 'Chain': [281], 'Management:': [282], '17,': [286], '187–201.https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541211212915Jürgen': [290], 'Wandel': [291], 'groups': [293], 'competition': [295], 'post-Soviet': [297], 'transition': [298], 'economies:': [299], 'case': [301], 'Russian': [303], '"agroholdings",': [304], 'Austrian': [308], '(May': [312, 477, 1124], '2011):': [313, 328], '403–450.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11138-011-0152-6Roman': [314], 'Inderst,': [315], 'Tommaso': [316], 'Valletti': [317], 'Incentives': [318], 'input': [320], 'foreclosure,': [321, 602], '55,': [325], 'no.66': [326], '820–831.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2010.12.002Michael': [329], 'Braulke,': [330], 'Jörg': [331], 'Schimmelpfennig': [332], 'Technical': [333], 'Note,': [334, 535, 1019, 1178], 'Strategic': [338], 'Decision': [339, 373, 605, 642, 658, 734, 790], 'Sciences': [340], '2010):': [344, 1125], '88–92.https://doi.org/10.4018/jsds.2010100106Liu': [345], 'Yao,': [346], 'Arijit': [347], 'Mukherjee': [348], 'Effects': [350], 'Liberalisation': [353], 'Structure,': [357], 'SSRN': [358, 506, 521, 593], 'Electronic': [359, 507, 522, 594], '(Jan': [361, 432, 509, 524, 536, 596, 609, 742, 820, 832, 846, 899, 929, 1004, 1043, 1106, 1209], '2010).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1722088Richard': [362], 'Higgins': [364, 599], 'merger:': [366], 'monopolization': [367], 'quasi‐rents,': [370], 'Managerial': [371, 603, 640, 656, 732, 788], '30,': [375], '2008):': [378, 537], '183–191.https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.1444Hong': [379], 'Hwang,': [380], 'Yan‐Shu': [381], 'Lin,': [382], 'Ya‐Po': [383], 'Yang': [384], 'Optimal': [385, 514], 'Policies': [387], 'Production': [389], 'Technology': [390], 'Vertically': [392], 'Related': [393], 'Markets*,': [394], '15,': [399, 660], '2007):': [402, 421, 433, 578], '823–835.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2007.00669.xFrancine': [403], 'Lafontaine,': [404], 'Margaret': [405], 'Slade': [406, 613], 'Integration': [408, 894, 923, 1205], 'Firm': [410, 545], 'Boundaries:': [411], 'Evidence,': [413], 'Literature': [417], '45,': [418], '629–685.https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.45.3.629Patrick': [422], 'Rey,': [423], 'Jean': [424], 'Tirole': [425], 'Chapter': [426, 825, 837], '33': [427], 'A': [428, 443, 533, 666, 703, 781, 940, 985, 1017, 1177], 'Primer': [429], 'Foreclosure,': [431], '2145–2220.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-448X(06)03033-0Robert': [434], 'E.': [435, 565, 612, 726, 935, 1201], 'McCormick,': [436], 'William': [437], 'F.': [438], 'Shughart,': [439], 'D.': [441, 468, 904, 932], 'Tollison': [442], 'theory': [444], 'commodity': [446], 'bundling': [447], 'final': [449], 'product': [450, 677], 'markets:': [451], 'Professor': [452, 455], 'Hirshleifer': [453], 'meets': [454], 'Becker,': [456], 'Law': [460, 712, 767], '26,': [463], '(Jun': [465, 954, 1198], '2006):': [466, 647, 663, 739, 795], '162–179.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2006.08.001Roger': [467], 'Blair,': [469, 933], 'Francine': [470], 'Lafontaine': [471], 'Franchising,': [475], '80': [476], '2010).https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511753879John': [478], 'J.': [479, 907, 1169], 'Garcia,': [480], 'Ana': [481], 'Marra': [482], 'Medina': [483], 'La': [484], 'Crisis': [485, 498], 'Del': [486], 'Sector': [487], 'Ellctrico': [488], 'En': [489], 'California': [490, 500, 1115], '2000-2001:': [491, 501], 'Reformas': [492], 'Y': [493], 'Desintegraciin': [494], '(Electric': [496], 'Energy': [497, 1083, 1102], 'Reforms': [502], 'Disintegration),': [505], '2005).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2498334João': [510], 'Carlos': [511], 'Correia': [512], 'Leitão': [513], 'Divisionalization': [515], 'Cable': [517], 'Television': [518], 'Operators': [519], 'Networks,': [520], '2003).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.394241': [525], 'Imports,': [526, 1010], 'Domestic': [527, 1011], 'Production,': [528, 1012], 'Transnational': [530, 1014], 'Integration:': [532, 1016], 'Theoretical': [534, 1018], '37–51.https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470752777.ch4Oliver': [538], 'E': [539], 'Williamson': [540], 'Theory': [542, 616, 1133], 'as': [546, 856, 945], 'Governance': [547], 'Structure:': [548], 'From': [549], 'Choice': [550], 'Contract,': [552], 'Perspectives': [556], '16,': [557, 644], '2002):': [560], '171–195.https://doi.org/10.1257/089533002760278776Kenneth': [561], 'G.': [562, 835], 'Elzinga,': [563], 'Mills': [566], 'Independent': [567], 'Service': [568], 'Organizations': [569], 'Efficiency,': [572], 'Inquiry': [574], '39,': [575, 866], '549–560.https://doi.org/10.1093/ei/39.4.549Stephen': [579], 'NMI': [580], 'Martin,': [581], 'Hans': [582], 'Theo': [583], 'Normann,': [584], 'Christopher': [585], 'Snyder': [587], 'Foreclosure': [589, 699, 755], 'Experimental': [591], 'Markets,': [592, 898], '2000).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.241932Richard': [597], 'Competitive': [600], '20,': [607], '2001):': [610], '229–237.https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1468(199906)20:4<229::AID-MDE931>3.0.CO;2-SMargaret': [611], 'Leverage': [615, 707], 'Tying': [618], 'Revisited:': [619, 754], 'Evidence': [620], 'Newspaper': [622], 'Advertising,': [623], 'Southern': [624], '1998):': [630], '204–222.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.1998.tb00146.xChih‐Min': [631], 'Pan': [632], 'mergers': [634], 'balance': [637], 'trade,': [639], '145–153.https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090160205Sumit': [648], 'K.': [649, 823, 1008], 'Majumdar,': [650], 'Venkatram': [651], 'Ramaswamy': [652], 'Explaining': [653], 'Downstream': [654], '119–129.https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090150204David': [664], 'Waterman': [665], 'economies': [672], 'scale': [674], 'information': [676], 'distribution,': [678], 'Media': [681], '6,': [683], '(Sep': [685, 1064], '1993):': [686], '23–35.https://doi.org/10.1080/08997769309358243': [687], 'Curtis': [688], 'Grimm': [690], ',': [691, 694, 747, 1129], 'Clifford': [692], 'Winston': [693], 'Carol': [696], 'Evans': [698], 'Railroad': [701, 753], 'Markets:': [702], 'Test': [704], 'Chicago': [706], 'Theory,': [708], '35,': [715], '2015):': [718, 773, 889, 1027, 1147, 1167, 1186], '295–310.https://doi.org/10.1086/467255David': [719], 'L.': [720, 938, 1150], 'Kaserman': [721, 939], 'Antitrust': [722], 'economics': [723], 'Oliver': [725], 'Williamson,': [727], 'Oxford:': [728], 'Basil': [729], 'Blackwell,': [730], '1990,': [731], '13,': [736], 'no.55': [737, 887, 1025, 1145, 1184], '457–461.https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090130510': [740], 'REFERENCES,': [741], '1992):': [743], '215–223.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-89451-9.50015-2': [744], 'Reiffen': [746], 'Andrew': [749], 'N.': [750], 'Kleit': [751], 'Terminal': [752], 'an': [757], 'Essential': [758], 'Facility': [759], 'or': [760], 'Simple': [761], 'Horizontal': [762], 'Monopoly?,': [763], '33,': [770, 807], '419–438.https://doi.org/10.1086/467212Richard': [774], 'Reed,': [775], 'Michael': [776], 'P.': [777], 'Fronmueller': [778], 'integration:': [780, 828], 'comparative': [782], 'performance': [785], 'risk,': [787], '11,': [792], '177–185.https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090110305K.C.': [796], 'Fung': [797], 'Unemployment,': [798], 'profit-sharing': [799], "Japan's": [801], 'economic': [802], 'success,': [803], '(Apr': [809], '1989):': [810, 821, 833, 847], '783–796.https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(89)90025-1J.': [811], 'Horen,': [812], 'Y.': [814], 'Wu': [815], 'Transactions': [817], 'under': [818], 'Uncertainty,': [819], '157–186.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8922-4_9Martin': [822], 'Perry': [824], '4': [826], 'Determinants': [829], 'effects,': [831], '183–255.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-448X(89)01007-1Roger': [834], 'Noll': [836], '22': [838], 'perspectives': [840], 'politics': [843], 'regulation,': [845], '1253–1287.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-448X(89)02010-8Gideon': [848], 'Fishelson': [849], 'Pricing': [850], 'policies': [851], 'ownership': [853], 'shares': [855], 'substitutes': [857], '1987):': [869], '35–44.https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-6195(87)90004-X': [870], 'Herman': [871], 'C.': [872, 902, 905, 1046], 'Quirmbach': [873], 'Path': [875], 'Price': [877, 1072, 1172], 'Changes': [878], '94,': [886], '1110–1119.https://doi.org/10.1086/261424Jerry': [890], 'Green': [892], 'Assurance': [896], '1986):': [900, 930], '177–210.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18058-5_6I.': [901], 'MacMillan,': [903], 'Hambrick,': [906], 'Pennings': [909], 'Uncertainty': [910], 'Reduction': [911], 'Threat': [914], 'Supplier': [916], 'Retaliation:': [917], 'Two': [918], 'Views': [919], 'Backward': [922], 'Decision,': [924], 'Studies': [926, 993], '7,': [927, 998], '263–278.https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068600700304Roger': [931], 'Thomas': [934], 'Cooper,': [936], 'note': [941], 'entry,': [946], '3,': [952, 1084, 1104], '1985):': [955], '219–229.https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7187(85)90005-0Avinash': [956], 'Dixit': [957], 'monopolistically': [962], 'industry,': [964, 1055], '1983):': [973, 1001, 1005], '63–78.https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7187(83)90023-1ROBERT': [974], 'HANSEN': [976], 'ON': [977], 'THE': [978, 990], 'CONSUMER': [979], 'WELFARE': [980], 'EFFECT': [981], 'OF': [982], 'VERTICAL': [983, 1216], 'INTEGRATION:': [984], 'GENERALIZATION': [986], 'AND': [987, 1218], 'SIMPLIFICATION': [988], 'FOR': [989], 'CES': [991], 'CASE,': [992], '3–9.https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028635': [1002], 'Bibliography,': [1003], '197–203.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-103480-1.50015-8': [1006], 'Pranab': [1007], 'Bardhan': [1009], '90,': [1024], '1020–1034.https://doi.org/10.1086/261106Paul': [1028], 'Kleindorfer,': [1029], 'Günter': [1030], 'Knieps': [1031], 'transaction-specific': [1035], 'sunk': [1036], 'costs,': [1037], '19,': [1041], '1982):': [1044], '71–87.https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(82)90006-XRichard': [1045], 'Levin': [1047], 'profitability': [1051], 'oil': [1054, 1097], 'Behavior': [1059], '&': [1060], '2,': [1062], '1981):': [1065, 1087, 1107], '215–235.https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(81)90019-6Dennis': [1066], 'W.': [1067], 'Carlton,': [1068], 'discrimination,vertical': [1073], 'divestiture': [1076, 1093], 'natural': [1078], 'resource': [1079], 'markets,': [1080], 'Resources': [1081], '1–11.https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0572(81)90007-4Henry': [1088], 'Steele,': [1089], 'George': [1090], 'Daly': [1091], 'US': [1096], 'US-OPEC': [1100], 'relations,': [1101], '43–56.https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-9883(81)90006-2William': [1108], 'Hallagan': [1110], 'Labor': [1111], 'Contracting': [1112], 'Turn-of-the-Century': [1114], 'Agriculture,': [1116], '40,': [1122], '757–776.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700100178': [1126], 'Parthasaradhi': [1127], 'Mallela': [1128], 'Babu': [1131], 'Nahata': [1132], 'Proportions,': [1139], '1009–1025.https://doi.org/10.1086/260919': [1148], 'Peter': [1149], 'Swan': [1151], 'Alcoa:': [1152], 'Influence': [1154], 'Recycling': [1156], 'Monopoly': [1158], 'Power,': [1159], '76–99.https://doi.org/10.1086/260848': [1168], 'Gould': [1171], 'Discrimination': [1173], 'Control:': [1176], '85,': [1183], '1063–1071.https://doi.org/10.1086/260622Jean-Thomas': [1187], 'Bernard': [1188], "L'intégration": [1189], 'verticale': [1190], 'dans': [1191], "l'industrie": [1192], 'minière,': [1193], "L'Actualité": [1194], 'économique': [1195], '53,': [1196], '2009):': [1199], '648–665.https://doi.org/10.7202/800751arMichael': [1200], 'Canes': [1202], 'Oil': [1207], 'Firms,': [1208], '1976):': [1210], '103–120.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02673-9_10William': [1211], 'Comanor,': [1213], 'Patrick': [1214], 'Rey': [1215], 'MERGERS': [1217], 'MARKET': [1219], 'FORECLOSURE,': [1220], '():': [1221], '445–458.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-5895(04)21008-9': [1222]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028418542', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T09:39:25.338577', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}