Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2024707548', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/b923299k', 'title': 'Effects of temperature, acyl chain length, and flow-rate ratio on liposome formation and size in a microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing device', 'display_name': 'Effects of temperature, acyl chain length, and flow-rate ratio on liposome formation and size in a microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing device', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2024707548', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/b923299k', 'mag': '2024707548'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/b923299k', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S6377669', 'display_name': 'Soft Matter', 'issn_l': '1744-683X', 'issn': ['1744-683X', '1744-6848'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320556', 'host_organization_name': 'Royal Society of Chemistry', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320556'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Royal Society of Chemistry'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058903767', 'display_name': 'Justin M. Zook', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2309-8402'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xpvk416', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Justin M. Zook', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8313,Gaithersburg,USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8313,Gaithersburg,USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084767972', 'display_name': 'Wyatt N. Vreeland', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-8403'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'display_name': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xpvk416', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531', 'https://openalex.org/I1343035065']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wyatt N. Vreeland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8313,Gaithersburg,USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8313,Gaithersburg,USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321296531']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.887, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 151, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99997, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '1352', 'last_page': '1352'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11407', 'display_name': 'Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11407', 'display_name': 'Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10407', 'display_name': 'Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11486', 'display_name': 'Micro and Nano Robotics', 'score': 0.9984, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3104', 'display_name': 'Condensed Matter Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/elasticity', 'display_name': 'Elasticity', 'score': 0.574826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-bilayer-mechanics', 'display_name': 'Lipid bilayer mechanics', 'score': 0.4952065}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185154212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410454', 'display_name': 'Liposome', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8563352}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121854251', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932', 'display_name': 'Elasticity (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.574826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8892853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749', 'display_name': 'Surface tension', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56487215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8673954', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845', 'display_name': 'Microfluidics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52912915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192157962', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243', 'display_name': 'Bilayer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52861303}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50339407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5010991}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C85145957', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12246850', 'display_name': 'Lipid bilayer mechanics', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.4952065}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39944091', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423279', 'display_name': 'Lipid bilayer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46568576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41862637}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159467904', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702', 'display_name': 'Chemical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3508763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30080938}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3002168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76564549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154515', 'display_name': 'Lipid bilayer phase behavior', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.23639038}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1917172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1039/b923299k', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S6377669', 'display_name': 'Soft Matter', 'issn_l': '1744-683X', 'issn': ['1744-683X', '1744-6848'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320556', 'host_organization_name': 'Royal Society of Chemistry', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320556'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Royal Society of Chemistry'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.61, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 22, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1914667950', 'https://openalex.org/W1971862099', 'https://openalex.org/W1981233250', 'https://openalex.org/W1982093683', 'https://openalex.org/W2009858479', 'https://openalex.org/W2033927420', 'https://openalex.org/W2040562404', 'https://openalex.org/W2040607876', 'https://openalex.org/W2043544498', 'https://openalex.org/W2063676372', 'https://openalex.org/W2064966167', 'https://openalex.org/W2072667197', 'https://openalex.org/W2084093170', 'https://openalex.org/W2095373439', 'https://openalex.org/W2112073512', 'https://openalex.org/W2132271238', 'https://openalex.org/W2152341986', 'https://openalex.org/W2165555463', 'https://openalex.org/W2230370122', 'https://openalex.org/W2330147581', 'https://openalex.org/W4245089539', 'https://openalex.org/W4252185690'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3173312807', 'https://openalex.org/W2408013179', 'https://openalex.org/W2346848543', 'https://openalex.org/W2335958047', 'https://openalex.org/W2085545196', 'https://openalex.org/W2019360782', 'https://openalex.org/W2000861222', 'https://openalex.org/W1973685362', 'https://openalex.org/W1925952010', 'https://openalex.org/W1577382502'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Microfluidic': [0], 'hydrodynamic': [1], 'focusing': [2], 'of': [3, 23, 55, 67, 101, 128, 138, 142, 164, 172, 189, 195, 220, 266, 362, 367, 397], 'an': [4, 99], 'alcohol–lipid': [5], 'mixture': [6], 'into': [7, 90], 'a': [8, 18, 62, 157, 187, 262], 'narrow': [9], 'fluid': [10], 'stream': [11], 'by': [12, 47, 286, 374], 'two': [13], 'oblique': [14], 'buffer': [15], 'streams': [16], 'provides': [17], 'controlled': [19, 46], 'and': [20, 33, 51, 212, 259, 293, 316, 353], 'reproducible': [21], 'method': [22, 73, 159], 'forming': [24], 'phospholipid': [25], 'bilayer': [26, 80, 145, 369], 'vesicles': [27], '(i.e.,': [28], 'liposomes)': [29], 'with': [30, 149, 233, 326], 'relatively': [31, 281], 'monodisperse': [32], 'specific': [34], 'size': [35, 43, 184, 224, 267, 394, 402], 'ranges.': [36], 'Previous': [37], 'work': [38, 209], 'has': [39], 'established': [40], 'that': [41, 98, 117, 177, 217, 332, 345], 'liposome': [42, 71, 108, 119, 183, 304, 318, 377, 393], 'can': [44, 105, 371], 'be': [45, 122, 372], 'changing': [48, 406], 'the': [49, 56, 68, 102, 118, 126, 129, 135, 139, 143, 162, 165, 169, 178, 182, 193, 196, 202, 218, 245, 252, 272, 276, 287, 312, 317, 346, 355, 360, 365, 368, 376, 391, 399], 'relative': [50], 'absolute': [52], 'flow': [53], 'rates': [54], 'fluids.': [57], 'In': [58, 93, 147, 231, 358], 'other': [59], 'previous': [60, 208], 'work,': [61, 95], 'kinetic': [63, 103], '(non-equilibrium)': [64], 'theoretical': [65], 'description': [66], 'detergent': [69], 'dilution': [70], 'formation': [72, 109], 'was': [74, 225], 'developed,': [75], 'in': [76, 205, 401], 'which': [77, 215], 'planar': [78], 'lipid': [79, 144, 313], 'discs': [81, 370], 'aggregate': [82], 'until': [83], 'they': [84, 260, 307], 'become': [85], 'sufficiently': [86], 'large': [87], 'to': [88, 125, 134, 160, 168, 201, 207, 228, 242, 297, 341, 388, 405], 'close': [89, 241], 'spherical': [91], 'liposomes.': [92], 'this': [94, 154], 'we': [96], 'show': [97], 'approximation': [100, 115], 'theory': [104, 155, 175], 'help': [106], 'explain': [107], 'for': [110], 'our': [111], 'microfluidic': [112, 152], 'method.': [113], 'This': [114], 'predicts': [116, 176], 'radius': [120], 'should': [121, 180], 'approximately': [123], 'proportional': [124], 'ratio': [127, 163, 194], 'membrane': [130, 197, 236, 253, 277], 'bending': [131, 198], 'elasticity': [132, 166, 199, 254, 278], 'modulus': [133, 167, 200, 255, 279], 'line': [136, 170, 203], 'tension': [137, 171], 'hydrophobic': [140, 328], 'edges': [141, 366], 'disc.': [146], 'combination': [148], 'very': [150], 'fast': [151], 'mixing,': [153], 'enables': [156], 'new': [158], 'measure': [161], 'membranes.': [173], 'The': [174], 'temperature': [179, 221, 269, 288, 347, 407], 'change': [181, 400], 'primarily': [185, 226], 'as': [186, 390], 'result': [188], 'its': [190], 'effect': [191, 219, 302, 361], 'on': [192, 210, 222, 268, 303, 311], 'tension,': [204], 'contrast': [206], 'microdroplet': [211], 'microbubble': [213], 'formation,': [214], 'showed': [216], 'droplet/bubble': [223], 'due': [227, 404], 'viscosity': [229], 'changes.': [230], 'agreement': [232], 'theory,': [234], 'most': [235], 'compositions': [237], 'form': [238], 'larger': [239], 'liposomes': [240], 'or': [243, 300, 408], 'below': [244], 'gel-to-liquid': [246], 'crystalline': [247], 'phase': [248, 334], 'transition': [249, 273, 335, 356], 'temperature,': [250, 274], 'where': [251, 275], 'is': [256, 280, 349, 386, 403], 'much': [257, 263], 'larger,': [258], 'have': [261, 298, 308, 333], 'smaller': [264], 'dependence': [265, 348], 'far': [270], 'above': [271], 'constant.': [282], 'Other': [283], 'parameters': [284], 'modulated': [285], '(e.g.,': [289], 'viscosity,': [290], 'free': [291], 'energy,': [292], 'diffusion': [294], 'coefficients)': [295], 'appear': [296], 'little': [299], 'no': [301], 'size,': [305], 'because': [306], 'counteracting': [309], 'effects': [310], 'aggregation': [314], 'rate': [315], 'closure': [319], 'time.': [320], 'Experiments': [321], 'are': [322], 'performed': [323], 'using': [324], 'phospholipids': [325], 'varying': [327], 'acyl': [329], 'chain': [330], 'lengths': [331], 'temperatures': [336], 'ranging': [337], 'from': [338], '−1': [339], '°C': [340], '55': [342], '°C,': [343], 'so': [344], 'examined': [350, 373], 'below,': [351], 'above,': [352], 'around': [354], 'temperature.': [357], 'addition,': [359], 'IPA': [363], 'stabilizing': [364], 'comparing': [375], 'sizes': [378], 'obtained': [379], 'at': [380], 'different': [381], 'flow-rate': [382, 409], 'ratios.': [383], 'Finally,': [384], 'polydispersity': [385], 'shown': [387], 'increase': [389], 'median': [392], 'increases,': [395], 'regardless': [396], 'whether': [398], 'ratio.': [410]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024707548', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T23:17:36.689089', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}