Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2025431369', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'title': 'Effects of culling on badger abundance: implications for tuberculosis control', 'display_name': 'Effects of culling on badger abundance: implications for tuberculosis control', 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-07-04', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2025431369', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'mag': '2025431369'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S44571845', 'display_name': 'Journal of Zoology', 'issn_l': '0952-8369', 'issn': ['0952-8369', '1469-7998'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5070834734', 'display_name': 'Roșie Woodroffe', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-3133'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I84218800', 'display_name': 'University of California, Davis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05rrcem69', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'display_name': 'Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tnppw48', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'https://openalex.org/I2802373619']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R. Woodroffe', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA', 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I84218800']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062414462', 'display_name': 'Peter Gilks', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. Gilks', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001416071', 'display_name': 'W. Thomas Johnston', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-0966'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. T. Johnston', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111703240', 'display_name': 'Andrea M. Le Fevre', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966', 'display_name': 'London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00a0jsq62', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I4210089966']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. M. Le Fevre', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['*Current address: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.', 'Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': '*Current address: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210089966']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100763988', 'display_name': 'David Cox', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9487-3165'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'display_name': 'Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tnppw48', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'https://openalex.org/I2802373619']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. R. Cox', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'Nuffield College, Oxford, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nuffield College, Oxford, UK', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012533867', 'display_name': 'Christl A. Donnelly', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-2463'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'display_name': 'Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tnppw48', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'https://openalex.org/I2802373619']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. A. Donnelly', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK', 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113452639', 'display_name': 'F.J. Bourne', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'display_name': 'Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tnppw48', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'https://openalex.org/I2802373619']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. J. Bourne', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111651207', 'display_name': 'C. L. Cheeseman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. L. Cheeseman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5075795489', 'display_name': 'G. Gettinby', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'display_name': 'Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tnppw48', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'https://openalex.org/I2802373619']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I181647926', 'display_name': 'University of Strathclyde', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00n3w3b69', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181647926']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. Gettinby', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK', 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I181647926']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5113492346', 'display_name': 'John McInerney', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'display_name': 'Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tnppw48', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'https://openalex.org/I2802373619']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J. P. McInerney', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110861180', 'display_name': 'W. Ivan Morrison', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'display_name': 'Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00tnppw48', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253', 'https://openalex.org/I2802373619']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98677209', 'display_name': 'University of Edinburgh', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01nrxwf90', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. I. Morrison', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK', 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Independent Scientific Group on Cattle TB, c/o Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1326803253']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98677209']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4020, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4020, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.718, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 68, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.953469, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '274', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '28', 'last_page': '37'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10199', 'display_name': 'Wildlife Ecology and Conservation', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10199', 'display_name': 'Wildlife Ecology and Conservation', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11560', 'display_name': 'Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9957, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1102', 'display_name': 'Agronomy and Crop Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9924, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/meles', 'display_name': 'Meles', 'score': 0.98917234}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/culling', 'display_name': 'Culling', 'score': 0.96331215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/population-density', 'display_name': 'Population density', 'score': 0.5383903}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777146433', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638105', 'display_name': 'Badger', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9939577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780423500', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345042', 'display_name': 'Meles', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.98917234}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52991690', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740042', 'display_name': 'Culling', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.96331215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.60109514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5500622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199733313', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22856', 'display_name': 'Population density', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5383903}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45809776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77077793', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019', 'display_name': 'Abundance (ecology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44688293}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112964050', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459', 'display_name': 'Livestock', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42406118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61511704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857', 'display_name': 'Incidence (geometry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41852957}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29856426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C194775826', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209542', 'display_name': 'Herd', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.09739131}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S44571845', 'display_name': 'Journal of Zoology', 'issn_l': '0952-8369', 'issn': ['0952-8369', '1469-7998'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/15301/1/11._Woodroffeetal.JournalofZoology2008%28a%29.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/15301/1/11._Woodroffeetal.JournalofZoology2008%28a%29.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402226', 'display_name': 'Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I181647926', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Strathclyde', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I181647926'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Strathclyde'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00353.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S44571845', 'display_name': 'Journal of Zoology', 'issn_l': '0952-8369', 'issn': ['0952-8369', '1469-7998'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.58, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 27, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1274968931', 'https://openalex.org/W1502820646', 'https://openalex.org/W1551022046', 'https://openalex.org/W19451876', 'https://openalex.org/W2009769566', 'https://openalex.org/W2011197043', 'https://openalex.org/W2023583419', 'https://openalex.org/W2030341882', 'https://openalex.org/W2031832579', 'https://openalex.org/W2050812021', 'https://openalex.org/W2066538015', 'https://openalex.org/W2080190419', 'https://openalex.org/W2081980924', 'https://openalex.org/W2082874431', 'https://openalex.org/W2087753856', 'https://openalex.org/W2091605221', 'https://openalex.org/W2092672007', 'https://openalex.org/W2099340144', 'https://openalex.org/W2107974664', 'https://openalex.org/W2109550560', 'https://openalex.org/W2112305438', 'https://openalex.org/W2115520622', 'https://openalex.org/W2121822753', 'https://openalex.org/W2133101271', 'https://openalex.org/W2148456340', 'https://openalex.org/W2399059901', 'https://openalex.org/W2768863418'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2979973876', 'https://openalex.org/W2558530093', 'https://openalex.org/W2146537663', 'https://openalex.org/W2133101271', 'https://openalex.org/W2115520622', 'https://openalex.org/W2083873220', 'https://openalex.org/W2041888157', 'https://openalex.org/W2025431369', 'https://openalex.org/W1994613131', 'https://openalex.org/W19451876'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Culling': [1, 19], 'is': [2, 54, 65, 250], 'often': [3], 'considered': [4], 'as': [5], 'a': [6, 134, 143, 153, 168, 204, 210, 218], 'tool': [7], 'for': [8, 51], 'controlling': [9], 'wildlife': [10], 'diseases': [11], 'that': [12, 120, 238, 261], 'can': [13, 24], 'also': [14], 'infect': [15], 'people': [16], 'or': [17], 'livestock.': [18], 'European': [20], 'badgers': [21, 114], 'Meles': [22], 'meles': [23], 'cause': [25], 'both': [26, 121], 'positive': [27], 'and': [28, 73, 103, 152, 173, 193, 217, 245], 'negative': [29], 'effects': [30], 'on': [31, 116], 'the': [32, 45, 55, 88, 111, 138, 147, 157, 222, 230, 239, 271, 279], 'incidence': [33, 189, 195, 231], 'of': [34, 47, 83, 91, 100, 113, 124, 140, 149, 159, 224, 232, 273, 281], 'bovine': [35], 'tuberculosis': [36], '(TB)': [37], 'in': [38, 57, 96, 137, 146, 156, 186, 190, 196, 207, 213, 221, 258, 284], 'cattle.': [39], 'One': [40], 'factor': [41], 'likely': [42], 'to': [43, 67, 77, 86, 248, 276, 278], 'influence': [44, 262], 'outcome': [46], 'different': [48], 'badger‐culling': [49], 'strategies': [50, 94], 'cattle': [52, 187, 233, 249, 282], 'TB': [53, 188, 246, 283], 'reduction': [56, 64, 136, 145, 155, 164, 206, 212, 220, 244], 'badger': [58, 84, 101, 126, 141, 242, 259, 274], 'population': [59, 89, 163, 243], 'density': [60, 139, 148, 158, 216, 223], 'achieved.': [61], 'However,': [62, 179], 'this': [63, 180], 'difficult': [66, 76], 'measure': [68, 87], 'because': [69, 254], 'badgers,': [70, 226], 'being': [71], 'nocturnal': [72], 'fossorial,': [74], 'are': [75], 'count.': [78], 'Here,': [79], 'we': [80], 'use': [81], 'indices': [82, 123], 'abundance': [85], 'impacts': [90], 'two': [92], 'culling': [93, 107, 130, 202, 255, 275], 'tested': [95], 'Britain.': [97, 285], 'The': [98], 'densities': [99, 112], 'setts': [102], 'latrines': [104], 'recorded': [105], 'before': [106], 'were': [108, 122], 'correlated': [109], 'with': [110, 133], 'captured': [115], 'initial': [117], 'culls,': [118], 'suggesting': [119], 'actual': [125], 'abundance.': [127], 'Widespread': [128], '‘proactive’': [129], 'was': [131, 165], 'associated': [132], '73%': [135, 154], 'latrines,': [142], '69%': [144], 'active': [150, 214], 'burrows': [151], 'road‐killed': [160, 225], 'badgers.': [161], 'This': [162], 'achieved': [166], 'by': [167], 'coordinated': [169], 'effort': [170], 'entailing': [171], 'widespread': [172], 'repeated': [174], 'trapping': [175], 'over': [176], 'several': [177], 'years.': [178], 'strategy': [181], 'caused': [182, 203], 'only': [183], 'modest': [184], 'reductions': [185], 'culled': [191], 'areas': [192], 'elevated': [194], 'neighbouring': [197], 'unculled': [198], 'areas.': [199], 'Localized': [200], '‘reactive’': [201], '26%': [205], 'latrine': [208], 'density,': [209], '32%': [211], 'burrow': [215], '10%': [219], 'but': [227], 'apparently': [228], 'increased': [229], 'TB.': [234], 'These': [235, 265], 'results': [236], 'indicate': [237], 'relationship': [240], 'between': [241], 'transmission': [247, 263], 'strongly': [251], 'non‐linear,': [252], 'probably': [253], 'prompts': [256], 'changes': [257], 'behaviour': [260], 'rates.': [264], 'findings': [266], 'raise': [267], 'serious': [268], 'questions': [269], 'about': [270], 'capacity': [272], 'contribute': [277], 'control': [280]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025431369', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 8}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-17T07:16:42.501410', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}