Antibiotic resistance in staphylococci associated with cats and dogs

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Shaukat Iqbal Malik; Haihong Peng; Mary Barton
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'abstract_inverted_index': {'Dogs': [0], 'and': [1, 15, 24, 34, 39, 47, 50, 82, 91, 120, 122, 135, 156, 159, 184, 203, 215, 225, 236, 242, 294, 328, 330, 362, 365, 369, 385, 390, 404, 419, 422, 427, 469, 481, 484, 502, 520, 547, 555, 588, 594, 661, 670, 683, 703, 705, 738, 746, 830, 841, 844, 871, 881, 904, 913, 922, 939, 956, 982, 985, 989, 1002, 1026, 1041, 1047, 1075, 1115, 1134, 1149, 1159, 1174, 1218, 1293, 1302, 1350, 1353, 1356, 1360, 1374, 1382, 1387, 1421, 1429, 1441, 1457, 1475, 1489, 1492, 1511, 1535, 1541, 1551, 1562, 1605, 1621, 1673, 1706, 1715, 1725, 1739, 1747, 1783, 1852, 1867, 1875, 1891, 1918, 1927, 1940, 1945, 1953, 1957, 1970, 1986, 1995, 2023, 2034, 2057, 2065, 2075, 2100, 2111, 2139, 2187, 2233, 2236, 2291, 2316, 2340, 2407, 2429, 2438, 2489, 2498, 2510, 2527, 2541, 2593, 2615, 2620, 2645, 2661, 2681, 2712, 2738, 2779, 2789, 2801, 2811, 2838, 2865, 2868, 2883, 2894, 2905, 2956, 2969, 2986, 2998, 3013, 3024, 3040, 3052, 3075, 3084, 3109, 3124, 3135, 3149, 3161, 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100, 102, 112, 130, 154, 172, 194, 208, 212, 218, 223, 289, 340, 352, 375, 396, 457, 496, 513, 527, 530, 582, 596, 598, 620, 654, 856, 859, 862, 1023, 1028, 1052, 1078, 1088, 1102, 1104, 1143, 1146, 1181, 1187, 1198, 1204, 1234, 1245, 1256, 1266, 1274, 1295, 1317, 1329, 1372, 1385, 1443, 1465, 1467, 1500, 1502, 1506, 1522, 1526, 1547, 1572, 1596, 1606, 1613, 1615, 1730, 1732, 1750, 1767, 1802, 1833, 1869, 1898, 1930, 1983, 2010, 2080, 2107, 2144, 2149, 2220, 2241, 2281, 2287, 2325, 2356, 2393, 2436, 2455, 2485, 2487, 2553, 2581, 2636, 2686, 2689, 2708, 2723, 2735, 2744, 2759, 2764, 2823, 2886, 2900, 2925, 2978, 2981, 2989, 3002, 3011, 3035, 3072, 3099, 3104, 3133, 3139, 3144, 3152, 3168, 3177, 3198, 3217, 3237, 3265, 3268, 3295, 3302, 3318, 3321, 3337, 3342, 3356, 3380, 3402, 3405, 3465, 3471, 3479, 3489, 3507, 3511, 3524, 3541, 3554, 3580, 3615, 3690, 3718, 3736, 3777, 3780, 3806, 3809, 3816, 3823, 3836, 3890, 3905, 3912, 3931, 3946, 3961, 3974, 3988, 4046, 4071, 4073, 4078, 4090, 4098, 4113, 4156, 4172, 4175, 4178, 4188, 4190, 4210, 4220, 4249, 4324, 4333, 4367, 4408, 4413, 4431, 4440, 4449, 4510, 4519, 4523, 4559, 4563, 4570, 4597, 4639, 4709, 4712, 4729, 4746, 4794, 4810], 'modern': [9], 'society': [10], 'in': [11, 66, 72, 251, 281, 354, 383, 402, 494, 506, 517, 545, 572, 586, 603, 615, 636, 687, 750, 758, 760, 772, 808, 867, 889, 891, 927, 961, 967, 973, 996, 1005, 1014, 1081, 1107, 1120, 1129, 1154, 1164, 1200, 1277, 1284, 1298, 1300, 1314, 1320, 1401, 1422, 1454, 1462, 1483, 1509, 1532, 1560, 1602, 1619, 1684, 1736, 1850, 1872, 1896, 1968, 2004, 2027, 2083, 2105, 2162, 2193, 2239, 2322, 2331, 2359, 2369, 2377, 2414, 2420, 2442, 2496, 2501, 2525, 2557, 2575, 2604, 2626, 2650, 2666, 2694, 2746, 2809, 2816, 2856, 2871, 2921, 2930, 2939, 2957, 3008, 3102, 3421, 3460, 3583, 3628, 3680, 3702, 3708, 3818, 3984, 4101, 4231, 4319, 4447, 4456, 4475, 4513, 4526, 4550, 4578, 4628, 4631, 4642, 4652, 4697, 4743, 4749, 4766], 'the': [12, 61, 98, 108, 113, 123, 168, 192, 209, 213, 219, 341, 394, 528, 537, 540, 552, 592, 621, 626, 729, 732, 804, 868, 892, 928, 1020, 1029, 1100, 1232, 1241, 1249, 1253, 1271, 1291, 1315, 1378, 1444, 1463, 1503, 1523, 1570, 1663, 1678, 1733, 1744, 1765, 1800, 1817, 1831, 1847, 1941, 2008, 2071, 2078, 2084, 2158, 2221, 2254, 2268, 2299, 2309, 2323, 2354, 2453, 2582, 2594, 2605, 2687, 2706, 2718, 2727, 2730, 2733, 2757, 2817, 2821, 2922, 2940, 2963, 2993, 2999, 3061, 3068, 3175, 3215, 3274, 3365, 3369, 3381, 3411, 3487, 3545, 3578, 3584, 3590, 3613, 3662, 3668, 3734, 3893, 3902, 3906, 3909, 3913, 3926, 3958, 4043, 4060, 4145, 4154, 4183, 4218, 4228, 4307, 4321, 4472, 4520, 4551, 4560, 4582, 4598, 4683, 4706, 4744, 4818], 'developed': [13, 793], 'world': [14], 'as': [16, 45, 142, 234, 247, 317, 1140, 1327, 1333, 1487, 1695, 1774, 1915, 2185, 3045, 3185, 3254, 3876, 3969, 3976, 4009, 4019, 4208, 4371, 4544, 4675, 4760], 'such': [17, 44, 233, 1402, 1486, 1694, 1914, 2184, 3044, 3184, 3253, 4018, 4207, 4370, 4543, 4674], 'attention': [18, 4470], 'is': [19, 95, 522, 550, 565, 725, 779, 784, 976, 1017, 1288, 1555, 1574, 1593, 1653, 1762, 1787, 1797, 1828, 1981, 2045, 2070, 2152, 2190, 2257, 2448, 2471, 2522, 2532, 2559, 2622, 2840, 2988, 3200, 3221, 3229, 3246, 3573, 3604, 3695, 3712, 3838, 3920, 4169, 4306, 4459, 4618, 4646, 4778, 4785], 'given': [20], 'to': [21, 60, 88, 137, 166, 275, 380, 393, 446, 453, 491, 504, 533, 551, 630, 649, 679, 698, 717, 728, 744, 763, 796, 814, 835, 897, 953, 979, 1012, 1039, 1057, 1091, 1097, 1131, 1156, 1195, 1239, 1243, 1248, 1268, 1308, 1345, 1391, 1414, 1419, 1425, 1529, 1538, 1557, 1566, 1662, 1680, 1764, 1773, 1811, 1844, 1886, 1973, 2017, 2025, 2043, 2048, 2196, 2348, 2353, 2446, 2450, 2461, 2473, 2530, 2534, 2537, 2617, 2678, 2729, 2828, 2853, 3107, 3127, 3130, 3214, 3292, 3352, 3362, 3388, 3409, 3425, 3442, 3521, 3544, 3697, 3761, 3773, 3845, 3848, 3895, 3943, 4014, 4056, 4075, 4122, 4133, 4149, 4185, 4226, 4411, 4428, 4483, 4576, 4590, 4594, 4658, 4665, 4693, 4726, 4733, 4773, 4780], 'their': [22, 30, 477, 2954, 3105, 3140, 3222, 4774, 4814], 'care': [23, 2859], 'welfare.': [25], 'At': [26, 2715, 4614], 'some': [27, 1092, 1423, 3389, 4316, 4469], 'stage': [28, 4616], 'lives': [31], 'many': [32, 573, 4134, 4204], 'dogs': [35, 83, 121, 136, 228, 384, 470, 589, 890, 931, 940, 968, 1167, 1238, 1512, 1561, 1622, 1716, 1751, 1853, 2332, 2403, 2419, 2499, 2526, 2827, 2987, 3014, 3361, 3640, 3956, 3966, 4102, 4645, 4655, 4713, 4741, 4755], 'suffer': [36], 'from': [37, 80, 118, 133, 326, 476, 625, 644, 674, 692, 709, 789, 827, 885, 942, 1062, 1166, 1191, 1228, 1416, 1447, 1651, 1666, 1713, 1743, 1809, 2382, 2402, 2418, 2452, 2691, 2705, 2726, 2761, 2787, 2826, 2850, 2891, 2949, 2953, 2984, 3234, 3309, 3358, 3446, 3537, 3633, 3654, 3658, 3759, 3863, 4082, 4093, 4116, 4788, 4813], 'skin': [38, 193, 214, 357, 1748, 4095], 'other': [40, 538, 821, 959, 1063, 1484, 3062, 4819], 'superficial': [41, 290, 295], 'staphylococcal': [42, 315, 1818, 4424], 'infections': [43, 232, 382, 888, 934, 966, 1283, 1453, 1683, 1840, 1871, 2011, 4765], 'pyoderma': [46, 235, 296, 368, 943, 1559, 2199, 2326, 3636, 3656], 'otitis': [48, 237, 370, 3634], 'externa': [49], 'are': [51, 176, 180, 188, 206, 245, 319, 741, 833, 1222, 1306, 1389, 1398, 1437, 1459, 1514, 1520, 1727, 1841, 1947, 2001, 2278, 2439, 2805, 3029, 3064, 3304, 3316, 3335, 3686, 3865, 4568, 4656, 4716, 4724, 4807], 'therefore': [52, 781, 1223, 1388], 'treated': [53], 'with': [54, 460, 591, 932, 998, 1044, 1060, 1177, 1281, 1368, 1799, 2155, 2283, 3195, 3249, 3374, 3740, 3899, 4195, 4353], 'antibiotics.': [55, 104, 600], 'This': [56, 105, 724, 3598, 3673, 4168, 4180], 'practice': [57], 'has': [58, 139, 377, 769, 1342, 1854, 2030, 2060, 2365, 2373, 2422, 2846, 2918, 3288, 3349, 3494, 3600, 3675, 3745, 3769, 3842, 3872, 3981, 4130, 4182, 4223, 4314, 4356, 4404], 'led': [59, 392], 'emergence': [62, 395, 4636], 'resistant': [64, 397, 531, 648, 678, 697, 714, 952, 1038, 1056, 1565, 2016, 2946, 4493, 4575, 4640, 4664, 4710], 'staphylococci': [65, 78, 90, 117, 132, 158, 343, 389, 448, 495, 642, 708, 735, 762, 826, 863, 1236, 1261, 1299, 1358, 1411, 1468, 1580, 1600, 1617, 1897, 1969, 2106, 2148, 2186, 2263, 2558, 2651, 2782, 2804, 2947, 2982, 3010, 3111, 3132, 3294, 3344, 3357, 3407, 3820, 4412, 4458, 4466, 4488, 4494, 4530, 4641, 4651, 4660, 4711], 'these': [67, 1147, 1321, 2145, 3100, 4005, 4622], 'animals.': [68, 226, 2384, 3450], 'Antimicrobial': [69], 'susceptibility': [70, 1162, 3048, 3115, 3118, 3193, 3219, 4425, 4534], 'studies': [71, 163, 635, 822, 916, 960, 1163, 1221, 2754, 2959, 3553, 3607, 3666, 3689, 3706, 4343, 4477, 4509, 4703, 4723], 'companion': [73, 2383], 'animals': [74, 253, 366, 521, 1485, 1543, 1652, 1874, 2692, 2747, 2765, 4730], 'revealed': [76], 'that': [77, 92, 187, 433, 450, 462, 505, 534, 618, 641, 665, 690, 706, 782, 791, 825, 947, 971, 1010, 1048, 1807, 1959, 2266, 2476, 2587, 2601, 2700, 2716, 2741, 2844, 2944, 3368, 3493, 3603, 3664, 3744, 3924, 3965, 4035, 4661, 4754, 4782, 4805], 'isolated': [79, 116, 624, 643, 673, 884, 1712, 1742, 2417, 2704, 2786, 2890, 2948, 2983, 3420], 'exhibit': [84], 'similar': [85, 3385, 4657], 'resistance': [86, 93, 110, 474, 543, 570, 584, 759, 794, 813, 907, 972, 1011, 1090, 1096, 1117, 1130, 1136, 1155, 1194, 1246, 1267, 1297, 1319, 1330, 1337, 1501, 1761, 1882, 1912, 2024, 2042, 2245, 2255, 2364, 2396, 2470, 2486, 2574, 2616, 2641, 2657, 2677, 3003, 3228, 4211, 4427, 4441, 4455, 4512, 4525, 4630, 4696, 4748], 'patterns': [87, 111, 1101, 3119, 3220, 3435, 3630, 4535], 'human': [89, 507, 574, 1472, 1533, 1590, 1837, 2370, 2904, 3269, 3296, 3330, 3363, 3375, 3390, 3709, 3781, 3949, 4349, 4571, 4659, 4750, 4767], 'development': [94, 1292], 'influenced': [96, 4539], 'by': [97, 298, 322, 388, 524, 917, 1427, 1569, 1793, 1976, 2013, 2201, 2211, 2297, 2328, 2544, 2549, 2561, 2642, 3273, 3414, 3812, 4363, 4540], 'frequency': [99, 595], 'use': [101, 512, 597, 614, 1103, 1145, 1260, 1556, 3216, 3520], 'certain': [103, 599], 'review': [106, 4420], 'examines': [107], 'antibiotic': [109, 440, 515, 583, 3192, 3218, 4533, 4695], 'most': [114, 541, 619, 977, 1442, 1948, 2072, 2159, 3399, 4308], 'frequently': [115, 400, 677, 696, 3715, 4309], 'mechanisms': [124, 795, 1913, 2484, 4439, 4623], 'underlying': [125], 'resistance.': [126, 4564], 'The': [127, 580, 1648, 1978, 2142, 2483, 2683, 2976, 3211, 3328, 3398, 3476, 3833, 3887, 3972, 4025, 4067, 4087, 4105, 4634, 4752], 'possible': [128, 2898, 3354], 'transfer': [129, 1244, 1341, 2822, 2924], 'methicillin-resistant': [131, 1616, 1670, 2780, 2802, 3784, 4795], 'humans': [138, 519, 1426, 1685, 2829], 'been': [140, 199, 302, 378, 610, 770, 1343, 1610, 1711, 1856, 1862, 1894, 1966, 2031, 2062, 2103, 2319, 2366, 2374, 2423, 2493, 2513, 2648, 2664, 2703, 2785, 2847, 2919, 3121, 3290, 3350, 3549, 3770, 3843, 3874, 3982, 4131, 4224, 4357, 4405, 4480, 4507, 4588, 4799], 'identified': [141, 200, 1967, 2104, 2514, 2665], 'a': [143, 349, 454, 1006, 1069, 1086, 1126, 1141, 1185, 1196, 1201, 1310, 1369, 1392, 1403, 1545, 1768, 1788, 1803, 1988, 2279, 2284, 2390, 2433, 2478, 2591, 2623, 2750, 2813, 2851, 2854, 2866, 2872, 2892, 2903, 2906, 2916, 2931, 3036, 3158, 3457, 3490, 3508, 3574, 3737, 3741, 3747, 3803, 3877, 3921, 3970, 3985, 4010, 4039, 4150, 4170, 4191, 4364, 4498, 4626, 4647, 4761], 'potential': [144, 311, 1242, 1679], 'public': [145, 4500], 'health': [146, 4501], 'issue.': [147], 'Typing': [148, 3005, 4268], 'tools': [149, 4673], 'used': [150, 379, 401, 1508, 1531, 1537, 1863, 2003, 2192, 2320, 2524, 3007, 3122, 3129, 3236, 3291, 3305, 3550, 3667, 3716, 4158, 4225, 4310, 4433, 4446, 4474], 'for': [151, 160, 910, 1335, 1544, 1865, 1961, 2007, 2305, 2481, 2505, 2639, 2992, 3038, 3146, 3306, 3429, 3551, 3880, 4042, 4214, 4359, 4434, 4763], 'epidemiological': [152, 2979, 3552, 3606, 3703, 3978, 4044, 4215, 4476], 'differentiation': [153, 2994, 3039, 4448], 'pathogenic': [155, 249, 734, 3989], 'nonpathogenic': [157, 4490], 'species': [161, 197, 205, 250, 719, 788, 801, 1053, 1227, 1376, 1439, 1449, 1456, 2763, 2965, 3616, 4136], 'identification': [162, 3614, 3705, 4332], 'may': [164, 2350, 3455, 3753, 4037, 4768, 4803], 'help': [165], 'elucidate': [167], 'importance': [169, 2991], 'or': [170, 767, 1332, 1598, 1776, 2249, 2259, 3588, 3657, 4288, 4463, 4528, 4593], 'otherwise': [171], 'this': [173, 1121, 1669, 3422, 3941, 4419, 4615], 'problem.': [174], 'Staphylococci': [175, 270, 1363, 1436], 'Gram-positive': [177, 1373, 2182, 2290], 'cocci,': [178], 'which': [179, 435, 802, 1230, 1827, 2051, 3517, 4536, 4580, 4586], 'nonmotile,': [181], 'nonspore': [182], 'forming': [183], 'facultative': [185], 'anaerobes': [186], 'commonly': [189, 4445], 'found': [190, 689, 824, 1193, 2556, 3676], 'on': [191, 930, 964, 1019, 1072, 1171, 1225, 1237, 1377, 1408, 2252, 2590, 2732, 2879, 3032, 3060, 3067, 3486, 3577, 3699, 4153, 4532, 4720, 4770], 'mammals.': [195], 'Thirty-seven': [196], '(Euzeby': [201], '1997)': [202], 'all': [204, 1270, 3501, 4004], 'normal': [210, 805, 4094, 4599], 'microflora': [211], 'mucosal': [216, 1380], 'surfaces': [217, 1381], 'upper': [220], 'respiratory': [221, 1383], 'tract': [222, 887, 937, 1384], 'man': [224, 355, 3954], 'In': [227, 819, 1589, 1836, 3531, 4003, 4217, 4348, 4418], 'Staphylococcus': [229, 240, 243, 671, 1698, 1700, 1702, 1704, 1707, 1740], 'intermedius': [230, 300, 669, 740, 883, 949, 975, 1046, 1077, 1176, 1352, 1675, 2015, 2029, 2165, 2204, 2330, 2400, 2416, 2669, 2825, 3431, 3467, 3653, 3683, 3811, 3945, 3963, 4077, 4092, 4115, 4327, 4797], 'causes': [231], 'externa,': [238, 3635], 'however,': [239], 'aureus': [241, 346, 623, 737, 880, 1034, 1074, 1173, 1349, 1355, 1474, 1604, 1672, 2888, 2961, 3267, 3470, 3779, 3786, 4139, 4573, 4784], 'schleiferi': [244, 1738, 4335], 'emerging': [246], 'common': [248, 542, 978, 2073, 2624], 'small': [252, 1202, 1542, 3522], '(Igimi': [254, 283, 752], 'et': [255, 259, 263, 267, 284, 429, 487, 560, 577, 657, 721, 753, 775, 848, 852, 875, 919, 924, 993, 1111, 1208, 1433, 1496, 1582, 1586, 1624, 1628, 1632, 1636, 1641, 1645, 1657, 1687, 1718, 1722, 1753, 1757, 1779, 1824, 1902, 1906, 1935, 2020, 2038, 2088, 2115, 2119, 2123, 2127, 2131, 2135, 2168, 2172, 2206, 2272, 2312, 2334, 2344, 2386, 2466, 2516, 2569, 2630, 2653, 2671, 2767, 2771, 2776, 2792, 2796, 2831, 2835, 2862, 2910, 2934, 2973, 3055, 3091, 3208, 3284, 3395, 3416, 3528, 3570, 3609, 3618, 3724, 3765, 3793, 3799, 3826, 3830, 3855, 3859, 3884, 3937, 3992, 3996, 4000, 4084, 4141, 4160, 4253, 4257, 4261, 4265, 4329, 4337, 4345, 4387, 4391, 4395, 4399, 4607, 4611], 'al.': [256, 260, 264, 268, 285, 430, 488, 561, 578, 658, 722, 754, 776, 849, 853, 876, 920, 925, 994, 1112, 1209, 1434, 1497, 1583, 1587, 1625, 1629, 1633, 1637, 1642, 1646, 1658, 1688, 1719, 1723, 1754, 1758, 1780, 1825, 1903, 1907, 1936, 2021, 2039, 2089, 2116, 2120, 2124, 2128, 2132, 2136, 2169, 2173, 2207, 2273, 2313, 2335, 2345, 2387, 2467, 2517, 2570, 2631, 2654, 2672, 2768, 2772, 2777, 2793, 2797, 2832, 2836, 2863, 2911, 2935, 2974, 3056, 3092, 3209, 3285, 3396, 3417, 3529, 3571, 3610, 3619, 3725, 3766, 3794, 3800, 3827, 3831, 3856, 3860, 3885, 3938, 3993, 3997, 4001, 4085, 4142, 4161, 4254, 4258, 4262, 4266, 4330, 4338, 4346, 4388, 4392, 4396, 4400, 4608, 4612], '1990;': [257, 2113, 2336], 'Bes': [258], '2002a;': [261], 'Frank': [262], '2003;': [265, 1643], 'Yamashita': [266, 1756, 3829, 4264], '2005).': [269, 1210, 1759, 1908, 3832, 4267], 'do': [271, 1450], 'not': [272, 437, 742, 785, 1451, 1855, 2492, 2806, 3499, 3647, 4460, 4479, 4619], 'generally': [273], 'appear': [274, 1972], 'cause': [276, 348, 748, 1452, 1481, 1681, 2052], 'any': [277, 3649, 4737], 'major': [278, 733, 1272], 'specific': [279, 514, 1105, 1440, 3428, 4176], 'diseases': [280, 353], '1994)': [286, 2864], 'but': [287, 799, 1094, 1123, 1668, 1846, 2500, 3378, 3432, 3641, 3707, 4144, 4471, 4503, 4585], 'cases': [288, 1612, 3637, 4522, 4793], 'dermatitis,': [291], 'bacterial': [292, 1870, 4135, 4368], 'folliculitis': [293], 'caused': [297, 387, 1568, 2012, 2200, 2327, 4362], 'Staph.': [299, 345, 622, 666, 668, 736, 739, 879, 882, 948, 974, 1033, 1045, 1073, 1076, 1172, 1175, 1348, 1351, 1354, 1473, 1477, 1603, 1671, 1674, 1696, 1737, 1834, 2014, 2028, 2164, 2203, 2329, 2399, 2415, 2578, 2668, 2824, 2887, 2960, 3266, 3430, 3466, 3469, 3652, 3682, 3778, 3785, 3810, 3944, 3962, 4076, 4091, 4114, 4138, 4232, 4234, 4236, 4238, 4240, 4243, 4245, 4247, 4326, 4334, 4572, 4783, 4796], 'reported': [303, 771, 866, 878, 1212, 1344, 1611, 2032, 2063, 2389, 2424, 2699, 2756, 3688, 3802, 4069, 4521, 4800], '(Austin': [304], '1978;': [305], 'Scott': [306], '1980).': [307], 'Intimate': [308], 'association': [309], 'between': [310, 1347, 1469, 2405, 2902, 2995, 3444, 3631, 3651, 4111, 4485], 'hosts': [312], 'can': [313, 347, 810, 1324, 1480, 3016, 3156, 4272, 4537], 'enhance': [314], 'dispersal': [316], 'they': [318, 1971, 2295, 3041, 3076], 'easily': [320, 1399], 'spread': [321, 1294, 1316, 1415, 1466, 1577, 2997, 3001, 4638], 'skin-to-skin': [323], 'contact,': [324], 'aerosols': [325], 'sneezing': [327], 'coughing': [329], 'also': [331, 472, 811, 1536, 1710, 2061, 4624, 4732], 'through': [332], 'saliva.': [333], 'Upon': [334], 'gaining': [335], 'entry': [336], 'into': [337, 612, 1258, 1830, 2225, 3019, 4275], 'deeper': [338], 'tissues': [339], 'body,': [342], 'especially': [344, 1601, 2380, 4495], 'wide': [350, 373, 455, 1370, 1393, 1576, 2285, 2612, 3986, 4365], 'variety': [351, 1546, 2635, 3987, 4097], '(exfoliative': [356], 'diseases,': [358], 'toxic': [359], 'shock': [360], 'syndrome': [361], 'food': [363, 480], 'poisoning)': [364], '(mastitis,': [367], 'externa).': [371], 'A': [372, 2409, 2509, 2633], 'range': [374, 1197, 1371, 1991, 4366], 'antibiotics': [376, 492, 607, 655, 798, 1013, 1106, 1148, 1199, 1257, 1507, 2282, 4432], 'treat': [381, 1539, 1558, 1845, 2197], 'strains.': [398, 508, 4633], 'Antibiotics': [399], 'cat': [403, 546, 1428, 2550, 2554, 2585, 2599, 2917, 3382, 4435], 'dog': [405, 548, 860, 1015, 1430, 2852, 2893, 2907, 3370, 4437], 'therapy': [406, 441, 1513, 1866], 'are:': [407], 'penicillins,': [408, 553], 'cephalosporins,': [409], 'macrolides,': [410], 'lincosamides,': [411], 'fusidic': [412], 'acid,': [413], 'tetracyclines,': [414], 'chloramphenicol,': [415, 839, 899], 'potentiated': [416], 'sulphonamides,': [417], 'aminoglycosides': [418, 2640], 'fluoroquinolones': [420, 2349], '(Watson': [421], 'Rosin': [423], '2000).': [424, 2141, 2632, 2798, 3620, 4401], 'Kunkle': [425], '(1987)': [426], 'Reedy': [428], '(1997)': [431, 3939], 'concluded': [432, 3952], 'dogs,': [434, 1229, 2812, 4120], 'had': [436, 463, 608, 2584, 2598, 2702, 3384, 4315], 'received': [438, 464, 4468], 'prior': [439, 465], 'were': [442, 451, 628, 676, 695, 711, 864, 894, 1035, 1054, 2588, 2602, 2721, 2951, 2962, 3372, 3436], 'much': [443, 567, 712, 2410], 'more': [444, 568, 713, 951, 1037, 1055, 1812, 3201, 3866], 'likely': [445, 1307], 'isolates': [449, 549, 575, 691, 861, 1016, 1061, 1165, 1190, 1206, 2166, 2379, 2401, 2583, 2597, 2720, 3169, 3308, 3323, 3445, 3485, 3502, 3632, 4112], 'susceptible': [452, 629, 834, 896], 'spectrum': [456, 2286, 2435], 'drugs': [458], 'compared': [459, 716, 1043, 1059, 1661, 4121], 'those': [461, 1278, 2381, 2958, 3065], 'antimicrobial': [466, 857, 1296, 1318, 1527, 2945, 3047, 3227, 3238, 4747], 'drugs.': [467], 'Cats': [468], 'could': [471, 2246, 4033, 4758], 'acquire': [473, 812], 'determinants': [475], 'surroundings': [478], 'via': [479, 2563], 'contaminated': [482], 'bedding': [483], 'faeces': [485], '(Patel': [486, 774], '1999).': [489, 777, 854, 1362, 1553, 1955, 2067, 2314, 2346], 'Resistance': [490, 1211, 1396, 1796, 2347, 2445, 2529], 'seen': [493, 544, 571], 'animal': [497, 1418, 1899, 2108, 2150, 2378, 2627, 3298, 3311, 4632], 'origin': [498, 1080, 1900, 2109, 2151, 3015, 3137, 3270, 3782, 4080, 4251], 'shows': [499, 617, 2178], 'both': [500, 518, 828, 3665], 'similarities': [501], 'differences': [503, 3582, 3627, 3650], 'On': [509, 536, 2913], 'one': [510, 652, 817, 1417, 1448, 1521], 'hand,': [511, 539, 3063], 'compounds': [516], 'followed': [523], 'increase': [526, 757, 1153], 'prevalence': [529, 1595, 2391], 'strains': [532, 1279, 1446, 1479, 1676, 2889, 3371, 3383, 3464, 3776, 3808, 3960, 4574], 'antibiotic.': [535, 818], 'tetracyclines': [554, 702], 'erythromycin': [556, 1042], '(Noble': [557], '1996;': [558, 1937, 1993, 2338, 2342, 2794], 'Prescott': [559], '2002)': [562], 'whereas': [563], 'there': [564, 1124, 1150, 1458, 1592, 1608, 1726, 2372, 2839, 3685, 4403, 4504, 4567, 4715], 'often': [566, 1949, 3247], 'extensive': [569], '(Jones': [576], '2004).': [579, 1647], 'pattern': [581], 'observed': [585, 664, 909, 1009, 1119, 3437, 3625, 4107], 'correlate': [590], 'amount': [593], 'Studies': [601, 685, 855, 2877], 'conducted': [602, 686], 'late': [604], '1950s': [605], 'when': [606, 715, 1660, 2696, 3164], 'just': [609], 'introduced': [611, 4685], 'clinical': [613, 933, 1259, 1848], 'nostrils': [627], 'penicillin': [631, 680, 699, 955, 981], '(Mann': [632, 3392], '1959).': [633], 'Various': [634, 3313], 'recent': [637, 962, 1728, 3400, 3532, 3678], 'years': [638, 963, 3281], 'shown': [640, 946, 970, 1263, 3844, 4589], 'at': [650, 815, 2740, 4808], 'least': [651, 816], 'class': [653], '(Love': [656], '1981).': [659], 'Medleau': [660, 923], 'Blue': [662, 845], '(1988)': [663], 'aureus,': [667, 4233], 'epidermidis': [672, 1478], 'G,': [681, 700], 'ampicillin': [682, 1116, 4667], 'tetracyclines.': [684], 'Brazil': [688], 'healthy': [693, 829, 3447, 3639, 3659, 4117], 'oxacillin,': [701], 'enrofloxacin': [704, 766, 1158], 'coagulase-positive': [707, 787, 1250], 'coagulase-negative': [718, 761, 800, 1182, 1205, 1226, 1357, 2781, 2803], '(Lilenbaum': [720, 1623, 1717], '1998,1999).': [723], 'probably': [726, 2459, 3967], 'due': [727, 2047, 2352, 2460, 2472, 2536], 'fact': [730, 3663], 'that,': [731, 3953], 'indigenous': [743], 'rarely': [747, 4786], 'disease': [749, 1548, 4099, 4486], 'them': [751], '1994).': [755, 2274, 3259, 4162], 'An': [756], 'cotrimoxazole,': [764], 'lincomycin,': [765], 'oxytetracycline': [768], 'England': [773], 'It': [778, 2189, 2209, 3768], 'apparent': [780], 'it': [783, 2076, 2697, 3155, 3245, 3439, 3483, 3497, 3504, 3694, 3711, 4052, 4313, 4617, 4777, 4802], 'only': [786, 4506], 'various': [797, 1504, 4429], 'constitute': [803], 'bacteria': [806, 2183, 2293, 3738, 3990], 'flora': [807], 'contrast,': [820], 'diseased': [831, 4119], 'gentamicin,': [836], 'clavulanic': [837], 'acid-amoxycillin,': [838], 'cephalexin': [840], 'bacitracin': [842], '(Medleau': [843, 1581], '1988;': [846], 'Lilenbaum': [847], '1998,1999;': [850, 1626], 'Patel': [851], 'sensitivity': [858], 'first': [865, 2684, 4068], '1960s': [869], '(Shimizu': [870], 'Shibata': [872], '1967).': [873], 'Rohrich': [874], '(1983)': [877], 'urinary': [886, 936], 'US': [893, 929], 'highly': [895, 2153, 3427, 4663], 'ampicillin,': [898, 954, 980, 1215], 'trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole,': [900], 'nitrofurantoin,': [901], 'cephalexin,': [902], 'kanamycin': [903, 1217, 2621], 'gentamicin.': [905, 1160], 'Moderate': [906], 'was': [908, 950, 1118, 1125, 1151, 2698, 2748, 3271, 3440, 4103], 'nalidixic': [911], 'acid': [912, 2223, 2458], 'oxytetracycline.': [914], 'Further': [915], 'Cox': [918, 1495], '(1984)': [921], '(1986)': [926], 'including': [935, 3783, 4137], 'infection': [938, 1482], 'suffering': [941], 'respectively': [944], 'tetracycline.': [957, 1977, 4669], 'Several': [958, 2937], 'different': [965, 1880, 3775], 'tetracycline': [983, 1881], '(Greene': [984, 3324], 'Lammler': [986, 3326], '1993;': [987, 2121, 2170, 3791], 'Pedersen': [988, 3621], 'Wegener': [990, 2035, 3623], '1995;': [991, 2036, 3795], 'Pellerin': [992, 2037], '1998)': [995], 'agreement': [997], 'earlier': [999], 'studies.': [1000, 4216], 'Hoekstra': [1001], 'Paulton': [1003], '(2002)': [1004], 'Canadian': [1007, 1083], 'study': [1008, 1084, 1122, 1186, 3423, 4219], 'dependent': [1018], 'species,': [1021], 'site': [1022], 'isolation,': [1024], 'sex': [1025], 'age': [1027], 'animal.': [1030], 'That': [1031], 'is,': [1032, 4662], 'significantly': [1036], 'cloxacillin': [1040], 'ear': [1049, 1189, 1745], 'isolates,': [1050], 'irrespective': [1051], 'cephalothin': [1058], 'body': [1064], 'sites.': [1065], 'Data': [1066], 'collected': [1067], 'over': [1068], '15-year': [1070], 'period': [1071], 'canine': [1079, 1188, 1579, 2163, 2198, 2577, 2667, 3108, 3134, 3322, 3343, 3406, 3472, 3555, 3655, 3681, 3807, 3819, 3947, 4049, 4079, 4250, 4325, 4414, 4452, 4516, 4529, 4700], 'another': [1082, 1420, 1455], 'depicts': [1085], 'picture': [1087], 'increased': [1089], 'antimicrobials': [1093], 'decreased': [1095], 'others,': [1098], 'reflecting': [1099], 'veterinary': [1108, 2005, 2194, 2613], 'hospitals': [1109], '(Prescott': [1110, 2019, 2629], '2002).': [1113, 2426, 4613], 'Penicillin': [1114, 1554], 'slight': [1127], 'decrease': [1128], 'trimethoprim–sulfonamides.': [1132], 'Erythromycin': [1133], 'clindamycin': [1135], 'however': [1137], 'remained': [1138], 'constant': [1139, 3231], 'result': [1142, 2355], 'on-going': [1144], 'cephalothin,': [1157], 'Antibiotic': [1161, 3114, 3117, 4454], 'largely': [1169, 1438], 'concentrated': [1170], 'very': [1178, 1311, 1412, 1575, 1654, 1842, 2440, 3839, 3869, 4791], 'little': [1179, 1287, 2375, 3677, 4406], 'investigation': [1180, 2376], 'species.': [1183, 1251, 1470, 3312], 'Recently': [1184], 'Japan': [1192], 'number': [1203, 3510, 3523, 4155], '(Yamashita': [1207, 4336], 'included': [1213], 'penicillin,': [1214, 4666], 'fluoroquinolones,': [1216], 'erythromycin.': [1219], 'More': [1220], 'needed': [1224], 'form': [1231], 'bulk': [1233], 'resident': [1235], 'assess': [1240], 'genes': [1247, 1331, 1397, 1884, 1910, 2095, 2146, 2161, 2503, 2555, 2586, 2600, 2637, 2658, 2675, 4212], 'Since': [1252], 'commercial': [1254], 'introduction': [1255, 3176], 'rapid': [1264, 4635], 'acquisition': [1265, 1801], 'almost': [1269], 'classes': [1273, 1505, 1525, 1887, 4430], 'antibiotics,': [1275], 'particularly': [1276], 'associated': [1280, 1798, 3248], 'nosocomial': [1282], 'humans.': [1285], 'Very': [1286], 'known': [1289], 'about': [1290, 3279], 'dogs.': [1303], 'However,': [1304, 1471, 3154, 4051, 4402, 4776], 'plasmids': [1305, 2265], 'play': [1309, 4625, 4742], 'important': [1312, 2808, 4779], 'role': [1313, 4738], 'organisms.': [1322], 'Plasmids': [1323], 'act': [1325, 2296, 3968], 'directly': [1326], 'carriers': [1328, 3660], 'vectors': [1334], 'transposon-borne': [1336], 'genes.': [1338, 2551, 3004, 3597], 'Horizontal': [1339], 'gene': [1340, 1394, 1735, 1980, 2256, 2270, 3037, 3561, 4230, 4584], 'occur': [1346], '(Schwarz': [1359, 1901, 1952, 2064, 2110, 2540], 'Noble': [1361, 1954, 2066, 2542], 'share': [1364], 'ecological': [1366], 'habitat': [1367, 1407], 'negative': [1375, 2292], 'skin,': [1379], 'mammals': [1386, 1409], 'exposed': [1390], 'pool.': [1395], 'acquired': [1400, 2952], 'polymicrobial': [1404], 'environment.': [1405], 'Their': [1406], 'makes': [1410], 'amenable': [1413], 'situations': [1424], 'bites': [1431], '(Talan': [1432], '1989).': [1435], 'times': [1445], 'few': [1460, 2814, 3748, 4792], 'reports': [1461, 1729, 2815, 2938, 4719], 'literature': [1464], 'possibly': [1476], 'cattle': [1488], '(Hummel': [1491], 'Meene': [1493], '1979;': [1494], '1985).': [1498], 'Mechanisms': [1499], 'discussed': [1515], 'below.': [1516], '3.2.1': [1517], 'Penicillins.': [1518], 'Penicillins': [1519], 'earliest': [1524], 'agents': [1528, 3239], 'be': [1530, 1974, 2247, 2351, 2535, 3017, 3128, 3157, 3410, 3426, 3456, 3846, 4038, 4273, 4538, 4691, 4804], 'medicine': [1534, 2006, 2195, 2371], 'large': [1540, 1804, 2634, 3166, 3196, 3509, 4151], 'conditions': [1549, 4100, 4542], '(Harvey': [1550, 2830], 'Hunter': [1552], 'cats.': [1563, 2528, 4721], 'Intrinsic': [1564], 'penicillins': [1567, 2018], 'production': [1571, 1766], 'β-lactamases': [1573, 4592], 'among': [1578, 2147, 2927], '1986;': [1584, 3568, 4605], 'Kruse': [1585], '1996).': [1588, 1878, 1922, 1997, 4302], 'medicine,': [1591, 1838, 3710, 4350], 'increasing': [1594], 'methicillin': [1597, 4511, 4524, 4577, 4629], 'oxacillin-resistant': [1599], 'late,': [1607], 'isolation': [1614, 1649, 1664, 2688, 2758], '(MRS)': [1618], 'Gortel': [1627, 1721], '1999;': [1630, 1634, 1638, 2133, 2137, 3828, 4255], 'Pak': [1631, 4256], 'Tomlin': [1635], 'van': [1639, 2774], 'Duijkeren': [1640, 2775, 2909], 'Kania': [1644, 4260], 'rate': [1650, 1665, 2412], 'low': [1655, 2479, 3141, 4031], '(Gortel': [1656, 4252], '1999)': [1659, 1724, 2543], 'humans,': [1667, 1873, 2502], 'zoonotic': [1682, 4322], '(Tanner': [1686, 4328], '2000;': [1689, 4389, 4393, 4397], 'Manian': [1690, 3796], '2003).': [1691, 2876, 3210, 3797], 'Coagulase-negative': [1692], 'MRS': [1693, 3824], 'epidermidis,': [1697, 4237], 'hominis,': [1699, 4239], 'haemolyticus,': [1701], 'xylosus,': [1703, 4244], 'felis': [1705], 'simulans': [1708], '1998;': [1720, 4385], 'detection': [1731, 3579, 4209], 'mecA': [1734, 1794, 4229, 4583], 'warneri': [1741, 4248], 'canals': [1746], 'pyodermas': [1749], '(Kania': [1752], '2004;': [1755, 4263], 'Methicillin': [1760, 4492], 'related': [1763, 3463], 'modified': [1769], 'penicillin-binding': [1770, 4600], 'protein,': [1771], 'referred': [1772], 'PBP2A': [1775, 1786], 'PBP2': [1777], '(Georgopapadakou': [1778], '1982;': [1781], 'Hartman': [1782], 'Tomasz': [1784, 4606], '1984).': [1785, 2975], 'low-affinity': [1789], 'binding': [1790], 'protein': [1791, 2242], 'encoded': [1792, 2548], 'gene.': [1795], 'DNA': [1805, 2300, 2307, 2360, 2463, 3543, 4193, 4292, 4686], 'element': [1806], 'ranges': [1808], '20': [1810], 'than': [1813, 3340, 4817], '100': [1814], 'kb': [1815, 3763], 'termed': [1816], 'cassette': [1819], 'chromosome': [1820, 1832], 'mec': [1821], '(SSCmec)': [1822], '(Katayama': [1823], '2000),': [1826, 4331], 'integrated': [1829], 'aureus.': [1835], 'MRSA': [1839, 2690, 2701, 2719, 2745, 2760, 2800, 2845, 2901, 2926, 3881, 4496, 4764, 4812], 'difficult': [1843, 3441, 3696], 'significance': [1849], 'investigated.': [1857], '3.2.2': [1858], 'Tetracyclines.': [1859], 'Tetracyclines': [1860], 'widely': [1864, 2002], 'prevention': [1868], 'plants': [1876], '(Roberts': [1877, 1921, 1992], 'Four': [1879, 2091, 2580], '(tet)': [1883], 'assigned': [1885], 'K,': [1888], 'L,': [1889], 'M': [1890], 'O': [1892], 'detected': [1895], '1998b;': [1904], 'Kim': [1905], 'These': [1909, 2431, 2674], 'encode': [1911], 'active': [1916], 'efflux': [1917, 2056], 'ribosome': [1919, 1962], 'protection': [1920], 'Tetracycline': [1923], 'influx': [1924], 'proteins': [1925, 1964, 4601], 'K': [1926], 'L': [1928], 'consist': [1929], '14': [1931], 'transmembrane': [1932], 'regions': [1933], '(Paulsen': [1934], 'Roberts': [1938], '1996)': [1939, 3243, 3611], 'corresponding': [1942], 'genes,': [1943], 'tetK': [1944], 'tetL,': [1946], 'plasmid': [1950, 2258, 2592, 3257, 4023], 'borne': [1951], 'tetM': [1956, 1979], 'tetO': [1958], 'code': [1960], 'protective': [1963], 'inducible': [1975, 2560], 'conjugative': [1984], 'transposons': [1985, 3255], 'exhibits': [1987], 'broad': [1989, 2434, 3021], 'host': [1990], 'Taylor': [1994], 'Chau': [1996], '3.2.3': [1998], 'Macrolides.': [1999], 'Macrolides': [2000], 'treatment': [2009, 2324, 4728], '2000)': [2022, 2837], 'spiramycin': [2026], '(Pedersen': [2033], '1998).': [2040], 'Staphylococcal': [2041], 'macrolides': [2044], 'mainly': [2046, 2180], 'erythromycin-resistance': [2049], 'methylases,': [2050], 'target-site': [2053], 'modification.': [2054], 'Active': [2055], 'enzymatic': [2058, 2538], 'inactivation': [2059, 2539], 'Target': [2068], 'modification': [2069], 'mechanism': [2074], 'involves': [2077, 3733], 'demethylation': [2079], 'adenine': [2081], 'residues': [2082], '23S': [2085, 3594], 'rRNA': [2086, 2092], '(Werckenthin': [2087, 2205, 2465], '2001).': [2090, 2174, 2208, 2468, 2673], 'methylase': [2093], '(erm)': [2094], 'namely,': [2096], 'erm(A),': [2097], 'erm(B),': [2098], 'erm(C)': [2099], 'erm(F)': [2101], 'Blobel': [2112], 'Schwarz': [2114, 2140, 2568, 3644, 4127], '1990,1998a;': [2117], 'Eady': [2118], 'Lodder': [2122], '1996,1997;': [2125], 'Werckenthin': [2126, 2138], '1996,1999;': [2129], 'Chung': [2130], 'Jensen': [2134], 'distribution': [2143], 'specific,': [2154], 'ermB': [2156], 'being': [2157, 2724], 'dominate': [2160], '(Eady': [2167], 'Boerlin': [2171], '3.2.4': [2175], 'Mupirocin.': [2176], 'Mupirocin': [2177, 2244], 'activity': [2179, 2288, 2437], 'against': [2181], 'streptococci.': [2188], 'occasionally': [2191, 2523], 'multi-resistant': [2202], 'acts': [2210], 'competitively': [2212], 'inhibiting': [2213, 2298], 'isoleucyl': [2214], 'tRNA': [2215], 'synthase,': [2216], 'thereby': [2217], 'preventing': [2218], 'incorporation': [2219], 'amino': [2222], 'isoleucine': [2224], 'growing': [2226], 'polypeptide': [2227, 2230], 'chains': [2228], 'during': [2229], 'synthesis': [2231], '(Hughes': [2232], 'Mellows': [2234], '1978a,b,1980)': [2235], 'finally': [2237], 'results': [2238, 3366, 3898, 4124], 'breakdown': [2240], 'biosynthesis.': [2243], 'high': [2248, 3180, 3840, 4196], 'moderate': [2250], 'depending': [2251], 'whether': [2253], 'chromosomally': [2260], 'located.': [2261], 'Resistant': [2262, 4650], 'harbour': [2264], 'carry': [2267, 3957, 4595], 'mupA': [2269], '(Needham': [2271], '3.2.5': [2275], 'Fluoroquinolones.': [2276], 'Fluoroquinolones': [2277], 'group': [2280], 'amongst': [2289, 2397], 'where': [2294], 'gyrase,': [2301], 'enzyme': [2303, 3743, 4064], 'responsible': [2304], 'packaging': [2306], 'within': [2308, 3587, 4198], 'cell': [2310], '(Lloyd': [2311], 'Enrofloxacin': [2315], 'marbofloxacin': [2317], 'extensively': [2321, 3123, 3772], '(Paradis': [2333], 'Ihrke': [2337, 2343], 'Koch': [2339], 'Peters': [2341], 'stepwise': [2357], 'mutations': [2358], 'gyrase.': [2361], 'Although': [2362, 2799], 'fluoroquinolone': [2363, 2395], 'well': [2367, 4461], 'studied': [2368, 4462], 'Lloyd': [2385], '(1999)': [2388], 'level': [2392], '0.9%': [2394], '858': [2398], 'examined': [2404], '1996': [2406], '1998.': [2408], 'higher': [2411], '(8–12%)': [2413], 'Sweden': [2421], '(SVARM': [2425], '3.2.6': [2427], 'Sulfonamides': [2428], 'trimethoprim.': [2430, 2482], 'effective': [2441], 'treating': [2443], 'pyoderma.': [2444], 'sulfonamide': [2447], 'believed': [2449], 'emanate': [2451], 'overproduction': [2454], 'p-amino': [2456], 'benzoic': [2457], 'chromosomal': [2462, 2606, 3542], 'mutation': [2464], 'Trimethoprim': [2469], 'dihydrofolate': [2474, 2506], 'reductases': [2475], 'affinity': [2480], 'sulfonamides': [2488], 'trimethoprim': [2490], 'specifically': [2494], 'investigated': [2495, 2572, 4705], 'encoding': [2504, 2638], 'reductase': [2507], '(dfr)': [2508], 'B': [2511], '(Rouch': [2515], '1987).': [2518], '3.2.7': [2519], 'Chloramphenicol.': [2520], 'Chloramphenicol': [2521], 'chloramphenicol': [2531, 2546, 2562, 2573], 'thought': [2533], 'plasmid-borne': [2545], 'acetyltransferases': [2547], 'Expression': [2552], 'translational': [2564], 'attenuation': [2565], '(Lovett': [2566], '1990).': [2567], '(1995)': [2571, 3624, 3645], 'seven': [2576], 'intermedius.': [2579], 'located': [2589, 2603], 'remaining': [2595], 'three': [2596], 'DNA.': [2607, 4179], '3.2.8': [2608], 'Aminoglycosides.': [2609], 'Aminoglycosides': [2610, 2656], 'applications': [2614, 3815, 4206], 'streptomycin,': [2618, 2679], 'neomycin': [2619], 'phenomenon': [2625], 'pathogens': [2628, 4369], 'acetyltransferases,': [2643], 'nucleotidyltransferases': [2644], 'phosphotransferases': [2646], 'described': [2649], '(Shaw': [2652], '1993).': [2655, 3327, 3726, 3935], 'aaDE,': [2659], 'sat4': [2660], 'aphA-3': [2662], '(Boerlin': [2670], 'mediate': [2676], 'streptothricin': [2680], 'neomycin.': [2682], 'report': [2685, 3401], 'appeared': [2693, 3424], '1975': [2695], 'milk': [2707], 'mastitic': [2709], 'cows': [2710, 2731], '(Devriese': [2711], 'Hommez': [2713], '1975).': [2714], 'time': [2717, 2742, 3159], 'suspected': [2722], 'transferred': [2725, 2848], 'dairymen': [2728], 'basis': [2734, 3488, 4562], 'phenotypic': [2736, 3023, 3491], 'characteristics': [2737], 'because': [2739, 3138, 3226, 3717], 'occurrence': [2743], 'considered': [2749], 'rare': [2751], 'event.': [2752], 'Recent': [2753], 'several': [2762], '(Hartman': [2766], '1997;': [2769, 2773], 'Shimizu': [2770, 3798], '2004a)': [2778], 'even': [2784], 'chickens': [2788], 'horses': [2790], '(Kawano': [2791], 'Yasuda': [2795], 'clinically': [2807], 'past': [2818, 2941], 'suggested': [2820], '1994;': [2833, 3206, 3857], 'Tanner': [2834], 'somewhat': [2841], 'anecdotal': [2842], 'evidence': [2843], 'indirectly': [2849], 'patient': [2855, 2867], 'intensive': [2858], 'unit': [2860], '(Cefai': [2861], 'his': [2869], 'wife': [2870], 'household': [2873], 'setting': [2874], '(Manian': [2875], 'based': [2878, 3031, 3066, 3576], 'pulse-field': [2880], 'gel': [2881, 3087, 3729, 4677], 'electrophoresis': [2882, 3088, 3730, 4065], 'SCCmec': [2884], 'typing': [2885, 3051, 3264, 3307, 3319, 3338, 3348, 3404, 3454, 3481, 3805, 3822, 3882, 3979, 4016, 4045, 4352, 4410, 4443, 4672, 4681], 'its': [2895, 3519, 3700, 3719], 'owner': [2896], 'show': [2897], 'transmission': [2899, 3355, 4323], '(van': [2908], '2004b).': [2912], 'circumstantial': [2914], 'grounds': [2915], 'implicated': [2920], 'passive': [2923], 'hospital': [2928], 'patients': [2929], 'ward': [2932], '(Scott': [2933], '1988).': [2936], 'indicated': [2943, 3367], 'owners': [2955, 4815], 'predominant': [2964], '(Hearst': [2966], '1967;': [2967], 'Krogh': [2968], 'Kristensen': [2970], '1976;': [2971], 'Devriese': [2972], 'determination': [2977], 'relationships': [2980], 'particular': [2990, 4192], 'clonal': [2996], 'horizontal': [3000], 'methods': [3006, 3028, 3059, 3101, 4017, 4355], 'studying': [3009], 'grouped': [3018], 'two': [3020, 3379], 'categories:': [3022], 'genotypic': [3025], 'methods.': [3026, 3173], 'Phenotypic': [3027], 'techniques': [3030, 3043, 3535, 4202, 4269, 4444, 4473], 'outward': [3033], 'expression': [3034], 'include': [3042, 3077, 3821], 'biotyping,': [3046], 'patterns,': [3049], 'bacteriophage': [3050, 3849], 'ribotyping': [3053, 3853, 4123], '(Tenover': [3054, 3090, 3240, 3764, 3854, 4159], '1997).': [3057, 3093, 3767], 'Genotypic': [3058], 'genetic': [3069, 3251, 3581, 4088, 4109, 4561], 'constituent': [3070], 'analysis': [3071, 3540], 'organism': [3074, 3933], 'restriction': [3078, 3538, 3562, 3670, 3742], 'endonucleases,': [3079], 'polymerase': [3080], 'chain': [3081, 4165], 'reaction': [3082, 4166], '(PCR)': [3083], 'pulse': [3085], 'field': [3086], '(PFGE)': [3089], 'We': [3094], 'will': [3095, 3125], 'briefly': [3096], 'describe': [3097], 'each': [3098, 3310, 3900], 'respect': [3103], 'application': [3106, 3679, 4072, 4318, 4407], 'feline': [3110, 3136, 3474, 3691, 4047, 4416, 4450, 4457, 4514, 4527, 4698], 'differentiation.': [3112], '5.1.1': [3113], 'patterns.': [3116], 'continue': [3126], 'type': [3131, 3293, 3500], 'cost,': [3142], 'lack': [3143, 4581], 'requirement': [3145], 'expensive': [3147], 'equipment': [3148], 'straightforward': [3150, 3202], 'interpretation': [3151], 'results.': [3153, 4061], 'consuming': [3160], 'laborious': [3162], 'technique': [3163, 3599, 3674, 3942, 4013, 4041, 4181], 'screening': [3165, 3182], 'collections': [3167], 'using': [3170], 'standard': [3171], 'dilution': [3172], 'With': [3174], 'commercially': [3178], 'available': [3179], 'throughput': [3181], 'systems': [3183], 'VITEK': [3186], '2': [3187], 'Combas': [3189], 'Micro': [3190], 'System,': [3191], 'testing': [3194], 'collection': [3197], 'samples': [3199], '(Simoons-Smit': [3203], 'Maclaren': [3205], 'Ling': [3207], 'main': [3212, 4277], 'drawback': [3213], 'poor': [3223, 3495, 3720], 'discriminatory': [3224, 3721, 3834, 4146], 'power': [3225, 3722], 'under': [3230], 'selection': [3232], 'pressure': [3233], 'continued': [3235], 'McGowan': [3242], 'mobile': [3250], 'elements': [3252, 4298], '(Davies': [3258], '5.1.2': [3260], 'Phage': [3261, 3263, 3347], 'typing.': [3262], 'standardized': [3272], 'World': [3275], 'Health': [3276], 'Organization': [3277], '(WHO)': [3278], '30': [3280], 'ago': [3282], '(Bannerman': [3283, 3527, 3883], '1995)': [3286], 'since': [3289], 'origin.': [3299, 3475, 3950, 4417], 'Different': [3300], 'panels': [3301], 'phage': [3303, 3314, 3333, 3386, 3403, 3453, 3480, 3512], 'sets': [3315, 3334], 'capable': [3317, 3336], '64–74%': [3320], 'traditional': [3329], 'bovine': [3332], 'less': [3339, 3714], '10%': [3341], '(Wang': [3345], '1978).': [3346], 'employed': [3351], 'investigate': [3353, 4694], 'nontypable': [3373], 'strain': [3376, 4351], 'phages': [3377], 'types': [3387, 3391], '1959;': [3393], 'Mann': [3394], '1965).': [3397], 'appears': [3408], 'work': [3412], 'done': [3413], 'Overturf': [3415], '(1991).': [3418], 'Phages': [3419], 'limited': [3433, 4108, 4317, 4508], 'lytic': [3434], 'so': [3438, 4801], 'distinguish': [3443, 3774], 'sick': [3449], 'Despite': [3451], 'this,': [3452], 'useful': [3458, 4205], 'tool': [3459, 3980], 'distinguishing': [3461], 'epidemiologically': [3462], 'draw': [3477, 3888], 'backs': [3478, 3889], 'are;': [3482, 3892], 'characterizes': [3484], 'marker': [3492], 'reproducibility,': [3496], 'does': [3498], 'requires': [3505], 'maintenance': [3506], 'stocks': [3513], 'propagating': [3515], 'stocks,': [3516], 'confines': [3518], 'reference': [3525], 'laboratories': [3526], '1995).': [3530, 3861, 3886, 4128], 'years,': [3533], 'molecular': [3534, 3605, 4354, 4409, 4671, 4707], 'ranging': [3536, 3758], 'endonuclease': [3539], 'PCR–DNA': [3546], 'sequencing': [3547], 'staphylococci.': [3556, 3692, 4050, 4517, 4701, 4751], '5.2.1': [3557], 'Ribotyping': [3558, 3564], '(ribosomal': [3559], 'RNA': [3560, 3596], 'analysis).': [3563], '(Grimont': [3565], 'Grimont': [3567], 'Stull': [3569], '1988)': [3572], 'method': [3575, 3923, 4171, 4311], 'genomic': [3585], 'sequences': [3586], 'flanking': [3589], '16S,': [3591], '5·8S': [3592], 'ribosomal': [3595], 'dual': [3601], 'applications;': [3602], '(Bingen': [3608], '(Brisse': [3617], 'notable': [3626], 'ribotype': [3629], 'Hesselbarth': [3642], 'did': [3646], 'find': [3648], 'despite': [3661], 'same': [3669, 3959], 'enzyme,': [3671], 'EcoRI.': [3672], 'no': [3687, 4557, 4717], 'Therefore': [3693], 'speculate': [3698], 'usefulness': [3701], 'now': [3713], '(Gordillo': [3723], '5.2.2': [3727], 'Pulse-field': [3728], '(PFGE).': [3731], 'PFGE': [3732, 3817, 3837, 3864, 3871, 3891], 'digestion': [3735], 'genome': [3739], 'relatively': [3746], 'recognition': [3749], 'sites': [3750], 'thus': [3752, 3873], 'generate': [3754], 'approx.': [3755], '10–30': [3756], 'fragments': [3757, 4177], '10': [3760], '80': [3762], 'applied': [3771, 3940, 4132, 4692], '(MRSA)': [3787], '(Udo': [3788], 'Grubb': [3790], 'Bannerman': [3792, 3858], '(1996)': [3801], 'successful': [3804, 4011], 'PFGE.': [3813], 'Other': [3814], '(Pak': [3825], 'ability': [3835, 4147, 4184], 'superior': [3847], 'typing,': [3850], 'antibiogram': [3851], 'Results': [3862], 'reliable': [3867], 'reproducible.': [3870], 'proposed': [3875], '‘gold': [3878], 'standard’': [3879], 'inability': [3894], 'compare': [3896], 'inter-centre': [3897], 'other,': [3901], 'technical': [3903, 4054], 'demands': [3904, 4053], 'procedure': [3907], 'initial': [3910], 'cost': [3911, 4032], 'equipment.': [3914], '5.2.3': [3915], 'Pyrolysis-mass': [3916], 'spectrometry': [3917], '(Py-MS).': [3918], 'Py-MS': [3919, 3975, 4007, 4036], 'spectroscopic': [3922], 'analyses': [3925], 'total': [3927], 'biochemical': [3928], 'makeup': [3929], '(phenotype)': [3930], '(Magee': [3934], 'Goodacre': [3936], 'They': [3951], 'reservoir.': [3971], 'effectiveness': [3973], 'assessed': [3983], '(Freeman': [3991], '1990,1991;': [3994], 'Gould': [3995], '1991;': [3998], 'Magee': [3999], '1991,1993).': [4002], 'reports,': [4006], 'rated': [4008], 'alternative': [4012], 'conventional': [4015], 'antibiogram,': [4020], 'biotype': [4021], 'profile.': [4024], 'speed,': [4026], 'reproducibility': [4027], 'versatility': [4028], 'relative': [4030], 'suggest': [4034], 'valuable': [4040], 'expertize': [4055], 'conduct': [4057], 'analyse': [4059], '5.2.4': [4062], 'Multilocus': [4063], '(MLEE).': [4066], 'case': [4070], 'MLEE': [4074, 4129], 'came': [4081], 'Barrs': [4083], '(2000).': [4086], 'structure': [4089], 'examined.': [4104], 'authors': [4106], 'diversity': [4110, 4342], '(Hesselbarth': [4125], '(Selander': [4140], '1986)': [4143], 'depends': [4148], 'extent': [4152], 'enzymes': [4157], '5.2.5': [4163], 'Polymerase': [4164], '(PCR).': [4167], 'creating': [4173], 'copies': [4174, 4189], 'produce': [4186], 'millions': [4187], 'segment': [4194], 'fidelity': [4197], '3–4': [4199], 'h.': [4200], 'PCR': [4201, 4222, 4271, 4287, 4299], 'MRS,': [4221], 'detect': [4227], 'intermedius,': [4235], 'haemolyticus': [4241], 'schleiferi,': [4246], '1999,': [4259], 'involving': [4270], 'divided': [4274], 'four': [4276], 'groups:': [4278], 'PCR-restriction': [4279], 'fragment': [4280], 'length': [4281], 'polymorphism': [4282], '(PCR-RFLP),': [4283], 'PCR-ribotyping,': [4284], 'arbitrarily': [4285], 'primed': [4286], 'random': [4289], 'amplified': [4290], 'polymorphic': [4291], '(AP-PCR/RAPD)': [4293], 'repetitive': [4295], 'palindromic': [4296], 'extragenic': [4297], '(Rep-PCR)': [4300], '(Power': [4301], 'Of': [4303], 'these,': [4304], 'PCR-ribotyping': [4305], 'assessing': [4320], '2005)': [4339], 'population': [4341], '(Bes': [4344], '2002b).': [4347], 'helpful': [4358], 'investigating': [4360], 'outbreaks': [4361], 'MRSA,': [4372], 'vancomycin-resistant': [4373], 'enterococci': [4374], '(VRE),': [4375], 'Pseudomonas': [4376], 'aeruginosa,': [4377], 'Klebsiella': [4378], 'pneumonia': [4379], 'Salmonella': [4381], '(Podschun': [4382], 'Ullmann': [4384], 'Campbell': [4386], 'Enright': [4390], 'Tassios': [4394], 'Turabelidze': [4398], 'we': [4421], 'highlighted': [4423], 'therapy,': [4438], 'isolates.': [4453, 4491], 'documented.': [4464], 'Canine': [4465], 'powerful': [4481], 'enough': [4482], 'discriminate': [4484], 'causing': [4487], 'remain': [4497], 'huge': [4499], 'problem': [4502], 'Most': [4518], 'rely': [4531], 'environmental': [4541], 'temperature,': [4545], 'pH': [4546], 'salt': [4548], 'concentrations': [4549], 'media': [4552], '(Brown': [4553], '2001)': [4554], 'give': [4556], 'indication': [4558], 'For': [4565], 'instance,': [4566], 'examples': [4569], 'vitro': [4579], 'overproduce': [4591], 'modifications': [4596], '(McDougal': [4602], 'Thornsberry': [4604], '1989;': [4609], 'Petinaki': [4610], 'know': [4620], 'if': [4621, 4736], 'worrying': [4648], 'development.': [4649], 'Effective': [4670], 'pulsed-field': [4676], 'electrophoresis,': [4678], 'multilocus': [4679], 'sequence': [4680], 'recently': [4684], 'macro': [4687], 'array': [4688], 'technology': [4689], 'must': [4690], 'Few': [4702], 'epidemiology': [4708, 4745], 'published': [4718], 'Such': [4722], 'required': [4725], 'improve': [4727], 'determine': [4734], 'what': [4735], 'hypothesis': [4753], 'serve': [4759], 'reservoir': [4762], 'impact': [4769], "people's": [4771], 'attitudes': [4772], 'pet.': [4775], 'note': [4781], 'recovered': [4787], 'pets': [4806], 'risk': [4809], 'acquiring': [4811], 'rather': [4816], 'way': [4820], 'round.': [4821]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027692819', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T11:47:11.084119', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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