Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2023511042', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.197.2.7480696', 'title': 'Effectiveness of lead aprons in vascular radiology: results of clinical measurements.', 'display_name': 'Effectiveness of lead aprons in vascular radiology: results of clinical measurements.', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2023511042', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.197.2.7480696', 'mag': '2023511042', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7480696'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.197.2.7480696', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S50280174', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'issn_l': '0033-8419', 'issn': ['0033-8419', '1527-1315'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315931', 'host_organization_name': 'Radiological Society of North America', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315931'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Radiological Society of North America'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043650329', 'display_name': 'P.J.H. Kicken', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I34352273', 'display_name': 'Maastricht University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jz4aj89', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I34352273']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P J Kicken', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dept of Radiology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dept of Radiology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I34352273']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029683118', 'display_name': 'A.J.J. Bos', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5849-7748'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A J Bos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.329, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 31, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.874722, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 88, 'max': 89}, 'biblio': {'volume': '197', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '473', 'last_page': '478'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10844', 'display_name': 'Radiation Dose and Imaging', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10844', 'display_name': 'Radiation Dose and Imaging', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12386', 'display_name': 'Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging', 'score': 0.9542, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13869', 'display_name': 'Ocular and Laser Science Research', 'score': 0.9086, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-apron', 'display_name': 'Lead apron', 'score': 0.8962126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-area-product', 'display_name': 'Dose area product', 'score': 0.61927295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-dose', 'display_name': 'Equivalent dose', 'score': 0.45635536}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.91411495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909875076', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508434', 'display_name': 'Lead apron', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8962126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776805002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614984', 'display_name': 'Fluoroscopy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7746159}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105636585', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303665', 'display_name': 'Dosimeter', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63860244}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C79905245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175043', 'display_name': 'Dose area product', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61927295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2989005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963', 'display_name': 'Nuclear medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5936454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184652730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982', 'display_name': 'Attenuation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50760186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779925993', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336938', 'display_name': 'Radiation exposure', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50703096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777620619', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574099', 'display_name': 'Radiation protection', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5058934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149857219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5239054', 'display_name': 'Effective dose (radiation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49477905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170226646', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256106', 'display_name': 'Equivalent dose', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45635536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126838900', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44292757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75088862', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081', 'display_name': 'Dosimetry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3000918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06556827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000792', 'descriptor_name': 'Angiography', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011835', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiation Protection', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000005', 'descriptor_name': 'Abdomen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000528', 'qualifier_name': 'radiation effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000005', 'descriptor_name': 'Abdomen', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000005', 'descriptor_name': 'Abdomen', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000098', 'qualifier_name': 'blood supply', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000792', 'descriptor_name': 'Angiography', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015901', 'descriptor_name': 'Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000800', 'descriptor_name': 'Angioplasty, Balloon', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002533', 'descriptor_name': 'Cerebral Angiography', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005471', 'descriptor_name': 'Fluoroscopy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020366', 'descriptor_name': 'Methylmethacrylate', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008768', 'descriptor_name': 'Methylmethacrylates', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008961', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Structural', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016273', 'descriptor_name': 'Occupational Exposure', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011829', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiation Dosage', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011835', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiation Protection', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011860', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiography, Abdominal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015641', 'descriptor_name': 'Radiography, Interventional', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012542', 'descriptor_name': 'Scattering, Radiation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013819', 'descriptor_name': 'Thermoluminescent Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013819', 'descriptor_name': 'Thermoluminescent Dosimetry', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000295', 'qualifier_name': 'instrumentation', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013895', 'descriptor_name': 'Thoracic Arteries', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013895', 'descriptor_name': 'Thoracic Arteries', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000000981', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnostic imaging', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014963', 'descriptor_name': 'X-Ray Intensifying Screens', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.197.2.7480696', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S50280174', 'display_name': 'Radiology', 'issn_l': '0033-8419', 'issn': ['0033-8419', '1527-1315'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315931', 'host_organization_name': 'Radiological Society of North America', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315931'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Radiological Society of North America'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7480696', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4390063714', 'https://openalex.org/W4384342476', 'https://openalex.org/W4324361467', 'https://openalex.org/W3192248416', 'https://openalex.org/W3024855152', 'https://openalex.org/W2604341058', 'https://openalex.org/W2553969322', 'https://openalex.org/W2277602800', 'https://openalex.org/W2054289213', 'https://openalex.org/W2028721870'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'PURPOSE:': [0], 'To': [1], 'determine': [2], 'the': [3, 73, 90, 93, 109, 170], 'effectiveness': [4, 141], 'of': [5, 36, 43, 61, 72, 76, 111, 142], '0.5-mm-thick': [6, 134, 143], 'lead-equivalent': [7, 135, 144], 'aprons': [8, 27, 77, 136], 'in': [9, 28, 53, 80, 87, 117], 'vascular': [10, 118], 'radiology.': [11], 'MATERIALS': [12], 'AND': [13], 'METHODS:': [14], 'The': [15, 84, 128, 140], 'radiation': [16, 74, 130, 165], 'dose': [17, 172], 'to': [18, 92], 'radiology': [19], 'personnel': [20], 'was': [21, 137], 'measured': [22], 'under': [23, 114], 'and': [24, 38, 45, 66, 99, 124], 'over': [25], 'lead': [26], 'more': [29], 'than': [30], '100': [31], 'patient': [32], 'examinations.': [33], 'Thermoluminescent': [34], 'dosimeters': [35], 'high': [37], 'normal': [39], 'sensitivities': [40], '(detection': [41], 'levels': [42], '1': [44], '10': [46], 'microGy,': [47], 'respectively)': [48], 'were': [49, 56, 78, 126], 'used.': [50], 'Dose': [51], 'measurements': [52, 71, 112], 'clinical': [54, 115, 148], 'practice': [55], 'complemented': [57], 'with': [58, 147, 151], 'real-time': [59], 'measurement': [60], 'generating': [62, 85, 155], 'potential,': [63], 'dose-area': [64], 'product,': [65], 'fluoroscopy': [67], 'time.': [68], 'In': [69], 'addition,': [70], 'attenuation': [75, 120, 131], 'performed': [79], 'simulated': [81], 'exposure': [82], 'conditions.': [83], 'potential': [86], 'fluoroscopy--weighted': [88], 'for': [89, 133], 'contribution': [91], 'occupational': [94], 'exposure--varied': [95], 'between': [96, 122], 'about': [97], '70': [98, 123], '95': [100], 'kV': [101], 'per': [102], 'examination': [103], '(average,': [104], '78': [105], 'kV).': [106], 'RESULTS:': [107], 'On': [108], 'basis': [110], 'obtained': [113], 'conditions': [116], 'radiology,': [119], 'factors': [121], '280': [125], 'derived.': [127], 'typical': [129], 'factor': [132], '200.': [138], 'CONCLUSION:': [139], 'aprons,': [145], 'determined': [146, 164], 'measurements,': [149], 'agrees': [150], 'estimates': [152], 'based': [153], 'on': [154], 'potential.': [156], 'Previously': [157], 'published': [158], 'effective': [159], 'doses,': [160], 'inferred': [161], 'from': [162], 'nonclinically': [163], 'transmission': [166], 'factors,': [167], 'probably': [168], 'overestimate': [169], 'actual': [171], 'levels.': [173]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023511042', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T13:59:21.209872', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}