Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2025561950', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i10.1508', 'title': 'Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on TNBS-induced rat colitis', 'display_name': 'Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on TNBS-induced rat colitis', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2025561950', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i10.1508', 'mag': '2025561950', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15770728', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4305694'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i10.1508', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S181459644', 'display_name': 'World Journal of Gastroenterology', 'issn_l': '1007-9327', 'issn': ['1007-9327', '2219-2840'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315735', 'host_organization_name': 'Baishideng Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315735'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Baishideng Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4305694?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006814905', 'display_name': 'Ken Chen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8958-1088'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ken Chen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510224, Guangdong Province, China.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510224, Guangdong Province, China.', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5006814905'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.279, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 12, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.720329, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '11', 'issue': '10', 'first_page': '1508', 'last_page': '1508'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11591', 'display_name': 'NF-κB Signaling Pathways', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1306', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11591', 'display_name': 'NF-κB Signaling Pathways', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1306', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11503', 'display_name': 'Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10134', 'display_name': 'Inflammatory Bowel Disease', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate', 'display_name': 'Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate', 'score': 0.95857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde', 'display_name': 'Malondialdehyde', 'score': 0.5924688}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/submucosa', 'display_name': 'Submucosa', 'score': 0.4451908}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-elastase', 'display_name': 'Neutrophil elastase', 'score': 0.4379073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/enema', 'display_name': 'Enema', 'score': 0.43556318}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780983412', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7263769', 'display_name': 'Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.95857}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775862500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2453464', 'display_name': 'Colitis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7401916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203565725', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420012', 'display_name': 'Myeloperoxidase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7200623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778401633', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418661', 'display_name': 'Malondialdehyde', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5924688}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776914184', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991', 'display_name': 'Inflammation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57618177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5608465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779052585', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760245', 'display_name': 'Submucosa', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4451908}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780886150', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234', 'display_name': 'Edema', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43928784}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776317360', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14905648', 'display_name': 'Neutrophil elastase', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4379073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776530707', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194517', 'display_name': 'Enema', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43556318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4260921}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41605526}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153911025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202', 'display_name': 'Molecular biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39600477}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33447248}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3281412}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30948985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776151105', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814', 'display_name': 'Oxidative stress', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3091608}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777730290', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411114', 'display_name': 'NF-κB', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.29149884}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27172667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17423633}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000975', 'descriptor_name': 'Antioxidants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003092', 'descriptor_name': 'Colitis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003092', 'descriptor_name': 'Colitis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000473', 'qualifier_name': 'pathology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016328', 'descriptor_name': 'NF-kappa B', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011759', 'descriptor_name': 'Pyrrolidines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013859', 'descriptor_name': 'Thiocarbamates', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014302', 'descriptor_name': 'Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000975', 'descriptor_name': 'Antioxidants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003092', 'descriptor_name': 'Colitis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000139', 'qualifier_name': 'chemically induced', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003092', 'descriptor_name': 'Colitis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003092', 'descriptor_name': 'Colitis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016328', 'descriptor_name': 'NF-kappa B', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011759', 'descriptor_name': 'Pyrrolidines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017207', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013859', 'descriptor_name': 'Thiocarbamates', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v11.i10.1508', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S181459644', 'display_name': 'World Journal of Gastroenterology', 'issn_l': '1007-9327', 'issn': ['1007-9327', '2219-2840'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315735', 'host_organization_name': 'Baishideng Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315735'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Baishideng Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4305694', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4305694?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4305694', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15770728', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4305694', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4305694?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 30, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1523941392', 'https://openalex.org/W1583799593', 'https://openalex.org/W181820594', 'https://openalex.org/W1897551156', 'https://openalex.org/W1919832973', 'https://openalex.org/W1986242902', 'https://openalex.org/W1999855196', 'https://openalex.org/W2030262883', 'https://openalex.org/W2048125796', 'https://openalex.org/W2050310941', 'https://openalex.org/W2050777237', 'https://openalex.org/W2062875581', 'https://openalex.org/W2064711537', 'https://openalex.org/W2080173886', 'https://openalex.org/W2084708456', 'https://openalex.org/W2089747020', 'https://openalex.org/W2095940849', 'https://openalex.org/W210358448', 'https://openalex.org/W2114029992', 'https://openalex.org/W2125287098', 'https://openalex.org/W2131483303', 'https://openalex.org/W2147931681', 'https://openalex.org/W2152468499', 'https://openalex.org/W2162610091', 'https://openalex.org/W2165791015', 'https://openalex.org/W2167800649', 'https://openalex.org/W2411301702', 'https://openalex.org/W2417107906', 'https://openalex.org/W288706964', 'https://openalex.org/W4254679467'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4224095177', 'https://openalex.org/W3117805689', 'https://openalex.org/W3000668529', 'https://openalex.org/W2913374846', 'https://openalex.org/W2884942447', 'https://openalex.org/W2594636043', 'https://openalex.org/W2357492027', 'https://openalex.org/W2262078197', 'https://openalex.org/W2076026279', 'https://openalex.org/W1964493328'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'AIM:To': [0], 'explore': [1], 'the': [2, 11, 27, 55, 58, 140, 169, 178, 247, 257, 275, 280, 329, 338], 'changes': [3], 'of': [4, 13, 29, 41, 48, 57, 92, 103, 117, 152, 164, 177, 185, 206, 236, 259, 268, 277, 282, 325], 'nuclear': [5], 'factor-kappa': [6], 'B': [7], '(NF-\uf06bB)': [8], 'DNA-binding': [9, 94, 150], 'activity,': [10, 145], 'expression': [12, 321], 'intercellular': [14], 'adhesion': [15], 'molecule-1': [16], '(ICAM-1)': [17], 'regulated': [18], 'by': [19, 87, 97, 107, 263], 'NF-\uf06bB': [20, 93, 153, 207, 265, 293], 'at': [21, 71, 211, 220, 232, 243, 250, 279], 'various': [22, 115], 'times': [23], 'and': [24, 52, 77, 83, 89, 112, 139, 149, 175, 192, 197, 216, 239, 246, 305, 309], 'to': [25, 209, 312], 'evaluate': [26], 'effects': [28], 'pyrrolidine': [30], 'dithiocarbamate': [31], '(PDTC)': [32], 'on': [33], 'trinitrobenzene': [34], 'sulfonic': [35], 'acid': [36], '(TNBS)-induced': [37], 'rat': [38, 59, 61, 122], 'colitis.METHODS:': [39], 'TNBS': [40], '0.6': [42], 'mL': [43, 50], 'was': [44, 95, 105, 157, 162, 227, 249, 291], 'mixed': [45], 'with': [46, 128, 182, 253, 274], 'ethanol': [47], '0.3': [49], 'solution': [51], 'instilled': [53], 'into': [54, 65, 121], 'lumen': [56], 'colon.The': [60], 'models': [62], 'were': [63, 69, 85, 119, 133, 154, 166, 200], 'divided': [64], '6': [66], 'groups,': [67], 'which': [68], 'killed': [70, 134], '24': [72, 212, 244], 'h,': [73], '3,': [74], '7,': [75], '14,': [76], '21': [78, 233, 251], 'd': [79, 195, 234], 'after': [80, 137, 160, 289, 337], 'enema.Colonic': [81], 'inflammation': [82, 260, 269, 307, 316, 330], 'damage': [84], 'assessed': [86], 'macroscopical': [88], 'histological': [90], 'criteria.Activity': [91], 'analyzed': [96], 'electrophoresis': [98], 'mobility': [99], 'shift': [100], 'assays': [101], '(EMSA).Expression': [102], 'ICAM-1': [104, 237, 320], 'detected': [106], 'in': [108, 190, 303], 'situ': [109], 'hybridization': [110], '(ISH)': [111], 'immunohistochemistry': [113], '(IH).Then': [114], 'doses': [116], 'PDTC': [118, 156, 254, 326, 332], 'injected': [120, 158], 'abdomen': [123], '30': [124], 'min': [125], 'before': [126], 'enema': [127, 138], 'TNBS/ethanol': [129], 'as': [130], 'pretreatment.The': [131], 'rats': [132], '4': [135], 'h': [136, 213, 245], 'colonic': [141, 179, 323], 'inflammation,': [142], 'myeloperoxidase': [143], '(MPO)': [144], 'malondialdehyde': [146], '(MDA)': [147], 'level,': [148], 'activity': [151, 205], 'assessed.Finally,': [155], 'intraperitoneally': [159], 'colitis': [161, 290, 339], 'induced.Changes': [163], 'morphology': [165], 'assayed.': [167], 'RESULTS:During': [168], 'first': [170], 'week,': [171], 'hyperemia,': [172], 'hemorrhage,': [173], 'edema': [174], 'ulceration': [176], 'mucosa': [180, 191], 'appeared': [181], 'predominant': [183], 'infiltration': [184], 'leukocytes.Neutrophils,': [186], 'macrophages,': [187], 'lymphocytes': [188], 'infiltrated': [189], 'submucosa': [193], '14': [194, 221], 'later.Fibroblasts': [196], 'granuloma-like': [198], 'structures': [199], 'also': [201, 318], 'obviously': [202], 'seen.The': [203], 'binding': [204], 'began': [208], 'increase': [210], 'time': [214], 'point': [215], 'reached': [217], 'a': [218, 271], 'peak': [219, 248], 'd,': [222], 'then': [223], 'decreased': [224], 'but': [225, 261], 'still': [226], 'higher': [228], 'than': [229], 'control': [230], 'group': [231], '(P<0.01).Levels': [235], 'mRNA': [238], 'protein': [240], 'significantly': [241], 'elevated': [242], 'd.Pretreatment': [252], 'could': [255], 'attenuate': [256, 328], 'development': [258, 308], 'not': [262], 'reducing': [264], 'activity.This': [266], 'attenuation': [267], 'had': [270, 285], 'positive': [272], 'relationship': [273], 'dose': [276, 281], 'PDTC.PDTC': [278], '100': [283], 'mg/kg': [284], 'no': [286, 334], 'therapeutic': [287, 335], 'effect': [288, 336], 'induced.CONCLUSION:': [292], 'activation': [294], 'is': [295, 340], 'an': [296], 'important': [297], 'event': [298], 'that': [299], 'may': [300, 310, 327], 'be': [301], 'involved': [302], 'acute': [304], 'chronic': [306], 'contribute': [311], 'self-protection': [313], 'against': [314], 'early': [315], 'damage.NF-\uf06bB': [317], 'regulates': [319], 'during': [322], 'inflammation.Pretreatment': [324], 'development.But': [331], 'has': [333], 'induced.': [341]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025561950', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-18T01:30:35.892684', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}