Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2025186582', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1130/g30096a.1', 'title': 'Chemical constitution of a Permian-Triassic disaster species', 'display_name': 'Chemical constitution of a Permian-Triassic disaster species', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2025186582', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1130/g30096a.1', 'mag': '2025186582'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1130/g30096a.1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S56162041', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'issn_l': '0091-7613', 'issn': ['0091-7613', '1943-2682'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319845', 'host_organization_name': 'Geological Society of America', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319845'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Geological Society of America'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043522195', 'display_name': 'Mark A. Sephton', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-5402'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47508984', 'display_name': 'Imperial College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041kmwe10', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mark A. Sephton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47508984']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018003523', 'display_name': 'Henk Visscher', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9276-0220'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I193662353', 'display_name': 'Utrecht University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04pp8hn57', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I193662353']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Henk Visscher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I193662353']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051802386', 'display_name': 'Cindy V. Looy', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-4916'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I95457486', 'display_name': 'University of California, Berkeley', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an7q238', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cindy V. Looy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046152769', 'display_name': 'A. B. Verchovsky', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-5003'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204136569', 'display_name': 'The Open University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mzfcs16', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204136569']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alexander B. Verchovsky', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204136569']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055236764', 'display_name': 'Jonathan S. Watson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-1729'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204136569', 'display_name': 'The Open University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mzfcs16', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204136569']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jonathan S. Watson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204136569']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.838, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 28, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.773214, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '37', 'issue': '10', 'first_page': '875', 'last_page': '878'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10109', 'display_name': 'Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1911', 'display_name': 'Paleontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10109', 'display_name': 'Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1911', 'display_name': 'Paleontology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11791', 'display_name': 'Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/watson', 'display_name': 'Watson', 'score': 0.796975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/icon', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'score': 0.532348}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/geologist', 'display_name': 'Geologist', 'score': 0.43541616}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776608531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12253', 'display_name': 'Watson', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.796975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778805511', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713', 'display_name': 'Citation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68447125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778447006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.532348}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776154427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755', 'display_name': 'Constitution', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47469872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83365034', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76402', 'display_name': 'Permian', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4386645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43677264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779483780', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520549', 'display_name': 'Geologist', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43541616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40667444}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32349575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3057188}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.287305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19761589}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14282584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13928041}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13229072}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109007969', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565', 'display_name': 'Structural basin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1130/g30096a.1', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S56162041', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'issn_l': '0091-7613', 'issn': ['0091-7613', '1943-2682'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319845', 'host_organization_name': 'Geological Society of America', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319845'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Geological Society of America'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.46, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'display_name': 'Climate action'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1530793376', 'https://openalex.org/W1536020774', 'https://openalex.org/W1968868745', 'https://openalex.org/W1975762453', 'https://openalex.org/W1989827032', 'https://openalex.org/W1992769943', 'https://openalex.org/W2002156519', 'https://openalex.org/W2011451181', 'https://openalex.org/W2015361086', 'https://openalex.org/W2038313644', 'https://openalex.org/W2042992518', 'https://openalex.org/W2048263251', 'https://openalex.org/W2053062539', 'https://openalex.org/W2055105606', 'https://openalex.org/W2062216884', 'https://openalex.org/W2062553657', 'https://openalex.org/W2075990547', 'https://openalex.org/W2088463707', 'https://openalex.org/W2093349349', 'https://openalex.org/W2123589945', 'https://openalex.org/W2126314656', 'https://openalex.org/W2147834557', 'https://openalex.org/W2149028046', 'https://openalex.org/W2156114045', 'https://openalex.org/W2164184747', 'https://openalex.org/W2170519544', 'https://openalex.org/W2316527378', 'https://openalex.org/W2335586801', 'https://openalex.org/W2461192189', 'https://openalex.org/W2788077395', 'https://openalex.org/W4233325167', 'https://openalex.org/W4235576019', 'https://openalex.org/W4240924783', 'https://openalex.org/W4243680864'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4360922125', 'https://openalex.org/W4206682884', 'https://openalex.org/W3175319091', 'https://openalex.org/W3174693904', 'https://openalex.org/W2902037120', 'https://openalex.org/W2313409890', 'https://openalex.org/W2244083478', 'https://openalex.org/W2175435306', 'https://openalex.org/W2151363515', 'https://openalex.org/W2056060060'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Research': [0, 21, 123, 153], 'Article|': [1], 'October': [2], '01,': [3], '2009': [4, 184, 188], 'Chemical': [5, 231], 'constitution': [6, 232], 'of': [7, 24, 55, 59, 64, 92, 96, 233, 282, 288, 294, 304, 358, 377, 383, 403], 'a': [8, 234, 372, 381], 'Permian-Triassic': [9, 235], 'disaster': [10, 236, 306], 'species': [11, 307], 'Mark': [12, 15, 217], 'A.': [13, 16, 218], 'Sephton;': [14], 'Sephton': [17], '1Impacts': [18], 'and': [19, 27, 66, 120, 150, 313, 363, 366], 'Astromaterials': [20], 'Centre,': [22], 'Department': [23], 'Earth': [25], 'Science': [26], 'Engineering,': [28], 'South': [29], 'Kensington': [30], 'Campus,': [31], 'Imperial': [32], 'College,': [33], 'London': [34], 'SW7': [35], '2AZ,': [36], 'UK': [37, 131, 161], 'Search': [38, 74, 102, 132, 162, 214, 260, 267, 277, 279], 'for': [39, 75, 103, 133, 163], 'other': [40, 76, 104, 134, 164], 'works': [41, 77, 105, 135, 165], 'by': [42, 78, 106, 136, 166, 400], 'this': [43, 79, 107, 137, 167, 305, 378, 413], 'author': [44, 80, 108, 138, 168], 'on:': [45, 81, 109, 139, 169], 'GSW': [46, 82, 110, 140, 170], 'Google': [47, 83, 111, 141, 171], 'Scholar': [48, 84, 112, 142, 172], 'Henk': [49, 51, 220], 'Visscher;': [50], 'Visscher': [52], '2Palaeoecology,': [53], 'Institute': [54], 'Environmental': [56], 'Biology,': [57, 94], 'Faculty': [58], 'Science,': [60], 'Utrecht': [61], 'University,': [62, 126, 156], 'Laboratory': [63], 'Palaeobotany': [65], 'Palynology,': [67], 'Budapestlaan': [68], '4,': [69], '3584': [70], 'CD': [71], 'Utrecht,': [72], 'Netherlands': [73], 'Cindy': [85, 88, 222], 'V.': [86, 89, 223], 'Looy;': [87], 'Looy': [90], '3Department': [91], 'Integrative': [93], 'University': [95], 'California–Berkeley,': [97], 'Berkeley,': [98], 'California': [99], '94720,': [100], 'USA': [101], 'Alexander': [113, 116, 225], 'B.': [114, 117, 226], 'Verchovsky;': [115], 'Verchovsky': [118], '4Planetary': [119, 149], 'Space': [121, 151], 'Sciences': [122, 152], 'Institute,': [124, 154], 'Open': [125, 155], 'Milton': [127, 157], 'Keynes': [128, 158], 'MK7': [129, 159], '6AA,': [130, 160], 'Jonathan': [143, 146, 228], 'S.': [144, 147, 229], 'Watson': [145, 148], 'Geology': [173, 238], '(2009)': [174], '37': [175, 240], '(10):': [176, 241], '875–878.': [177, 242], 'https://doi.org/10.1130/G30096A.1': [178, 244], 'Article': [179], 'history': [180], 'received:': [181], '02': [182], 'Feb': [183], 'accepted:': [185], '05': [186], 'May': [187], 'first': [189], 'online:': [190], '03': [191], 'Mar': [192], '2017': [193], 'Cite': [194], 'View': [195], 'This': [196], 'Citation': [197, 200, 216], 'Add': [198], 'to': [199, 321, 335, 347, 353, 412, 417], 'Manager': [201], 'Share': [202, 204], 'Icon': [203, 210], 'Facebook': [205], 'Twitter': [206], 'LinkedIn': [207], 'MailTo': [208], 'Tools': [209, 211], 'Get': [212], 'Permissions': [213], 'Site': [215], 'Sephton,': [219], 'Visscher,': [221], 'Looy,': [224], 'Verchovsky,': [227], 'Watson;': [230], 'species.': [237], '2009;;': [239], 'doi:': [243], 'Download': [245], 'citation': [246], 'file:': [247], 'Ris': [248], '(Zotero)': [249], 'Refmanager': [250], 'EasyBib': [251], 'Bookends': [252], 'Mendeley': [253], 'Papers': [254], 'EndNote': [255], 'RefWorks': [256], 'BibTex': [257], 'toolbar': [258, 263], 'search': [259, 264, 265, 273], 'Dropdown': [261], 'Menu': [262], 'input': [266, 268], 'auto': [269], 'suggest': [270, 336], 'filter': [271], 'your': [272, 418], 'All': [274], 'ContentBy': [275], 'SocietyGeology': [276], 'Advanced': [278], 'Abstract': [280], 'One': [281], 'the': [283, 292, 295, 298, 310, 355], 'most': [284], 'controversial': [285], 'biological': [286], 'proxies': [287], 'environmental': [289], 'crisis': [290], 'at': [291], 'close': [293], 'Permian': [296], 'is': [297], 'organic': [299, 405], 'microfossil': [300, 379], 'Reduviasporonites.': [301, 359], 'The': [302, 375], 'proliferation': [303], 'coincides': [308], 'with': [309, 371], 'mass': [311], 'extinction': [312], 'numerous': [314], 'geochemical': [315, 330, 356], 'disturbances.': [316], 'Originally': [317], 'Reduviasporonites': [318], 'was': [319], 'assigned': [320], 'fungi,': [322], 'opportunistically': [323], 'exploiting': [324], 'dying': [325], 'end-Permian': [326], 'forests,': [327], 'but': [328], 'subsequent': [329], 'data': [331], 'have': [332, 341, 397, 410, 426], 'been': [333, 398], 'used': [334, 342], 'an': [337], 'algal': [338], 'origin.': [339, 374], 'We': [340], 'high-sensitivity': [343], 'equipment,': [344], 'partly': [345], 'designed': [346], 'detect': [348], 'interstellar': [349], 'grains': [350], 'in': [351], 'meteorites,': [352], 'reexamine': [354], 'signature': [357], 'Organic': [360], 'chemistry,': [361], 'carbon': [362], 'nitrogen': [364], 'isotopes,': [365], 'carbon/nitrogen': [367], 'ratios': [368], 'are': [369], 'consistent': [370], 'fungal': [373], 'use': [376], 'as': [380], 'marker': [382], 'terrestrial': [384], 'ecosystem': [385], 'collapse': [386], 'should': [387, 425], 'not': [388, 409], 'be': [389], 'merely': [390], 'discounted.': [391], 'Unequivocally': [392], 'diagnostic': [393], 'data,': [394], 'however,': [395], 'may': [396], 'precluded': [399], 'post-burial': [401], 'replacement': [402], 'its': [404], 'constituents.': [406], 'You': [407], 'do': [408], 'access': [411], 'content,': [414], 'please': [415], 'speak': [416], 'institutional': [419], 'administrator': [420], 'if': [421], 'you': [422, 424], 'feel': [423], 'access.': [427]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025186582', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T17:33:12.561860', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}