Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2023732393', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'title': 'Is the Perigord black truffle threatened by an invasive species? We dreaded it and it has happened!', 'display_name': 'Is the Perigord black truffle threatened by an invasive species? We dreaded it and it has happened!', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-04-03', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2023732393', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'mag': '2023732393', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18393950'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58631098', 'display_name': 'New Phytologist', 'issn_l': '0028-646X', 'issn': ['0028-646X', '1469-8137'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'letter', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017869163', 'display_name': 'Claude Murat', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-7307'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Claude Murat', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['email [email protected])', 'fax +39 011 670 59 62'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'email [email protected])', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'fax +39 011 670 59 62', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018060781', 'display_name': 'Elisa Zampieri', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-1747'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Elisa Zampieri', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['email [email protected])', 'fax +39 011 670 59 62'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'fax +39 011 670 59 62', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'email [email protected])', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008114564', 'display_name': 'Alfredo Vizzini', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-6446'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Alfredo Vizzini', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['email [email protected])', 'fax +39 011 670 59 62'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'email [email protected])', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'fax +39 011 670 59 62', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057407298', 'display_name': 'Paola Bonfante', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3576-8530'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Paola Bonfante', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['email [email protected])', 'fax +39 011 670 59 62'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'email [email protected])', 'institution_ids': []}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'fax +39 011 670 59 62', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5017869163', 'https://openalex.org/A5018060781', 'https://openalex.org/A5008114564', 'https://openalex.org/A5057407298'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 5510, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5510, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 72, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.857143, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '178', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '699', 'last_page': '702'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11691', 'display_name': 'Forest Insect Ecology and Management', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11691', 'display_name': 'Forest Insect Ecology and Management', 'score': 0.9982, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2303', 'display_name': 'Ecology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10487', 'display_name': 'Plant and animal studies', 'score': 0.9968, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12713', 'display_name': 'Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies', 'score': 0.9954, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1109', 'display_name': 'Insect Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/truffle', 'display_name': 'Truffle', 'score': 0.61174875}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24518262', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023', 'display_name': 'Threatened species', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9187423}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775844422', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2690965', 'display_name': 'Truffle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61174875}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.477439}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136020623', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183368', 'display_name': 'Invasive species', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4140092}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.410874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.29925156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185933670', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105', 'display_name': 'Habitat', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11464402}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001203', 'descriptor_name': 'Ascomycota', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001203', 'descriptor_name': 'Ascomycota', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001203', 'descriptor_name': 'Ascomycota', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002681', 'descriptor_name': 'China', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014644', 'descriptor_name': 'Genetic Variation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007558', 'descriptor_name': 'Italy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010802', 'descriptor_name': 'Phylogeny', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58631098', 'display_name': 'New Phytologist', 'issn_l': '0028-646X', 'issn': ['0028-646X', '1469-8137'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18393950', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02449.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S58631098', 'display_name': 'New Phytologist', 'issn_l': '0028-646X', 'issn': ['0028-646X', '1469-8137'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 33, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W140686827', 'https://openalex.org/W1645855923', 'https://openalex.org/W1972755605', 'https://openalex.org/W1976058251', 'https://openalex.org/W2002075480', 'https://openalex.org/W2004005563', 'https://openalex.org/W2018317120', 'https://openalex.org/W2019970003', 'https://openalex.org/W20289806', 'https://openalex.org/W2028982506', 'https://openalex.org/W2042174613', 'https://openalex.org/W2059077481', 'https://openalex.org/W2060935835', 'https://openalex.org/W2068682613', 'https://openalex.org/W2081708295', 'https://openalex.org/W2093597831', 'https://openalex.org/W2102255119', 'https://openalex.org/W2111662971', 'https://openalex.org/W2120644786', 'https://openalex.org/W2121887691', 'https://openalex.org/W2122540758', 'https://openalex.org/W2125121305', 'https://openalex.org/W2129088859', 'https://openalex.org/W2130889389', 'https://openalex.org/W2138665252', 'https://openalex.org/W2150418360', 'https://openalex.org/W2163421803', 'https://openalex.org/W2167319640', 'https://openalex.org/W2188191104', 'https://openalex.org/W2243872207', 'https://openalex.org/W2273172170', 'https://openalex.org/W4328002124', 'https://openalex.org/W638939784'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4391375266', 'https://openalex.org/W4381033700', 'https://openalex.org/W3179383678', 'https://openalex.org/W3027910838', 'https://openalex.org/W2396181967', 'https://openalex.org/W2263596219', 'https://openalex.org/W2247346588', 'https://openalex.org/W2072190806', 'https://openalex.org/W1996331440', 'https://openalex.org/W152585748'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Invasive': [0], 'alien': [1, 50, 719, 1521, 2133], 'species': [2, 4, 27, 51, 186, 319, 459, 548, 615, 647, 924, 974, 1354, 1509, 1522, 1582, 2066, 2134, 2240], 'are': [3, 42, 251, 413, 856, 925, 1076, 1081, 1225, 1552, 1625, 1672, 2050, 2159], 'introduced': [5, 294, 423, 1281], 'deliberately': [6], 'or': [7, 159, 717, 813, 2171], 'unintentionally': [8], 'to': [9, 193, 339, 392, 417, 447, 556, 582, 909, 984, 1183, 1270, 1291, 1350, 1385, 1474, 1500, 1554, 1584, 1622, 1632, 1650, 1701, 1734, 1819, 1883, 1908, 1951, 2068, 2074, 2100, 2124, 2127, 2138, 2208, 2228, 2326], 'areas': [10], 'outside': [11], 'their': [12, 136, 2054, 2201, 2282], 'natural': [13, 483, 970], 'habitats.': [14], 'They': [15], 'can': [16, 1099, 1117, 1510, 1544, 2168], 'cause': [17], 'a': [18, 80, 102, 229, 323, 330, 403, 542, 594, 804, 948, 955, 1003, 1248, 1251, 1368, 1457, 1518, 1527, 1675, 1752, 1915, 2044, 2191, 2210, 2247], 'significant': [19], 'irreversible': [20], 'environmental': [21], 'and': [22, 28, 31, 74, 93, 110, 128, 130, 133, 135, 238, 256, 272, 287, 302, 320, 356, 386, 479, 487, 499, 502, 514, 561, 566, 573, 613, 633, 635, 654, 669, 680, 700, 726, 793, 827, 875, 928, 954, 1079, 1113, 1155, 1163, 1194, 1283, 1317, 1325, 1357, 1380, 1389, 1402, 1424, 1429, 1449, 1506, 1601, 1629, 1653, 1661, 1696, 1729, 1774, 1785, 1801, 1857, 1863, 1935, 1940, 1988, 2053, 2137, 2157, 2185, 2203, 2277, 2289, 2319], 'socio-economic': [23], 'impact': [24, 370, 395], 'at': [25, 55, 1779], 'genetic,': [26], 'ecosystem': [29], 'levels,': [30], 'as': [32, 59, 248, 276, 329, 810, 1002, 1030, 1064, 1094, 1674, 1984, 2130, 2220, 2242], 'claimed': [33, 729, 1065], 'by': [34, 179, 443, 661, 846, 1066, 1258, 1639, 1704, 1751, 1919, 1967, 2262, 2304], 'Moore': [35], '(2000),': [36], "'throughout": [37], 'the': [38, 60, 86, 117, 153, 200, 253, 333, 376, 393, 419, 426, 435, 458, 464, 489, 510, 524, 531, 550, 557, 571, 574, 577, 588, 599, 652, 657, 670, 722, 753, 777, 788, 835, 842, 850, 854, 861, 870, 877, 881, 897, 902, 910, 989, 996, 1041, 1046, 1058, 1061, 1090, 1106, 1127, 1197, 1212, 1262, 1271, 1279, 1307, 1329, 1335, 1344, 1377, 1421, 1432, 1443, 1460, 1470, 1476, 1491, 1536, 1585, 1602, 1633, 1646, 1656, 1679, 1714, 1723, 1736, 1741, 1756, 1790, 1825, 1832, 1840, 1849, 1880, 1886, 1948, 1954, 1963, 2005, 2012, 2027, 2034, 2038, 2095, 2104, 2113, 2162, 2217, 2231, 2285, 2298, 2307], 'world,': [39], 'exotic': [40], 'aliens': [41], 'wreaking': [43], "havoc'.": [44], 'The': [45, 143, 166, 196, 312, 369, 538, 643, 893, 969, 1236, 1339, 1392, 1414, 1486, 1596, 1682, 1822, 1843, 1897, 1924, 1972], 'control': [46, 2101, 2170], 'of': [47, 88, 101, 104, 107, 119, 147, 155, 168, 199, 203, 258, 315, 332, 335, 371, 396, 422, 437, 457, 519, 549, 576, 607, 645, 656, 672, 688, 696, 776, 787, 844, 860, 879, 896, 951, 972, 1005, 1040, 1045, 1060, 1105, 1108, 1129, 1171, 1215, 1239, 1309, 1459, 1464, 1484, 1578, 1598, 1645, 1738, 1759, 1794, 1879, 1947, 1974, 2004, 2015, 2026, 2037, 2040, 2061, 2084, 2106, 2115, 2121, 2164, 2233, 2310], 'these': [48, 173, 373, 1121, 1482, 2009, 2019], 'invasive': [49, 169, 718, 1520, 2132], 'has': [52, 69, 389, 504, 528, 763, 803, 947, 959, 1053, 1497, 1716, 1991, 2246], 'been': [53, 211, 225, 284, 390, 506, 617, 765, 961, 1054, 1498, 1992], 'discussed': [54], 'international': [56], 'conventions,': [57], 'such': [58, 275, 809, 1983, 2219, 2241], 'Bern': [61], 'convention': [62], 'in': [63, 172, 434, 474, 496, 508, 517, 585, 619, 629, 638, 746, 834, 963, 981, 1019, 1033, 1051, 1111, 1120, 1124, 1191, 1218, 1250, 1254, 1268, 1286, 1328, 1398, 1407, 1431, 1504, 1512, 1523, 1539, 1547, 1549, 1556, 1663, 1678, 1709, 1722, 1740, 1865, 1885, 1953, 1977, 2048, 2088, 2135, 2142, 2154, 2175, 2200, 2284], '1979.': [64], 'Research': [65, 2311], 'on': [66, 72, 116, 375, 649, 709, 869, 1343, 2297], 'biological': [67], 'introductions': [68, 374], 'primarily': [70], 'focused': [71, 115], 'plant': [73, 122, 208], 'animal': [75], 'invaders.': [76], 'Until': [77, 1712], 'now': [78], 'only': [79, 224, 1025, 2103], 'few': [81, 230, 404], 'studies': [82, 222], 'have': [83, 113, 188, 210, 223, 283, 429, 569, 583, 616, 1089, 1147, 2197], 'dealt': [84], 'with': [85, 228, 326, 476, 714, 749, 1180, 1294, 1609, 1929, 1980, 2214], 'spread': [87, 257, 1511, 2075], 'fungi': [89, 124, 241, 250, 291, 399, 1075, 2254], 'through': [90, 152], 'different': [91], 'continents': [92, 401], 'countries': [94], '(Desprez-Loustau': [95, 139], 'et': [96, 140, 163, 215, 243, 269, 280, 305, 309, 348, 353, 362, 366, 408, 535, 610, 623, 676, 770, 818, 822, 890, 919, 935, 939, 966, 1036, 1203, 1207, 1229, 1233, 1453, 1560, 1589, 1593, 1613, 1641, 1763, 1860, 1921, 1943, 1996, 2256, 2266], 'al.,': [97, 141, 164, 216, 244, 270, 281, 306, 310, 349, 354, 363, 367, 409, 536, 611, 624, 677, 771, 819, 823, 891, 920, 936, 940, 967, 1037, 1204, 1208, 1230, 1234, 1454, 1561, 1590, 1594, 1614, 1764, 1861, 1944, 1997, 2257, 2267], '2007),': [98, 2258], 'largely': [99, 212], 'because': [100, 739, 1541, 1747, 1813, 2195], 'lack': [103, 843], 'scientific': [105, 2062], 'knowledge': [106], 'fungal': [108, 149, 170, 204, 318, 380, 547, 1371], 'biodiversity': [109], 'ecology.': [111], 'Reports': [112], 'mostly': [114, 1001], 'introduction': [118, 202, 255, 1214, 1238, 2039], 'agronomically': [120], 'important': [121, 432], 'pathogenic': [123], '(above': [125], 'all,': [126], 'rusts': [127], 'Ascomycetes)': [129], 'pseudofungi': [131], '(Stramenopila': [132], 'Peronosporomycetes),': [134], 'invasion': [137], 'routes': [138], '2007).': [142, 625, 892, 1038, 1562, 1765], 'most': [144, 460], 'common': [145], 'way': [146], 'introducing': [148], 'pathogens': [150, 171], 'is': [151, 322, 382, 463, 493, 541, 603, 627, 636, 906, 932, 975, 992, 999, 1132, 1152, 1169, 1489, 1517, 1685, 2011, 2023, 2120, 2148, 2190], 'movement': [154, 314], 'infected': [156], 'planting': [157], 'stock': [158], 'infested': [160], 'wood': [161], '(Coetzee': [162], '2001).': [165, 941, 1209, 1235], 'success': [167], 'new': [174, 184, 867, 2059], 'environments': [175], 'might': [176, 2259], 'be': [177, 884, 1118, 1177, 1189, 1292, 1545, 1702, 1817, 2209, 2260], 'explained': [178], 'an': [180, 191, 431, 684, 744, 1532, 2131], 'increased': [181], 'aggressiveness': [182], 'towards': [183], 'host': [185, 658], 'that': [187, 545, 730, 800, 831, 849, 859, 901, 1149, 1173, 1288, 1469, 1494, 1507, 1551, 1669, 2150, 2245], 'not': [189, 383, 742, 1082, 1088, 1133, 1365, 1412, 1816, 2102], 'had': [190], 'opportunity': [192], 'evolve': [194], 'resistance.': [195], 'ecological': [197, 394, 1533, 2035], 'impacts': [198], 'intentional/unintentional': [201], 'species,': [205, 231, 274, 440, 1982], 'apart': [206], 'from': [207, 853, 1320, 1376, 1420, 1445, 1481, 1569, 1655, 1789, 1824, 1911, 2306], 'pathogens,': [209], 'ignored': [213], '(Schwartz': [214], '2006).': [217, 921, 968, 986, 1455], 'Regarding': [218], 'saprotrophic': [219], 'taxa,': [220], 'in-depth': [221], 'carried': [226], 'out': [227, 848, 2094, 2183, 2230], 'for': [232, 300, 441, 690, 736, 760, 886, 1049, 1222, 1535, 1769, 1810, 1873, 1901, 1932, 2008, 2029, 2097, 2161, 2216, 2239, 2281, 2293], 'example': [233], 'Coprinopsis': [234], 'stangliana': [235], '(Bougher,': [236], '2006),': [237, 264], 'some': [239, 438], 'woodchip': [240], '(Shaw': [242], '2004).': [245, 678, 824], 'As': [246, 1456], 'far': [247], 'ectomycorrhizal': [249, 1362], 'concerned,': [252], 'accidental': [254, 1213], 'Amanita': [259], 'phalloides': [260], '(Pringle': [261], '&': [262, 343, 453, 916, 1854, 2000], 'Vellinga,': [263], 'Boletus': [265], 'edulis': [266], 's.l.': [267], '(Hall': [268, 304, 361, 534], '1998)': [271], 'Eucalyptus-associated': [273], 'Pisolithus': [277], 'spp.': [278, 1821], '(Martin': [279], '2002),': [282, 350], 'carefully': [285], 'studied': [286], 'monitored.': [288], 'These': [289, 1743], 'symbiotic': [290, 551], 'were': [292, 298, 1017, 1028, 1289, 1383, 1427, 1478, 1607, 1707, 1732, 1745, 1749, 1777, 1798, 1808, 1876, 1889, 1927, 1957, 1965], 'accidentally': [293], 'when': [295, 712], 'allochthonous': [296], 'trees': [297, 478, 1322, 1606, 1726, 1744, 2184], 'planted': [299], 'agriculture': [301], 'reforestation': [303, 351], '1998;': [307, 364, 820], 'Martin': [308, 2292], '2002).': [311], 'deliberate': [313], 'nonindigenous': [316], 'mycorrhizal': [317, 2116], 'strains': [321], 'phenomenon': [324], 'occurring': [325], 'increasing': [327, 993], 'frequency': [328], 'consequence': [331], 'use': [334], 'beneficial': [336], 'soil': [337, 1318, 1378, 1400, 1409, 1425, 1659, 1775, 1912, 2286], 'organisms': [338], 'improve': [340], 'horticulture': [341], '(Azcon-Aguilar': [342], 'Barea,': [344], '1997),': [345], 'bioremediation': [346], '(Leyval': [347], '(Duponnois': [352], '2005)': [355], 'edible': [357], 'fruit': [358, 1471], 'body': [359], 'production': [360, 971, 991, 998, 2114, 2145], 'Hall': [365], '2003).': [368, 537], 'all': [372, 606, 1442, 2238], 'overall': [377], 'native': [378], 'resident': [379], 'communities': [381], 'well': [384, 1993], 'understood,': [385], 'scant': [387], 'attention': [388, 2126], 'paid': [391], 'transporting': [397], 'nonpathogenic': [398], 'across': [400], '(with': [402], 'exceptions,': [405], 'e.g.': [406], 'Selosse': [407], '1998).': [410, 2268], 'Monitoring': [411], 'efforts': [412], 'therefore': [414, 1170, 1490], 'urgently': [415], 'needed': [416], 'track': [418], 'spreading': [420], 'pattern': [421, 759], 'fungi.': [424], 'Since': [425], '1970s,': [427], 'humans': [428], 'played': [430], 'role': [433], 'dissemination': [436, 2141], 'Tuber': [439, 578, 591, 646, 838, 899, 913, 1353, 1515, 1581, 1635, 1705, 1820, 1985], 'example,': [442, 1010], 'using': [444, 693, 752, 773, 791, 1616, 1831, 1848, 1891, 1959], 'inoculated': [445, 462, 1293], 'seedlings': [446, 1285, 1477, 1502], 'create': [448], 'artificial': [449], 'truffle': [450, 468, 492, 837, 905, 1192, 1252, 1302, 1395, 1657, 1683, 1719, 1739, 2089, 2235], 'grounds': [451], '(Chevalier': [452, 1995], 'Grente,': [454], '1979).': [455], 'One': [456, 2003], 'commonly': [461], 'famous': [465], 'Perigord': [466, 490, 903, 1047, 1273, 1393, 1537], 'black': [467, 491, 904, 1264, 1274, 1394, 1580], '(Tuber': [469, 1355], 'melanosporum': [470, 692, 738, 762, 802, 888, 1160, 1200, 1388, 1706, 1761, 1937, 1976, 2017, 2087, 2144, 2152, 2244], 'Vittad.),': [471], 'which': [472, 580, 1098, 1186], 'lives': [473], 'symbiosis': [475], 'several': [477, 650], 'shrubs.': [480], 'Besides': [481], 'its': [482, 710, 1095, 1243, 2030, 2140], 'range': [484], '(France,': [485], 'Italy': [486, 1125, 1558, 2156], 'Spain),': [488], 'currently': [494, 592], 'produced': [495], 'Morocco,': [497], 'Australia': [498], 'New': [500], 'Zealand,': [501], 'it': [503, 1530, 2119], 'recently': [505, 768, 960], 'implanted': [507, 1503, 1708], 'Canada,': [509], 'USA,': [511], 'Argentina,': [512], 'Chile': [513], 'Israel.': [515], 'However,': [516, 825, 1084, 2033, 2188], 'spite': [518], 'this': [520, 973, 1277, 1508, 1692, 2189, 2204], 'successful': [521], 'seedling': [522], 'production,': [523], 'amount': [525], 'harvested': [526, 1018, 1032, 1300, 1718, 1778], 'annually': [527], 'declined': [529], 'over': [530, 598, 2076], 'last': [532], 'century': [533], 'name': [539], "'truffle'": [540], 'broad': [543], 'term': [544], 'comprises': [546, 1441], 'hypogeous': [552], 'genus': [553, 898], 'Tuber,': [554], 'belonging': [555, 1583], 'Tuberaceae': [558], '(Ascomycota,': [559], 'Pezizomycetes': [560], 'Pezizales)': [562], 'family.': [563], 'Recently,': [564], 'Jeandroz': [565, 1592], 'colleagues': [567, 681, 727, 828], '(2008)': [568], 'highlighted': [570], 'history': [572], 'biogeography': [575], 'genus,': [579], 'seems': [581], 'originated': [584], 'Laurasia': [586], 'during': [587, 1247], 'Trias/Jurassic': [589], 'periods.': [590], 'displays': [593], 'widespread': [595, 628], 'geographic': [596, 750, 758], 'distribution': [597, 644, 653], 'northern': [600], 'hemisphere.': [601], 'It': [602, 626, 1168, 2147], 'present': [604, 637, 1487], 'throughout': [605], 'Europe': [608, 1052, 1505, 2049, 2136], '(Riousset': [609, 1588], '2001),': [612], 'five': [614], 'found': [618, 683, 1546], 'North': [620, 639], 'Africa': [621], '(Kahbar': [622], 'Asia': [630], '(India,': [631], 'China': [632, 964, 1548], 'Mongolia)': [634], 'America': [640], '(Gilkey,': [641], '1954).': [642], 'depends': [648], 'factors:': [651], 'migration': [655], 'trees;': [659], 'dispersion': [660, 664], 'underground': [662], 'spores;': [663], 'via': [665], 'mammals;': [666], 'climatic': [667, 715, 2263], 'conditions;': [668], 'existence': [671], 'geographical': [673], 'barriers': [674], '(Murat': [675, 769], 'Bertault': [679, 725], '(1998)': [682, 728], 'extremely': [685], 'low': [686, 704, 2013, 2248], 'level': [687, 950], 'polymorphism': [689], 'T.': [691, 737, 761, 801, 871, 887, 943, 945, 1085, 1115, 1130, 1150, 1159, 1174, 1181, 1199, 1216, 1240, 1266, 1295, 1310, 1358, 1387, 1390, 1403, 1416, 1433, 1465, 1495, 1542, 1651, 1760, 1933, 1936, 1975, 2016, 2041, 2045, 2071, 2080, 2086, 2107, 2128, 2143, 2151, 2165, 2173, 2243], 'random': [694], 'amplification': [695], 'polymorphic': [697], 'DNA': [698, 780, 1372, 1575, 1823, 1833, 1910, 2287], '(RAPD)': [699], 'microsatellite': [701], 'analysis.': [702], 'Its': [703], 'genetic': [705, 734, 747, 952, 2249], 'diversity': [706, 2250], 'casts': [707], 'doubt': [708], 'survival': [711], 'faced': [713], 'changes': [716, 2264], 'species.': [720, 2020], 'On': [721], 'other': [723, 2253], 'hand,': [724], 'there': [731], 'was': [732, 1373, 1396, 1405, 1829, 1846, 1906, 2302], 'no': [733], 'structure': [735, 958, 1463], 'they': [740, 840, 1671, 1748, 1814], 'did': [741], 'find': [743], 'increase': [745], 'differentiation': [748], 'distance': [751], 'Mantel': [754], 'test.': [755], 'A': [756, 1792], 'strong': [757, 956], 'instead': [764, 1044], 'identified': [766, 797, 962, 1261, 1397, 1406], 'more': [767, 1013, 1156], '2004)': [772], 'moderate': [774], 'variations': [775], 'nuclear': [778], 'ribosomal': [779, 1574], '(rDNA)': [781, 1576], 'internal': [782, 1570], 'transcribed': [783, 1571], 'spacer': [784, 1572], '(ITS).': [785], 'None': [786, 1644], 'analyses,': [789], 'conducted': [790], 'microsatellites': [792], 'rDNA': [794, 1345], 'ITS': [795, 1346, 1844, 1925], 'sequencing,': [796, 1347], 'heterozygotes,': [798], 'suggesting': [799, 1755], 'very': [805], 'closed': [806], 'mating': [807], 'system,': [808], 'homothallism,': [811], 'pseudohomothallism': [812], 'even': [814], 'exclusively': [815, 858], 'selfing': [816], '(Bertault': [817, 2265], 'Murat': [821], 'Paolocci': [826, 1942], '(2006)': [829], 'showed': [830, 900, 1666], 'recombination': [832], 'occurred': [833], 'white': [836], 'magnatum;': [839], 'explain': [841], 'heterozygosis': [845], 'pointing': [847], "'DNAs": [851], 'extracted': [852, 1374, 1830], 'ascocarps': [855], 'almost': [857], 'maternal': [862], "parent'.": [863], 'This': [864, 1439, 2021, 2300], 'hypothesis': [865], 'gives': [866], 'ideas': [868], 'magnatum': [872], 'life': [873], 'cycle': [874], 'opens': [876, 2058], 'question': [878], 'whether': [880], 'same': [882, 1091], 'could': [883, 1176, 1187, 1815], 'true': [885], '(Rubini': [889], 'phylogenetic': [894, 1605, 2056], 'analysis': [895], 'closely': [907], 'related': [908, 1649], 'Chinese': [911, 1042, 1263], 'truffle,': [912, 1043, 1048, 1265, 1538], 'indicum': [914, 946, 1086, 1116, 1131, 1151, 1175, 1217, 1241, 1404, 1417, 1434, 1496, 1516, 1543, 1636, 1652, 1934, 2042, 2072, 2081, 2108, 2129, 2174], 'Cook': [915], 'Massee': [917], '(Wang': [918, 965, 1035, 1452, 1559], 'Moreover,': [922, 2118], 'both': [923, 1224, 2065], 'morphologically': [926, 1799], 'similar': [927, 1553], 'confusion': [929], 'between': [930], 'them': [931], 'possible': [933], '(Paolocci': [934, 1202, 1228], '2000;': [937], 'Riousset': [938], 'Unlike': [942], 'melanosporum,': [944, 1296], 'high': [949, 976, 1461], 'diversity,': [953], 'phylogeographic': [957, 1462], '(at': [977], 'least': [978], '300': [979], 'tons': [980, 1016, 1027], '2006,': [982, 1768], 'according': [983], 'Knapp,': [985], 'Even': [987], 'though': [988], 'total': [990, 1793], 'each': [994, 1770, 1874], 'year,': [995], 'local': [997, 2098], 'declining,': [1000], 'result': [1004, 1458], 'destructive': [1006], 'harvesting': [1007], 'methods.': [1008], 'For': [1009, 1668], 'before': [1011], '1993': [1012], 'than': [1014, 1158, 1526], '20': [1015], 'Huidong': [1020], 'county': [1021], '(Sichuan,': [1022], 'China)': [1023], 'whereas': [1024], '4–5': [1026], 'recorded': [1029], 'being': [1031], '2003': [1034], 'Importation': [1039], 'sale': [1050, 1128], 'known': [1055], 'about': [1056], 'since': [1057], 'middle': [1059], '1990s': [1062], 'and,': [1063, 2251], 'Hannah': [1067], 'Beech': [1068], '(TIME': [1069], 'Magazine,': [1070], 'April': [1071], '17,': [1072, 1142], '2005):': [1073], "'Chinese": [1074], 'flooding': [1077], 'gourmet-markets,': [1078], 'Europeans': [1080], "amused'.": [1083], 'does': [1087], 'organoleptic': [1092], 'qualities': [1093], 'European': [1096, 1513], 'cousin,': [1097], 'cost': [1100], '1000': [1101, 1623], 'Euro': [1102], 'kg−1.': [1103], 'Because': [1104], 'absence': [1107], 'specific': [1109, 1381, 1930], 'regulations': [1110], 'France': [1112], 'Spain,': [1114], 'sold': [1119], 'countries,': [1122], 'unlike': [1123], 'where': [1126, 1257], 'permitted': [1134], '(law': [1135], 'n°752,': [1136], 'December': [1137], '16,': [1138], '1985,': [1139], 'modified': [1140, 1916], 'May': [1141], '1991).': [1143], 'In': [1144, 1276, 1367, 1691, 1766, 2177, 2223], 'vitro': [1145], 'experiments': [1146], 'displayed': [1148], 'dominant,': [1153], 'competitive': [1154], 'aggressive': [1157], '(Gérard': [1161], 'Chevalier': [1162, 2180], 'Alessandra': [1164], 'Zambonelli,': [1165], 'pers.': [1166], 'comm.).': [1167], 'concern': [1172], 'used': [1178, 1384, 1473, 1499, 1907], '(mixed': [1179], 'melanosporum)': [1182], 'inoculate': [1184, 1475, 1501], 'seedlings,': [1185], 'thereafter': [1188], 'disseminated': [1190], 'ground': [1193, 1658, 1684], 'then': [1195], 'threaten': [1196], 'indigenous': [1198], 'populations': [1201], '1999;': [1205, 1231], 'Mabru': [1206, 1232], 'To': [1210, 1305], 'investigate': [1211], 'Europe,': [1219], 'molecular': [1220, 1340], 'tools': [1221], 'discriminating': [1223], 'already': [1226], 'available': [1227], 'potential': [1237, 1757], 'received': [1242], 'first': [1244, 1492], 'experimental': [1245], 'confirmation': [1246], 'survey': [1249], 'plantation': [1253, 1278, 1330], 'Piedmont': [1255, 1422, 1664], '(Italy),': [1256], 'chance': [1259], 'we': [1260, 1312, 1467, 2169, 2225], 'indicum,': [1267, 1311, 1466], 'addition': [1269], 'expected': [1272, 1290, 1700], 'truffle.': [1275], 'owner': [1280, 1715], 'hazel': [1282, 1695], 'hornbeam': [1284, 1698], '1997': [1287], 'but': [1297, 2111], 'he': [1298], 'never': [1299, 1717], 'any': [1301], 'fruiting': [1303, 1720, 2109], 'bodies.': [1304], 'establish': [1306], 'presence': [1308, 1737, 1758, 2163], 'randomly': [1313], 'sampled': [1314], 'root': [1315, 1772, 1796], 'tips': [1316, 1363, 1773, 1797], 'samples': [1319, 1379, 1410, 1426, 1444, 1660, 1776, 1913], 'six': [1321, 1827], '(five': [1323, 1727], 'hornbeams': [1324, 1728], 'one': [1326, 1730, 2025], 'hazel)': [1327, 1731], '(for': [1331], 'methodology': [1332], 'details': [1333], 'see': [1334], 'Fig.': [1336], '1': [1337, 1787], 'legend).': [1338], 'analysis,': [1341], 'based': [1342], 'enabled': [1348], 'us': [1349], 'identify': [1351], 'two': [1352, 1399, 1634], 'borchii': [1356], 'indicum)': [1359], 'within': [1360], 'genotyped': [1361], '(data': [1364, 1411], 'shown).': [1366, 1413], 'second': [1369], 'step,': [1370], 'directly': [1375], 'primers': [1382, 1851, 1931], 'genotype': [1386], 'indicum.': [1391, 2166], 'samples,': [1401], 'three': [1408, 1579], 'four': [1415, 1647, 1780], 'sequences': [1418, 1577, 1648, 1882, 1884, 1950, 1952], 'obtained': [1419, 1568, 1608], 'mycorrhizae': [1423, 1662], 'identical': [1428], 'clustered': [1430], 'clade': [1435, 1440], 'II': [1436, 1630], '(Fig.': [1437], '1).': [1438], 'Gong-shan': [1446], '(Yunnan),': [1447], 'Miyi': [1448], 'Panzhihua': [1450], '(Sichuan)': [1451], 'suggest': [1468], 'bodies': [1472, 1721, 2110], 'probably': [1479, 2024], 'imported': [1480], 'regions': [1483, 1926], 'China.': [1485], 'report': [1488], 'evidence': [1493], 'ecosystems.': [1514], 'novel': [1519], 'Italy.': [1524], 'More': [1525], 'gourmet-market': [1528], 'problem,': [1529], 'constitutes': [1531], 'threat': [1534], 'particular': [1540], 'ecosystems': [1550], 'those': [1555], 'central': [1557], 'Maximum': [1563], 'parsimony': [1564, 1604], 'bootstrap': [1565], 'consensus': [1566], 'tree': [1567, 1680], '(ITS)': [1573], 'Melanosporum': [1586], 'group': [1587], '2001;': [1591], '2008).': [1595], 'alignment': [1597], '553': [1599], 'bp': [1600], 'maximum': [1603], 'mega': [1610], '4.0': [1611], '(Tamura': [1612], '2007)': [1615], 'default': [1617], 'parameters.': [1618], 'Bootstrap': [1619], 'values': [1620], 'corresponding': [1621], 'repeats': [1624], 'shown.': [1626], 'Clades': [1627], 'I': [1628], 'correspond': [1631], 'clades': [1637], 'defined': [1638], 'Wang': [1640], 'al.': [1642, 1922], '(2006).': [1643], 'originating': [1654], '(Italy)': [1665], 'polymorphism.': [1667], 'reason,': [1670], 'represented': [1673], 'single': [1676], 'sequence': [1677], '(AM932205).': [1681], 'located': [1686], 'near': [1687], 'Torino': [1688], '(Piedmont,': [1689], 'Italy).': [1690, 1870, 1971], 'plantation,': [1693], '50': [1694], '30': [1697], 'plants': [1699], 'mycorrhized': [1703], 'June': [1710], '1997.': [1711], 'now,': [1713], 'plantation.': [1724, 1742], 'Six': [1725, 1806], 'chosen': [1733], 'verify': [1735], 'selected': [1746], 'surrounded': [1750], 'scanty': [1753], 'vegetation,': [1754], '(Splivallo': [1762], 'November': [1767], 'tree,': [1771], 'points': [1781], '(North,': [1782], 'East,': [1783], 'South': [1784], 'West),': [1786], 'm': [1788], 'tree.': [1791], '150': [1795], 'analysed': [1800], 'sorted': [1802], 'into': [1803, 2043], '12': [1804], 'morphotypes.': [1805], 'morphotypes': [1807, 1828], 'excluded': [1809], 'further': [1811], 'analyses': [1812], 'attributed': [1818], 'remaining': [1826], 'Plant': [1834], 'Minikit': [1835], '(Qiagen,': [1836], 'Milan,': [1837, 1869], 'Italy),': [1838], 'following': [1839, 1914], "manufacturer's": [1841], 'instructions.': [1842], 'region': [1845], 'amplified': [1847, 1928], 'universal': [1850], 'ITS1f': [1852], '(Gardes': [1853], 'Bruns,': [1855], '1993)': [1856], 'ITS4': [1858], '(White': [1859], '1990)': [1862], 'cloned': [1864, 1881, 1949], 'vector': [1866], 'pGEM-T': [1867], '(Promega,': [1868], 'Five': [1871], 'clones': [1872, 1964], 'morphotype': [1875], 'sequenced.': [1877], 'Similarities': [1878, 1946], 'GenBank': [1887, 1955], 'database': [1888, 1956], 'determined': [1890, 1958], 'blast': [1892, 1960], '(NCBI,': [1893], 'Bethesda,': [1894], 'MD,': [1895], 'USA).': [1896], 'FastDNA': [1898], 'SPIN': [1899], 'Kit': [1900], 'Soil': [1902], '(Q-Biogene,': [1903], 'Rome,': [1904], 'Italy)': [1905], 'extract': [1909], 'protocol': [1917], 'described': [1918], 'Luis': [1920, 2276], '(2004).': [1923], '(ITSCHCH,': [1938], 'ITSML': [1939], 'ITS4LNB;': [1941], '1999).': [1945], '(NCBI).': [1961], 'All': [1962], 'sequenced': [1966], 'DiNAMYCODE': [1968], 's.r.l.': [1969], '(Torino,': [1970], 'replacement': [1973], 'productive': [1978], 'plantations': [1979, 2153], 'autochthonous': [1981], 'brumale': [1986], 'Vittad.': [1987], 'Hebeloma': [1989], 'sp.,': [1990], 'documented': [1994], '1982;': [1998], 'Granetti': [1999], 'Angelini,': [2001], '1992).': [2002], 'main': [2006], 'reasons': [2007, 2028], 'substitutions': [2010], 'competitiveness': [2014], 'regarding': [2018], 'trait': [2022], 'progressive': [2031], 'decline.': [2032], 'consequences': [2036], 'melanosporum-producing': [2046], 'area': [2047], 'still': [2051], 'unknown': [2052], 'close': [2055], 'relationship': [2057], 'questions': [2060], 'relevance.': [2063], 'Are': [2064], 'able': [2067, 2073], 'inbreed?': [2069], 'Is': [2070, 2079], 'long': [2077], 'distances?': [2078], 'really': [2082], 'capable': [2083], 'replacing': [2085], 'grounds?': [2090], 'Our': [2091], 'findings': [2092], 'point': [2093, 2229], 'need': [2096, 2207], 'agencies': [2099], 'importation': [2105], 'also': [2112], 'seedlings.': [2117], 'vital': [2122], 'importance': [2123, 2232], 'draw': [2125], 'prevent': [2139], 'areas.': [2146], 'recommended': [2149], 'France,': [2155, 2178], 'Spain': [2158], 'investigated': [2160], 'How': [2167], 'eliminate': [2172], 'Europe?': [2176], 'Gérard': [2179], 'advised': [2181], 'pulling': [2182], 'disinfecting': [2186], 'soils.': [2187], 'difficult': [2192], 'option,': [2193], 'particularly': [2194], 'owners': [2196], 'invested': [2198], 'money': [2199], 'plantations,': [2202], 'option': [2205], 'may': [2206], 'political': [2211], 'decision,': [2212], 'perhaps': [2213], 'incentives': [2215], 'owners,': [2218], 'financial': [2221], 'support.': [2222], 'conclusion,': [2224], 'would': [2226], 'like': [2227, 2252], 'conserving': [2234], 'biodiversity,': [2236], 'above': [2237], '(Gange': [2255], 'influenced': [2261], 'We': [2269], 'thank': [2270], 'Dr': [2271, 2274, 2278, 2290], 'François': [2272], 'Buscot,': [2273], 'Patricia': [2275], 'Rolland': [2279], 'Marmeisse': [2280], 'help': [2283], 'extraction': [2288], 'Francis': [2291], 'his': [2294], 'critical': [2295], 'comments': [2296], 'manuscript.': [2299], 'work': [2301], 'funded': [2303], 'grants': [2305], 'National': [2308], 'Council': [2309], '(Biodiversity': [2312], 'Project,': [2313], 'IPP),': [2314], 'Regione': [2315], 'Piemonte': [2316], '(CIPE': [2317], 'B63)': [2318], 'Compagnia': [2320], 'di': [2321], 'San': [2322], 'Paolo': [2323], '(MycoGenomics': [2324], 'Project)': [2325], 'P.B.': [2327]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023732393', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T12:14:17.098122', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}