Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2026017564', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2009.03.002', 'title': 'Non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis', 'display_name': 'Non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2026017564', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2009.03.002', 'mag': '2026017564', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19505671'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2009.03.002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S67215617', 'display_name': 'Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology', 'issn_l': '1521-6918', 'issn': ['1521-6918', '1532-1916'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031704657', 'display_name': 'U Denzer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'display_name': 'Universität Hamburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00g30e956', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210108711', 'display_name': 'University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zgy1s35', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108711']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ulrike W. Denzer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-24046 Hamburg, Germany.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-24046 Hamburg, Germany.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108711']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102992424', 'display_name': 'Stefan Lüth', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9946-0960'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'display_name': 'Universität Hamburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00g30e956', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210108711', 'display_name': 'University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01zgy1s35', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108711']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stefan Lüth', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-24046 Hamburg, Germany.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-24046 Hamburg, Germany.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'https://openalex.org/I4210108711']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3390, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3390, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.002, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 44, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.534432, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '23', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '453', 'last_page': '460'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10351', 'display_name': 'Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10351', 'display_name': 'Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11495', 'display_name': 'Animal Virus Infections Studies', 'score': 0.9942, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1103', 'display_name': 'Animal Science and Zoology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10340', 'display_name': 'Hepatitis B Virus Studies', 'score': 0.9938, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard', 'display_name': 'Gold standard (test)', 'score': 0.6433078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-disease', 'display_name': 'Liver disease', 'score': 0.50245786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-liver-disease', 'display_name': 'Chronic liver disease', 'score': 0.48250723}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.90021634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777214474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778', 'display_name': 'Cirrhosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8042701}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777766500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360841', 'display_name': 'Liver biopsy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.76483536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40993552', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654', 'display_name': 'Gold standard (test)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6433078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780559512', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605709', 'display_name': 'Fibrosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58878565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2994217296', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778', 'display_name': 'Liver fibrosis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5703474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775934546', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179991', 'display_name': 'Biopsy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5638027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777075537', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737', 'display_name': 'Liver disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50245786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779102576', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113984', 'display_name': 'Chronic liver disease', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48250723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146357865', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245', 'display_name': 'Stage (stratigraphy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4808703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90924648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569', 'display_name': 'Gastroenterology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46815562}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43624064}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43496072}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D008103', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008103', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008111', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver Function Tests', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019540', 'descriptor_name': 'Area Under Curve', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015415', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001707', 'descriptor_name': 'Biopsy, Needle', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003952', 'descriptor_name': 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018450', 'descriptor_name': 'Disease Progression', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004548', 'descriptor_name': 'Elasticity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D054459', 'descriptor_name': 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006526', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepatitis C', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006526', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepatitis C', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000150', 'qualifier_name': 'complications', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006526', 'descriptor_name': 'Hepatitis C', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008103', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008103', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000821', 'qualifier_name': 'virology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008103', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008111', 'descriptor_name': 'Liver Function Tests', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008991', 'descriptor_name': 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011379', 'descriptor_name': 'Prognosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012680', 'descriptor_name': 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2009.03.002', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S67215617', 'display_name': 'Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology', 'issn_l': '1521-6918', 'issn': ['1521-6918', '1532-1916'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19505671', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.8, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 48, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1853325270', 'https://openalex.org/W187913359', 'https://openalex.org/W1943302144', 'https://openalex.org/W1963850184', 'https://openalex.org/W1967640398', 'https://openalex.org/W1969562548', 'https://openalex.org/W1972702648', 'https://openalex.org/W1979287099', 'https://openalex.org/W1981900811', 'https://openalex.org/W1988075943', 'https://openalex.org/W1997865776', 'https://openalex.org/W2000538721', 'https://openalex.org/W2001964816', 'https://openalex.org/W2004182719', 'https://openalex.org/W2004679437', 'https://openalex.org/W2008132884', 'https://openalex.org/W2009135063', 'https://openalex.org/W2017263715', 'https://openalex.org/W2018064008', 'https://openalex.org/W2025946383', 'https://openalex.org/W2027453598', 'https://openalex.org/W2037310217', 'https://openalex.org/W2038866228', 'https://openalex.org/W2039276585', 'https://openalex.org/W2044803173', 'https://openalex.org/W2046673627', 'https://openalex.org/W2053433997', 'https://openalex.org/W2074578649', 'https://openalex.org/W2076529570', 'https://openalex.org/W2081226889', 'https://openalex.org/W2087290401', 'https://openalex.org/W2089662151', 'https://openalex.org/W2094639617', 'https://openalex.org/W2096995350', 'https://openalex.org/W2110580470', 'https://openalex.org/W2111047324', 'https://openalex.org/W2115751298', 'https://openalex.org/W2119993857', 'https://openalex.org/W2122811145', 'https://openalex.org/W2136336812', 'https://openalex.org/W2137230959', 'https://openalex.org/W2142445430', 'https://openalex.org/W2148425257', 'https://openalex.org/W2149346967', 'https://openalex.org/W2150588560', 'https://openalex.org/W2151769300', 'https://openalex.org/W2166947839', 'https://openalex.org/W2315833122'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386461153', 'https://openalex.org/W3047362955', 'https://openalex.org/W2353298205', 'https://openalex.org/W2333268273', 'https://openalex.org/W2327090791', 'https://openalex.org/W2172263024', 'https://openalex.org/W2141672245', 'https://openalex.org/W2131226807', 'https://openalex.org/W2067800312', 'https://openalex.org/W2037300217'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026017564', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T05:43:31.093654', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}