Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2027183849', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.37.11.2371', 'title': 'In vitro and in vivo activities of the hydroxynaphthoquinone atovaquone alone or combined with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, clarithromycin, or minocycline against Toxoplasma gondii', 'display_name': 'In vitro and in vivo activities of the hydroxynaphthoquinone atovaquone alone or combined with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, clarithromycin, or minocycline against Toxoplasma gondii', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2027183849', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.37.11.2371', 'mag': '2027183849', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8285620', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/192394'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.37.11.2371', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S47215897', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy', 'issn_l': '0066-4804', 'issn': ['0066-4804', '1070-6283', '1098-6596'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc192394?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110078731', 'display_name': 'S. Romand', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144610', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Saint-Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049am9t04', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097159', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144610']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S Romand', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210144610']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090643726', 'display_name': 'Mary Pudney', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144610', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Saint-Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049am9t04', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097159', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144610']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M Pudney', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210144610']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030384136', 'display_name': 'Francis Derouin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210144610', 'display_name': 'Hôpital Saint-Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049am9t04', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097159', 'https://openalex.org/I4210144610']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F Derouin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210144610']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.562, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 77, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.958054, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '2371', 'last_page': '2378'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11155', 'display_name': 'Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11155', 'display_name': 'Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10625', 'display_name': 'Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments', 'score': 0.9953, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12369', 'display_name': 'Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment', 'score': 0.9937, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/atovaquone', 'display_name': 'Atovaquone', 'score': 0.93386245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/minocycline', 'display_name': 'Minocycline', 'score': 0.5451644}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/toxoplasmosis', 'display_name': 'Toxoplasmosis', 'score': 0.50909203}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779124865', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418179', 'display_name': 'Atovaquone', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.93386245}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778269047', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555060', 'display_name': 'Sulfadiazine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8877994}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777035104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421072', 'display_name': 'Pyrimethamine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.84253395}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776962512', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118551', 'display_name': 'Clarithromycin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7281376}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6495873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207001950', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124', 'display_name': 'In vivo', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6235018}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778275353', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415336', 'display_name': 'Minocycline', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5451644}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778062946', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154878', 'display_name': 'Toxoplasmosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50909203}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778128430', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131003', 'display_name': 'Toxoplasma gondii', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47597423}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4456471}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3019249092', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274493', 'display_name': 'Antibacterial agent', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42845407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3899732}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3317148}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27956086}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C501593827', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187', 'display_name': 'Antibiotics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15769237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778371730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383', 'display_name': 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.15050432}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778048844', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156', 'display_name': 'Malaria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.100898474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159654299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460', 'display_name': 'Antibody', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.37.11.2371', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S47215897', 'display_name': 'Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy', 'issn_l': '0066-4804', 'issn': ['0066-4804', '1070-6283', '1098-6596'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320263', 'host_organization_name': 'American Society for Microbiology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320263'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Society for Microbiology'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc192394', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc192394?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC192394', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc192394', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc192394?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.78}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 19, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1965527205', 'https://openalex.org/W1975354132', 'https://openalex.org/W1981742733', 'https://openalex.org/W1987070293', 'https://openalex.org/W1988190564', 'https://openalex.org/W2003682354', 'https://openalex.org/W2007561244', 'https://openalex.org/W2012410709', 'https://openalex.org/W2012789887', 'https://openalex.org/W2050261053', 'https://openalex.org/W2052997048', 'https://openalex.org/W2065172636', 'https://openalex.org/W2072835704', 'https://openalex.org/W2077739650', 'https://openalex.org/W2109973653', 'https://openalex.org/W2125368948', 'https://openalex.org/W2318411594', 'https://openalex.org/W2328289254', 'https://openalex.org/W2417170656'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3010002534', 'https://openalex.org/W2987943038', 'https://openalex.org/W2328289254', 'https://openalex.org/W2151871917', 'https://openalex.org/W2146861732', 'https://openalex.org/W2110024402', 'https://openalex.org/W2065172636', 'https://openalex.org/W2027183849', 'https://openalex.org/W156431592', 'https://openalex.org/W111668322'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 73, 230], 'efficacy': [1, 289], 'of': [2, 22, 37, 57, 85, 93, 121, 127, 144, 184, 191, 218, 228, 232, 249, 269, 279], 'atovaquone': [3, 79, 94, 137, 185, 192, 233, 280], 'alone': [4], 'or': [5, 111, 146, 172, 195, 237, 306], 'combined': [6, 168, 301], 'with': [7, 30, 35, 54, 98, 169, 186, 206, 215, 234, 262, 267, 302], 'pyrimethamine,': [8, 235, 303], 'sulfadiazine,': [9, 170, 304], 'clarithromycin,': [10, 171, 236], 'and': [11, 17, 62, 82, 90, 124, 133, 223, 256, 294], 'minocycline': [12, 112], 'was': [13, 117, 154, 163, 167, 179, 213, 290, 300], 'examined': [14], 'in': [15, 18, 46, 130, 202, 208, 221, 247, 254, 264, 288, 292, 295], 'vitro': [16, 26, 293], 'a': [19, 142, 175, 216], 'murine': [20], 'model': [21], 'acute': [23], 'toxoplasmosis.': [24], 'In': [25, 135, 188], 'studies': [27], 'were': [28, 50, 77, 239, 258], 'performed': [29], 'MRC5': [31], 'fibroblast': [32], 'tissue': [33], 'cultures,': [34], 'quantification': [36], 'Toxoplasma': [38, 139, 282], 'growth': [39, 140], 'by': [40, 119], 'an': [41], 'enzyme-linked': [42], 'immunosorbent': [43], 'assay.': [44], 'For': [45], 'vivo': [47, 296], 'studies,': [48], 'mice': [49, 265], 'acutely': [51], 'infected': [52], 'intraperitoneally': [53], '10(4)': [55], 'tachyzoites': [56], 'the': [58, 91, 150, 182, 226, 270, 277], 'virulent': [59], 'RH': [60], 'strain': [61], 'then': [63], 'treated': [64, 266], 'perorally': [65], 'for': [66, 181, 198], '10': [67, 199], 'days': [68, 200], 'from': [69], 'day': [70, 89], '1': [71], 'postinfection.': [72], 'following': [74], 'drug': [75, 244, 299], 'regimens': [76], 'investigated:': [78], 'at': [80, 95, 100, 104, 108, 113, 141, 193], '100': [81, 194], '50': [83, 96, 114, 196], 'mg/kg': [84, 97], 'body': [86], 'weight': [87], 'per': [88], 'combinations': [92, 231], 'sulfadiazine': [99, 238], '200': [101, 109], 'mg/kg,': [102, 106, 110], 'pyrimethamine': [103], '12.5': [105], 'clarithromycin': [107], 'mg/kg.': [115], 'Efficacy': [116], 'assessed': [118], 'determination': [120, 126], 'survival': [122, 204, 212], 'rates': [123], 'sequential': [125], 'parasite': [128, 219, 252], 'burdens': [129, 220, 253], 'blood,': [131], 'brain,': [132], 'lungs.': [134], 'vitro,': [136], 'inhibited': [138], 'concentration': [143, 153], '>': [145], '=': [147], '0.02': [148], 'mg/liter;': [149], '50%': [151], 'inhibitory': [152], 'estimated': [155], 'to': [156], 'be': [157], '0.023': [158], 'mg/liter.': [159], 'No': [160], 'synergistic': [161], 'effect': [162, 178], 'observed': [164, 291], 'when': [165, 297], 'it': [166], 'minocycline,': [173, 305], 'whereas': [174], 'significant': [176], 'antagonistic': [177], 'noted': [180], 'combination': [183], 'pyrimethamine.': [187], 'vivo,': [189], 'administration': [190], 'mg/kg/day': [197], 'resulted': [201], 'prolonged': [203], 'compared': [205, 261], 'that': [207], 'untreated': [209], 'mice;': [210], 'this': [211, 298], 'associated': [214], 'reduction': [217], 'blood': [222, 255], 'tissues': [224], 'during': [225], 'course': [227], 'treatment.': [229], 'more': [240], 'efficient': [241], 'than': [242], 'each': [243], 'administered': [245], 'alone,': [246], 'terms': [248], 'survival,': [250], 'but': [251, 284], 'organs': [257], 'not': [259], 'reduced': [260], 'those': [263], 'any': [268], 'agents': [271], 'alone.': [272], 'These': [273], 'experimental': [274], 'results': [275], 'confirmed': [276], 'activity': [278], 'against': [281], 'gondii,': [283], 'no': [285], 'marked': [286], 'improvement': [287], 'clarithromycin.': [307]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027183849', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-07T15:10:10.591372', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}